Podcasts about ptfe

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Play Episode Listen Later Apr 2, 2025 61:03

CORE CPD ALERT!

#NewProducts 3/05/25 Feat @Adafruit Metro RP2350 with PSRAM

Adafruit Industries

Play Episode Listen Later Mar 7, 2025 9:58

See all the Alphabet LED Filaments here: (0:07) https://www.adafruit.com/category/536 Alphabet LED Filament - Warm White Letter "A" https://www.adafruit.com/product/6191 Alphabet LED Filament - Warm White Letter "B" https://www.adafruit.com/product/6192 Alphabet LED Filament - Warm White Letter "C" https://www.adafruit.com/product/6193 Alphabet LED Filament - Warm White Letter "D" https://www.adafruit.com/product/6194 Alphabet LED Filament - Warm White Letter "E" https://www.adafruit.com/product/6195 Alphabet LED Filament - Warm White Letter "F" https://www.adafruit.com/product/6196 Alphabet LED Filament - Warm White Letter "G" https://www.adafruit.com/product/6197 Alphabet LED Filament - Warm White Letter "H" https://www.adafruit.com/product/6198 Alphabet LED Filament - Warm White Letter "I" https://www.adafruit.com/product/6199 Alphabet LED Filament - Warm White Letter "J" https://www.adafruit.com/product/6201 Alphabet LED Filament - Warm White Letter "K" https://www.adafruit.com/product/6202 Alphabet LED Filament - Warm White Letter "L" https://www.adafruit.com/product/6203 Alphabet LED Filament - Warm White Letter "M" https://www.adafruit.com/product/6204 Alphabet LED Filament - Warm White Letter "N" https://www.adafruit.com/product/6205 Alphabet LED Filament - Warm White Letter "O" https://www.adafruit.com/product/6206 Alphabet LED Filament - Warm White Letter "P" https://www.adafruit.com/product/6207 Alphabet LED Filament - Warm White Letter "Q" https://www.adafruit.com/product/6208 Alphabet LED Filament - Warm White Letter "R" https://www.adafruit.com/product/6209 Alphabet LED Filament - Warm White Letter "S" https://www.adafruit.com/product/6210 Alphabet LED Filament - Warm White Letter "T" https://www.adafruit.com/product/6211 Alphabet LED Filament - Warm White Letter "U" https://www.adafruit.com/product/6212 Alphabet LED Filament - Warm White Letter "V" https://www.adafruit.com/product/6213 Alphabet LED Filament - Warm White Letter "W" https://www.adafruit.com/product/6214 Alphabet LED Filament - Warm White Letter "X" https://www.adafruit.com/product/6215 Alphabet LED Filament - Warm White Letter "Y" https://www.adafruit.com/product/6216 Alphabet LED Filament - Warm White Letter "Z" https://www.adafruit.com/product/6217 - See all the Single ended nOOds here: (2:00) https://www.adafruit.com/category/536 Single ended nOOds - 300mm long Flexible LED Filament - Warm White 3V https://www.adafruit.com/product/6154 Single ended nOOds - 300mm long Flexible LED Filament - Pink 3V https://www.adafruit.com/product/6152 Single ended nOOds - 300mm long Flexible LED Filament - Green 3V https://www.adafruit.com/product/6151 Single ended nOOds - 300mm long Flexible LED Filament - Red 3V https://www.adafruit.com/product/6150 Single ended nOOds - 300mm long Flexible LED Filament - Blue 3V https://www.adafruit.com/product/6149 Single ended nOOds - 300mm long Flexible LED Filament - Cool White 3V https://www.adafruit.com/product/6148 Single ended nOOds - 300mm long Flexible LED Filament - Ice Blue 3V https://www.adafruit.com/product/6147 Single ended nOOds - 300mm long Flexible LED Filament - Natural White 3V https://www.adafruit.com/product/6146 RGB Full Color Backlight Display - 23mm x 75mm (2:24) https://www.adafruit.com/product/6157 RGB Full Color Backlight Display - 84mm x 45mm (2:24) https://www.adafruit.com/product/6156 RGB Full Color Backlight Display - 12mm x 40mm (2:24) https://www.adafruit.com/product/6158 Adafruit RS232 Full Breakout with DE9-M (4:56) https://www.adafruit.com/product/6253 Adafruit SHT45 Trinkey - USB Temp and Humidity Sensor with PTFE (5:46) https://www.adafruit.com/product/6260 Adafruit DAC6578 Breakout - 8 x Channel 10-bit I2C DAC (6:19) https://www.adafruit.com/product/6258 Adafruit Metro RP2350 with PSRAM (7:22) https://www.adafruit.com/product/6267 Visit the Adafruit shop online - http://www.adafruit.com ----------------------------------------- New nEw NEWs New Products, News, and more: https://www.adafruit.com/newsletter #newnewnew Shop for all of the newest Adafruit products: http://adafru.it/new Visit the Adafruit shop online - http://www.adafruit.com Adafruit on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/adafruit LIVE CHAT IS HERE! http://adafru.it/discord Subscribe to Adafruit on YouTube: http://adafru.it/subscribe New tutorials on the Adafruit Learning System: http://learn.adafruit.com/ -----------------------------------------

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#NewProducts 3/05/25 Feat @Adafruit Metro RP2350 with PSRAM

New Products

Play Episode Listen Later Mar 7, 2025 9:58

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#NewProducts 1/29/25 Feat @Adafruit Sensirion SHT45 Precision Temp &amp; Humidity with PTFE

Adafruit Industries

Play Episode Listen Later Jan 31, 2025 7:25

Adafruit 1.28" 240x240 Round TFT LCD Display with MicroSD - GC9A01A with EYESPI Connector (0:09) https://www.adafruit.com/product/6178 RJ-50 (10P10C) Round Panel Mount Adapter Plug (0:49) https://www.adafruit.com/product/6117 NeoPixel LED Outdoor Netting - 100 x 20 LEDs - 1x5 Meter Sizing (2:02) https://www.adafruit.com/product/6166 NeoPixel LED Outdoor Netting - 80 x 20 LEDs - 1x4 Meter Sizing (2:02) https://www.adafruit.com/product/6165 Adafruit Sensirion SHT45 Precision Temp & Humidity with PTFE - STEMMA QT / Qwiic (6:12) https://www.adafruit.com/product/6174 Visit the Adafruit shop online - http://www.adafruit.com ----------------------------------------- New nEw NEWs New Products, News, and more: https://www.adafruit.com/newsletter #newnewnew Shop for all of the newest Adafruit products: http://adafru.it/new Visit the Adafruit shop online - http://www.adafruit.com Adafruit on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/adafruit LIVE CHAT IS HERE! http://adafru.it/discord Subscribe to Adafruit on YouTube: http://adafru.it/subscribe New tutorials on the Adafruit Learning System: http://learn.adafruit.com/ -----------------------------------------

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#NewProducts 1/29/25 Feat @Adafruit Sensirion SHT45 Precision Temp &amp; Humidity with PTFE

New Products

Play Episode Listen Later Jan 31, 2025 7:25

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3277: Gastrointestinal Metaplasia, B12 & Liver, Electric Cars & EMFs, Nonstick Cookware, Enlarged Veins (CHC)

The Cabral Concept

Play Episode Listen Later Jan 25, 2025 18:16

Welcome back to our weekend Cabral HouseCall shows! This is where we answer our community's wellness, weight loss, and anti-aging questions to help people get back on track! Check out today's questions: E.L: Hi Dr. Cabral, I had an endoscopy done in Jan 2024 and found gastrointestinal intestinal metaplasia in the stomach. In July I had a 2nd endoscopy done (to take a more deeper look and map it) and the results were the same and “stable” (no change), the Gastro said that it looked more like autoimmune gastritis because I tested positive for the antibody, she explained it to be one in the same. She said not to worry because the chances it become malignant (dysplasia and on) were slim and monitor it (repeat the endoscopy) in 2 years. Had a GI Map done per my Int Doc that ruled out H. pylori, which she said was not real data and disregarded it. Taking gastric gum and GI benefits, manuka honey on occasion. How long should I take these supplements for? For ever? What can I do? Can it be reversed? Alicja: Hi Dr. Cabral, I recently asked you about very high levels of vit. B12 that my blood work shows (despite not supplementing with B12, other than what's in my Multi) You said it may be a liver issue - that perhaps my liver is not processing my B12 and that's why the vitamin keeps circulating in my bloodstream. Can you please elaborate on this? How can I check if my liver does not process my B12? What kind of tests should I run for my liver? Thank you so much for your help. Alicja: Hi again. What is your opinion about electric cars? Is it true that they are big "EMF boxes" Ever since someone mentioned that, I can't help but wonder if it's true. I would love if you could make a show about this, perhaps with results of what EMF readers show inside a Tesla, Cyber truck and the self driving Weymo. Thank you again for spreading your amazing knowledge. Kelsey: Hi Dr. Cabral. I was wondering if you have heard of the brand of cookware called Hexclad. It advertises as getting the cooking experience of stainless steel, nonstick, and cast iron all in one hybrid pan. They say the nonstick is called TerraBond which is PTFE free and free from forever chemicals, and is a patented technology. Thanks for your input!! Jasmine: Hey there, Firstly, I want to thank you for all the podcasts you put out, and all that you give. I am in the best health now at 36 years old, because of how much I've learned & applied from all you've discovered and shared with us. I had my first baby last March, and plan to try for another next year, in hope that they are. somewhere close to 2 + years apart. I noticed the veins on my arms and hands enlarged during pregnancy and have remained enlarged post pregnancy (9 months now). They often ache. I started out at a healthy weight, 5' 9” 136lbs, gained 23 lbs during the pregnancy. I am wondering if there is anything I should consider doing/taking to help with the veins on my next pregnancy, maybe increasing my blood flow etc. would love to hear you thoughts. Thanks so much! Thank you for tuning into today's Cabral HouseCall and be sure to check back tomorrow where we answer more of our community's questions! - - - Show Notes and Resources: StephenCabral.com/3277 - - - Get a FREE Copy of Dr. Cabral's Book: The Rain Barrel Effect - - - Join the Community & Get Your Questions Answered: CabralSupportGroup.com - - - Dr. Cabral's Most Popular At-Home Lab Tests: > Complete Minerals & Metals Test (Test for mineral imbalances & heavy metal toxicity) - - - > Complete Candida, Metabolic & Vitamins Test (Test for 75 biomarkers including yeast & bacterial gut overgrowth, as well as vitamin levels) - - - > Complete Stress, Mood & Metabolism Test (Discover your complete thyroid, adrenal, hormone, vitamin D & insulin levels) - - - > Complete Food Sensitivity Test (Find out your hidden food sensitivities) - - - > Complete Omega-3 & Inflammation Test (Discover your levels of inflammation related to your omega-6 to omega-3 levels) - - - Get Your Question Answered On An Upcoming HouseCall: StephenCabral.com/askcabral - - - Would You Take 30 Seconds To Rate & Review The Cabral Concept? The best way to help me spread our mission of true natural health is to pass on the good word, and I read and appreciate every review!

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Holding Pressure: AV Fistula/Graft Complications Part 1

Audible Bleeding

Play Episode Listen Later Jan 6, 2025 38:54

Guest: Dr. Christian de Virgilio is the Chair of the Department of Surgery at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center. He is also Co-Chair of the College of Applied Anatomy and a Professor of Surgery at UCLA's David Geffen School of Medicine. He completed his undergraduate degree in Biology at Loyola Marymount University and earned his medical degree from UCLA. He then completed his residency in General Surgery at UCLA-Harbor Medical Center followed by a fellowship in Vascular Surgery at the Mayo Clinic. Resources: Rutherford Chapters (10th ed.): 174, 175, 177, 178 Prior Holding Pressure episode on AV access creation: https://www.audiblebleeding.com/vsite-hd-access/ The Society for Vascular Surgery: Clinical practice guidelines for the surgical placement and maintenance of arteriovenous hemodialysis access: https://www.jvascsurg.org/article/S0741-5214%2808%2901399-2/fulltext KDOQI Clinical Practice Guideline for Vascular Access: 2019 Update: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32778223/ Outline: Steal Syndrome Definition & Etiology Steal syndrome is an important complication of AV access creation, since access creation diverts arterial blood flow from the hand. Steal can be caused by multiple factors—arterial occlusive disease proximal or distal to the AV anastomosis, high flow through the fistula at the expense of distal arterial perfusion, and failure of the distal arterial networks to adapt to this decreased blood flow. Incidence and Risk Factors The frequency of steal syndrome is 1.6-9%1,2, depending on the vessels and conduit choice Steal syndrome is more common with brachial and axillary artery-based accesses and nonautogenous conduits. Other risk factors for steal syndrome are peripheral vascular disease, coronary artery disease, diabetes, advanced age, female sex, larger outflow conduit, multiple prior permanent access procedures, and prior episodes of steal.3,4 Long-standing insulin-dependent diabetes causes both medial calcinosis and peripheral neuropathy, which limits arteries' ability to vasodilate and adjust to decreased blood flow. Patient Presentation, Symptoms, Grading Steal syndrome is diagnosed clinically. Symptoms after AVG creation occurs within the first few days, since flow in prosthetic grafts tend to reach a maximum value very early after creation. Native AVFs take time to mature and flow will slowly increase overtime, leading to more insidious onset of symptoms that can take months or years. The patient should have a unilateral complaint in the extremity with the AV access. Symptoms of steal syndrome, in order of increasing severity, include nail changes, occasional tingling, extremity coolness, numbness in fingertips and hands, muscle weakness, rest pain, sensory and motor deficits, fingertip ulcerations, and tissue loss. There could be a weakened radial pulse or weak Doppler signal on the affected side, and these will become stronger after compression of the AV outflow. Symptoms are graded on a scale specified by Society of Vascular Surgery (SVS) reporting standards:5 Workup Duplex ultrasound can be used to analyze flow volumes. A high flow volume (in autogenous accesses greater than 800 mL/min, in nonautogenous accesses greater than 1200 mL/min) signifies an outflow issue. The vein or graft is acting as a pressure sink and stealing blood from the distal artery. A low flow volume signifies an inflow issue, meaning that there is a proximal arterial lesion preventing blood from reaching the distal artery. Upper extremity angiogram can identify proximal arterial lesions. Prevention Create the AV access as distal as possible, in order to preserve arterial inflow to the hand and reduce the anastomosis size and outflow diameter. SVS guidelines recommend a 4-6mm arteriotomy diameter to balance the need for sufficient access flow with the risk of steal. If a graft is necessary, tapered prosthetic grafts are sometimes used in patients with steal risk factors, using the smaller end of the graft placed at the arterial anastomosis, although this has not yet been proven to reduce the incidence of steal. Indications for Treatment Intervention is recommended in lifestyle-limiting cases of Grade II and all Grade III steal cases. If left untreated, the natural history of steal syndrome can result in chronic limb ischemia, causing gangrene with loss of digits or limbs. Treatment Options Conservative management relies on observation and monitoring, as mild cases of steal syndrome may resolve spontaneously. Inflow stenosis can be treated with endovascular intervention (angioplasty with or without stent) Ligation is the simplest surgical treatment, and it results in loss of the AV access. This is preferred in patients with repetitive failed salvage attempts, venous hypertension, and poor prognoses. Flow limiting procedures can address high volumes through the AV access. Banding can be performed with surgical cutdown and placement of polypropylene sutures or a Dacron patch around the vein or graft. The Minimally Invasive Limited Ligation Endoluminal-Assisted Revision (MILLER) technique employs a percutaneous endoluminal balloon inflated at the AVF to ensure consistency in diameter while banding Plication is when a side-biting running stitch is used to narrow lumen of the vein near the anastomosis. A downside of flow-limiting procedures is that it is often difficult to determine how much to narrow the AV access, as these procedures carry a risk of outflow thrombosis. There are also surgical treatments focused on reroute arterial inflow. The distal revascularization and interval ligation (DRIL) procedure involves creation of a new bypass connecting arterial segments proximal and distal to the AV anastomosis, with ligation of the native artery between the AV anastomosis and the distal anastomosis of the bypass. Reversed saphenous vein with a diameter greater than 3mm is the preferred conduit. Arm vein or prosthetic grafts can be used if needed, but prosthetic material carries higher risk of thrombosis. The new arterial bypass creates a low resistance pathway that increases flow to distal arterial beds, and interval arterial ligation eliminates retrograde flow through the distal artery. The major risk of this procedure is bypass thrombosis, which results in loss of native arterial flow and hand ischemia. Other drawbacks of DRIL include procedural difficulty with smaller arterial anastomoses, sacrifice of saphenous or arm veins, and decreased fistula flow. Another possible revision surgery is revision using distal inflow (RUDI). This procedure involves ligation of the fistula at the anastomosis and use of a conduit to connect the outflow vein to a distal artery. The selected distal artery can be the proximal radial or ulnar artery, depending on the preoperative duplex. The more dominant vessel should be spared, allowing for distal arterial beds to have uninterrupted antegrade perfusion. The nondominant vessel is used as distal inflow for the AV access. RUDI increases access length and decreases access diameter, resulting in increased resistance and lower flow volume through the fistula. Unlike DRIL, RUDI preserves native arterial flow. Thrombosis of the conduit would put the fistula at risk, rather than the native artery. The last surgical revision procedure for steal is proximalization of arterial inflow (PAI). In this procedure, the vein is ligated distal to the original anastomosis site and flow is re-established through the fistula with a PTFE interposition graft anastomosed end-to-side with the more proximal axillary artery and end-to-end with the distal vein. Similar to RUDI, PAI increases the length and decreases the diameter of the outflow conduit. Since the axillary artery has a larger diameter than the brachial artery, there is a less significant pressure drop across the arterial anastomosis site and less steal. PAI allows for preservation of native artery's continuity and does not require vein harvest. Difficulties with PAI arise when deciding the length of the interposition graft to balance AV flow with distal arterial flow. 2. Ischemic Monomelic Neuropathy Definition Ischemic monomelic neuropathy (IMN) is a rare but serious form of steal that involves nerve ischemia. Severe sensorimotor dysfunction is experienced immediately after AV access creation. Etiology IMN affects blood flow to the nerves, but not the skin or muscles because peripheral nerve fibers are more vulnerable to ischemia. Incidence and Risk Factors IMN is very rare; it has an estimated incidence of 0.1-0.5% of AV access creations.6 IMN has only been reported in brachial artery-based accesses, since the brachial artery is the sole arterial inflow for distal arteries feeding all forearm nerves. IMN is associated with diabetes, peripheral vascular disease, and preexisting peripheral neuropathy that is associated with either of the conditions. Patient Presentation Symptoms usually present rapidly, within minutes to hours after AV access creation. The most common presenting symptom is severe, constant, and deep burning pain of the distal forearm and hand. Patients also report impairment of all sensation, weakness, and hand paralysis. Diagnosis of IMN can be delayed due to misattribution of symptoms to anesthetic blockade, postoperative pain, preexisting neuropathy, a heavily bandaged arm precluding neurologic examination. Treatment Treatment is immediate ligation of the AV access. Delay in treatment will quickly result in permanent sensorimotor loss. 3. Perigraft Seroma Definition A perigraft seroma is a sterile fluid collection surrounding a vascular prosthesis and is enclosed within a pseudomembrane. Etiology and Incidence Possible etiologies include: transudative movement of fluid through the graft material, serous fluid collection from traumatized connective tissues (especially the from higher adipose tissue content in the upper arm), inhibition of fibroblast growth with associated failure of the tissue to incorporate the graft, graft “wetting” or kinking during initial operation, increased flow rates, decreased hematocrit causing oncotic pressure difference, or allergy to graft material. Seromas most commonly form at anastomosis sites in the early postoperative period. Overall seroma incidence rates after AV graft placement range from 1.7–4% and are more common in grafts placed in the upper arm (compared to the forearm) and Dacron grafts (compared to PTFE grafts).7-9 Patient Presentation and Workup Physical exam can show a subcutaneous raised palpable fluid mass Seromas can be seen with ultrasound, but it is difficult to differentiate between the types of fluid around the graft (seroma vs. hematoma vs. abscess) Indications for Treatment Seromas can lead to wound dehiscence, pressure necrosis and erosion through skin, and loss of available puncture area for hemodialysis Persistent seromas can also serve as a nidus for infection. The Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (KDOQI) guidelines10 recommend a tailored approach to seroma management, with more aggressive surgical interventions being necessary for persistent, infected-appearing, or late-developing seromas. Treatment The majority of early postoperative seromas are self-limited and tend to resolve on their own Persistent seromas have been treated using a variety of methods-- incision and evacuation of seroma, complete excision and replacement of the entire graft, and primary bypass of the involved graft segment only. Graft replacement with new material and rerouting through a different tissue plane has a higher reported cure rate and lower rate of infection than aspiration alone.9 4. Infection Incidence and Etiology The reported incidence of infection ranges 4-20% in AVG, which is significantly higher than the rate of infection of 0.56-5% in AVF.11 Infection can occur at the time of access creation (earliest presentation), after cannulation for dialysis (later infection), or secondary to another infectious source. Infection can also further complicate a pre-existing access site issue such as infection of a hematoma, thrombosed pseudoaneurysm, or seroma. Skin flora from frequent dialysis cannulations result in common pathogens being Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, or polymicrobial species. Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas are highly virulent and likely to cause anastomotic disruption. Patient Presentation and Workup Physical exam will reveal warmth, pain, swelling, erythema, induration, drainage, or pus. Occasionally, patients have nonspecific manifestations of fever or leukocytosis. Ultrasound can be used to screen for and determine the extent of graft involvement by the infection. Treatments In AV fistulas: Localized infection can usually be managed with broad spectrum antibiotics. If there are bleeding concerns or infection is seen near the anastomosis site, the fistula should be ligated and re-created in a clean field. In AV grafts: If infection is localized, partial graft excision is acceptable. Total graft excision is recommended if the infection is present throughout the entire graft, involves the anastomoses, occludes the access, or contains particularly virulent organisms Total graft excision may also be indicated if a patient develops recurrent bacteremia with no other infectious source identified. For graft excision, the venous end of the graft is removed and the vein is oversewn or ligated. If the arterial anastomosis is intact, a small cuff of the graft can be left behind and oversewn. If the arterial anastomosis is involved, the arterial wall must be debrided and ligation, reconstruction with autogenous patch angioplasty, or arterial bypass can be pursued. References 1. Morsy AH, Kulbaski M, Chen C, Isiklar H, Lumsden AB. Incidence and Characteristics of Patients with Hand Ischemia after a Hemodialysis Access Procedure. J Surg Res. 1998;74(1):8-10. doi:10.1006/jsre.1997.5206 2. Ballard JL, Bunt TJ, Malone JM. Major complications of angioaccess surgery. Am J Surg. 1992;164(3):229-232. doi:10.1016/S0002-9610(05)81076-1 3. Valentine RJ, Bouch CW, Scott DJ, et al. Do preoperative finger pressures predict early arterial steal in hemodialysis access patients? A prospective analysis. J Vasc Surg. 2002;36(2):351-356. doi:10.1067/mva.2002.125848 4. Malik J, Tuka V, Kasalova Z, et al. Understanding the Dialysis access Steal Syndrome. A Review of the Etiologies, Diagnosis, Prevention and Treatment Strategies. J Vasc Access. 2008;9(3):155-166. doi:10.1177/112972980800900301 5. Sidawy AN, Gray R, Besarab A, et al. Recommended standards for reports dealing with arteriovenous hemodialysis accesses. J Vasc Surg. 2002;35(3):603-610. doi:10.1067/mva.2002.122025 6. Thermann F, Kornhuber M. Ischemic Monomelic Neuropathy: A Rare but Important Complication after Hemodialysis Access Placement - a Review. J Vasc Access. 2011;12(2):113-119. doi:10.5301/JVA.2011.6365 7. Dauria DM, Dyk P, Garvin P. Incidence and Management of Seroma after Arteriovenous Graft Placement. J Am Coll Surg. 2006;203(4):506-511. doi:10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2006.06.002 8. Gargiulo NJ, Veith FJ, Scher LA, Lipsitz EC, Suggs WD, Benros RM. Experience with covered stents for the management of hemodialysis polytetrafluoroethylene graft seromas. J Vasc Surg. 2008;48(1):216-217. doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2008.01.046 9. Blumenberg RM, Gelfand ML, Dale WA. Perigraft seromas complicating arterial grafts. Surgery. 1985;97(2):194-204. 10. Lok CE, Huber TS, Lee T, et al. KDOQI Clinical Practice Guideline for Vascular Access: 2019 Update. Am J Kidney Dis. 2020;75(4):S1-S164. doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2019.12.001 11. Padberg FT, Calligaro KD, Sidawy AN. Complications of arteriovenous hemodialysis access: Recognition and management. J Vasc Surg. 2008;48(5):S55-S80. doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2008.08.067

Panela de Teflon faz mal? #112

Aprenda em 5 Minutos

Play Episode Listen Later Dec 19, 2024 9:01

Nunca me esqueço da bronca que levei da minha mãe quando fui preparar uma receita com ovos, usei uma colher de metal e arranhei a panela de Teflon INTEIRINHA. Acho até que ela jogou fora, tadinha. Com certeza comi omelete com micropartículas dessa substância que é apontada como perigosa por uma série de reportagens, documentários, filmes e afins. Mas, afinal, quais são os riscos de se usar uma panela de Teflon? De que maneira você pode continuar com a sua sem expor sua família a algum perigo? Aliás, de que perigo a gente tá falando mesmo? Nesse episódio respondo essas e outras perguntas, além de contar pra você o histórico e algumas curiosidades sobre essa substância tão presente nas cozinhas mundo afora. ======================== APRENDA EM 5 MINUTOS é o podcast sobre coisas que você nem sabia que queria saber. Os episódios são roteirizados e apresentados por Alvaro Leme. Jornalista, mestre e doutorando em Ciências da Comunicação na ECA-USP e criador de conteúdo há vinte anos, ele traz episódios sobre curiosidades dos mais variados tipos. São episódios curtos, quase sempre com 5 minutos — mas alguns passam disso, porque tem tema que precisa mesmo de mais um tempinho. Use o cupom ALVINO, na evino, ganhe 10% de desconto nas suas compras e ajude o APRENDA EM 5 MINUTOS a se manter no ar Pesquisa e assistência de roteiro: Jenny Perossi Edição dos episódios em vídeo: André Glasner http://instagram.com/andreglasner Direção de arte: Dorien Barretto https://www.instagram.com/dorienbarretto66/ Fotografia: Daniela Toviansky https://www.instagram.com/dtoviansky/ Narração da vinheta: Mônica Marli https://www.instagram.com/monicamarli/ Siga o APRENDA no Instagram: http://instagram.com/aprendavideocast http://instagram.com/alvaroleme Comercial e parcerias: contato@alvaroleme.com.br ====================== Quer saber mais? Confira as fontes que consultei enquanto criava o episódio - Teflon: o que é, como é feito e possíveis perigos Por Júlia Assef, eCycle - O que é PTFE? Características, produtos e aplicações Site Processo Industrial - A verdade sobre o Teflon Por Paulo César Teixeira e Leonardo Pujol, Superinteressante - Teflon: o que é, benefícios, como limpar e conservar Ypê - Panela antiaderente: um único arranhão pode liberar milhões de partículas tóxicas, diz estudo O Globo - Panela de teflon pode fazer mal à saúde? Degusta Terra

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The Accidental Discovery That Gave Us ‘Forever Chemicals' | A Pregnancy Play Inspired By Mushroom Research

Science Friday

Play Episode Listen Later Dec 17, 2024 19:38

The Accidental Discovery That Gave Us ‘Forever Chemicals'When it comes to PFAS chemicals—known as “forever chemicals”—we often hear that they're used in nonstick coatings, flame retardants, and stain repellants. But those examples can hide the truth of just how widespread their use has been in modern life.A new season of the “Hazard NJ” podcast looks at the origin story of PFAS chemicals, and the accidental discovery of PTFE—aka Teflon—in a DuPont laboratory in southern New Jersey. “Hazard NJ” host Jordan Gass-Pooré joins guest host Kathleen Davis to talk about the history of PFAS, their effect on the environment and health of New Jersey residents, and work towards cleaning up the PFAS mess.A Play About Pregnancy Inspired By Mushroom ResearchPeople are finding all sorts of uses for mushrooms these days, but we're going to focus on two of them: how scientists are using them in robots and how playwrights are using them in theater. A few weeks ago, SciFri producer and host of our “Universe of Art” podcast D Peterschmidt moderated a panel at the Science In Theater Festival in Brooklyn, New York.The festival is put on by a company called Transforma Theatre that stages science-inspired plays. Each year, they pair playwrights with scientists to make short plays that explore the research focus of the scientist.Director and playwright Hannah Simms was paired with Dr. Andrew Adamatzky, a professor of unconventional computing, who's learning how to connect various parts of nature, like mushrooms, to computers, and consulted with Hannah during the writing process. The play, called “Fruiting Body,” is about a fungal-computing scientist who, while pregnant, creates a fetal heart monitor powered by mycelium, which turns out to be sentient. While the concept is definitely science fiction, it is based on real unconventional mushroom research.D talks with Hannah to learn why she wanted to explore her pregnancy through the lens of mushroom research. They're also joined by Dr. Anand Mishra, a research associate at Cornell University's department of mechanical and aerospace engineering, who explains how he helped build a robot that's powered by king oyster mushroom mycelium.Transcript for this segment will be available after the show airs on sciencefriday.com. Subscribe to this podcast. Plus, to stay updated on all things science, sign up for Science Friday's newsletters.

From Rust to Resilience: How to Protect Your Padlocks Against Coastal Challenges

Bonkers About Beach Huts

Play Episode Listen Later Oct 6, 2024 13:26

Natalie delves into the often-overlooked topic of beach hut padlock maintenance. She begins by dispelling myths about padlock coverings and emphasizes the importance of protecting these essential security devices from harsh coastal conditions. Listeners will learn about selecting the right marine-grade padlocks, effective cleaning techniques, and the best lubricants to ensure smooth operation. Natalie also shares DIY methods for environmental protection and offers tips for handling keys to prevent damage. With practical advice on tackling common padlock problems like rust and stiffness. KEY TAKEAWAYS Choose the Right Padlock: Opt for a marine-grade padlock made from non-corrosive materials, and aim for a high-security rating (CEN rating of 3 or higher) to ensure durability against coastal conditions. Regular Maintenance is Essential: Clean your padlock every few months to remove dirt, grime, and rust. Use a soft cloth or brush for surface cleaning and pressurized air for the interior to prevent wear on the locking mechanism. Proper Lubrication: Use graphite powder or PTFE-based lubricants instead of oil-based products like WD-40, which can leave a residue that attracts dust. Environmental Protection: Protect your padlock from harsh weather conditions by using DIY methods like covering it with a plastic bottle or neoprene case. Address Problems Promptly: If you notice rust, stiffness, or unusual noises from your padlock, take immediate action to clean, lubricate, and maintain it. Regular care can significantly extend the lifespan and functionality of your padlock. BEST MOMENTS "This is not done to keep padlocks warm and cosy. No, this is a Hutter's trick to protect their padlocks from the elements." "You can use a plastic water bottle... or my preferred is using a neoprene glasses case. Hear me out." "If you notice any rust on the padlock, try and clean it as soon as you can. This will prevent further corrosion and damage to the locking mechanism." "Optimal padlock maintenance starts with a regular cleaning. And if you do it often, it's an easy peasy job." "We ask an awful lot of our padlocks. The coastal environment is harsh with sand, sea air, salt water, rain, snow and even storms." HOST BIO My name is Natalie Young. I bought a beach hut to bring joy into my life after escaping an abusive relationship and a difficult divorce. Based in Christchurch, Dorset, my beach hut is affectionally called the Salty Seagull and is located on Friars Cliff beach with sea views to the Needles on the Isle of White. It is my slice of heaven. Owning and hiring a beach hut is more complicated than I realized and I am on a constant mission to discover the best ways to manage and care for your hut. I have researched the pros and cons of renting and the best ways to market and host. The beach, the sights, and the sounds of the sea bring me huge joy. I hope this podcast will bring you smiles, laughter, and joy too! https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=61559730024536&sk=about https://www.linkedin.com/company/103555627/admin/feed/posts/?feedType=following PODCAST DESCRIPTION Welcome to the Bonkers about Beach Huts podcast, the show that's all about beach huts! Whether you are thinking of buying a beach hut and don't know where to begin or if you have had a beach hut in your family for generations this podcast is for you. As I travel across the UK exploring these coastal retreats and sharing personal stories of how the humble beach hut has shaped lives, I will also be creating the UK's first beach hut map. I will give tips on where and how to buy a beach hut. And share everything you need to know about beach hut maintenance plus advice on hiring a beach hut. We will be chatting with special guests from estate agents to lock specialists, beach hut associations to beach hut builders, and artists to interior designers. If you don't know what all the fuss is about, join us every week and you too will become a little bit Bonkers Bbout Beach Huts.

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The Gary Null Show 10.4.24

The Gary Null Show

Play Episode Listen Later Oct 4, 2024 57:47

HEALTH NEWS · Adding beans and pulses can lead to improved shortfall nutrient intakes and a higher diet quality in American adults · Antioxidant-rich diet could help lower risk of infertility in women, new study suggests · High levels of microplastics found in prostate tumors, possibly linked to take-out food · Study finds microplastics in semen and urine, linking PTFE exposure to lower sperm count · Milk thistle compound shows promise as cancer therapy · Common consumer product chemicals now tied to cardiac electrical changes

4 Types of Toxic Cookware to Avoid and 4 Safe Alternatives

Bright Side

Play Episode Listen Later Sep 5, 2024 12:47

We all know the importance of eating healthy, but not everyone knows that the cookware you use to prepare your dishes is just as important as the food itself. Even the healthiest diet can result in severe health problems if your pots and pans are toxic. Find out which cookware you should avoid by all means for the sake of your own health and the health of your family. The non-stick properties of Teflon cookware are achieved with a coating of PTFE. This is a plastic polymer that, when heated above 572°F, starts to release toxins. These toxic fumes lead to flu-like symptoms called polymer fume fever, informally known as Teflon flu. Another chemical compound found in Teflon cookware is especially threatening since it tends to stay in the body (as well as in the environment) for long periods of time. Try cast-iron cookware instead. It even comes in non-stick varieties. It doesn't leak anything toxic into your food and is actually a nice natural way to increase your body's iron levels. Though aluminum cookware is usually coated, the coating is prone to chipping, allowing the toxic metal to get right into your food. As for aluminum foil, using it while cooking is even more dangerous. In fact, there's an established safe amount of aluminum the human body can manage daily, and that's 20 mg per pound of body weight a day. When you wrap your food in aluminum foil and cook it this way, the amount of this substance that leaks into the food significantly exceeds the permissible level. Consider using glass cookware instead. If you've just enjoyed some fish in lemon juice or stewed tomatoes cooked in an uncoated copper pot and you find yourself suffering from extremely unpleasant symptoms (such as vomiting blood, light-headedness, yellowy skin, or gastrointestinal distress, among others) call 911 immediately. Try this safe alternative instead: stainless steel. Just make sure you're buying food-grade stainless steel since this is the only type that doesn't contain any nickel or chromium. Soft ceramic coating isn't durable enough and starts chipping after a few months of daily use. When this happens, lead and cadmium sometimes found in the coating will end up in your food and, thus, in your body. Lead poisoning is one of the most dangerous types of metal poisoning and can result in abdominal pain, headaches, infertility, and other health complications. Try this safe alternative instead: 100% ceramic cookware. TIMESTAMPS Teflon cookware 0:38 Aluminum cookware and aluminum foil 3:31 Copper cookware 5:12 Ceramic-coated cookware 6:54 Subscribe to Bright Side : https://goo.gl/rQTJZz ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Our Social Media: Facebook: / brightside Instagram: / brightgram 5-Minute Crafts Youtube: https://www.goo.gl/8JVmuC ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- For more videos and articles visit: http://www.brightside.me/ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

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Green-ify your Lube Section

NBDA: Bicycle Retail Radio

Play Episode Listen Later Aug 20, 2024 35:54

Send us a Text Message.Our guest today is Checo Diaz, CEO and Founder of Gear Hugger. Founded in 2020, Gear Hugger is a Multipurpose Lubricant, a plant-powered petroleum-, fossil fuel-, and PTFE-free multipurpose lubricant. Did you know that 40% of the chemicals that you put on your bike end up in the ground?Gear Hugger cleans, lubricates and protects without harming the planet. In today's episode we chat about State of the lubrication industry, Sustainability, and why offering riders choices that protect the planet-showcase your commitment to positive impact.Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/gearhuggerLinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/gear-hugger/Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Gearhugger Support the Show.

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Ep. 85 L'annosa questione delle pentole e dei PFAS

Leggero ma non troppo

Play Episode Listen Later Jul 18, 2024 12:57

Per approfondire:Scientific opinion EFSAToxicological evaluation of thermal degradation products of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE): a review” Hiroshi Nakayama, et al., Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 2019Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the environment and their relevance to humans” David Q. Andrews, Olga V. Naidenko, Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts, 2020“Health effects of exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA)” Philippe Grandjean, Richard Clapp, Environmental Health Perspectives, 2020FIAC

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The Art of Catheter Secondary Processing

processing secondary iso cnc sales engineers catheter ptfe

Play Episode Listen Later Jun 10, 2024 19:31

In this episode, we are thrilled to host Brooke Gove, a Sales Engineer at Rose Medical, a leading ISO 13485 certified contract manufacturing company specializing in custom medical devices and catheters. For more information on Rose Medical, go to www.rosemedical.com. Brooke provides an in-depth look into Rose Medical's journey from its founding in 1998 as a tip forming machine builder to becoming a comprehensive contract manufacturer with advanced capabilities in CNC machining, injection molding, and laser processing. She then explanes the intricate processes behind catheter tip forming, including unique shapes and geometries, and shares examples of their capabilities. Steve and Brooke also explore the secondary processing of PTFE, highlighting the challenges and innovative solutions Rose Medical has developed to enhance design possibilities. Additionally, Brooke will cover the importance of high-quality extrusions in secondary operations and introduce us to Rose Medical's state-of-the-art laser processing facility, detailing their capabilities in laser marking, welding, and fiber laser processing of hypotubes. Host/ Producer: Steve Maxson | Innovation & Business Development Manager | US ExtrudersGuest: Brooke Gove | Sales Engineer | Rose MedicalAnnouncer: Bill Kramer | President | US ExtrudersEditor/ Original Music: Eric Adair | Marketing/ Business Development | US ExtrudersFor video episodes visit www.us-extruders.com/podcasts

Canine Guidance vs Group Function – Does it Matter?! – PDP182

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 4, 2024 54:58

When we studied occlusion at Dental School, our textbooks forced the idea of having dots at the back and lines at the front. We are continually told about CR and how to manage patients into canine guidance, but does this all work in practice? Today we dive into the best way to approach occlusion cases with our patients, keeping in mind that there is no such thing as a silver bullet to treatment. Join Jaz and Dr Michael Melkers in this podcast to learn how it may just be time to throw away the textbooks and begin writing your own conclusions on occlusion… try saying that ten times quickly. https://youtu.be/3Sk1paKW8d0 Watch PDP182 in Youtube Dental Pearl Using PTFE in the dental sulcus offers a better seal compared to cord, functioning like a dam to keep the area free of gingival fluid, ideal for Class 5 restorations. However, PTFE may stick to instruments, which can be mitigated by moistening the instrument with water or saliva before positioning the PTFE, significantly lowering the likelihood of sticking. Check out Dr Melkers and Dr Lane Ochi LIVE IN LONDON on 27 and 28 July! Highlights of the Episode 00:00 Intro 02:05 The Protrusive Dental Pearl 02:52 Dr. Michael Melkers 02:53 Mentoring Journeys: AES and Beyond04:04 Foundational Influences: Splint + Occlusion Mastery 04:30 Fear of Failure: A Dentist's Drive05:25 Early Beginnings: Lab Tech to Dental degree 06:00 Avoiding Full Mouth Rehab: A Dental Mission.07:20 Homage to a Mentor: The Positive Impact 07:25 Group Function Vs Canine Guidance08:00 Beyond textbooks: real-World Dental Challenges 09:00 Encouragement to Question: A lesson in Bravery 10:16 Chasing Perfection: A dental dilemma 12:00 Masters of Occlusion: Group Function Insights 14:31 Past as Prologue: Learning from destruction 15:10 Pain Points: Focusing on the At-Risk Patients 16:53 Smooth Transitions: The Ideal of Disclusion 18:30 Occlusal Schemes: Debunking the Malocclusion Myth20:20 CR Reconsidered: The Healthy Majority 22:44 Diagnostic Vision: Seeing Beyond Occlusion 25:15 Rebuilding with Purpose: Beyond Aesthetics 34:35 Appropriate vs Ideal: A New treatment Paradigm 47:00 Key to Dental Success Access the CPD quiz through our app on https://www.protrusive.app, either on your browser or by downloading our mobile app. For the full educational experience, our Ultimate Education Plan gives you access to all our courses, webinars, and exclusive monthly content. If you liked this episode please feel free to check out episode PDP160 - Fremitus and Occlusal Overload – Dental Occlusion Geekiness

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High Lubricity Multi Layer Catheter Tubing

Play Episode Listen Later Jan 22, 2024 23:02

Our guest this episode is Basker Lalgudi, Business Manager – High Performance Polymers for Medical Devices at Evonik Corporation. We explore the cutting-edge co-extrusion and reflow processes that have led to the development of bondable VESTAMID PEBA directly adhering to Daikin's EFEP material, creating two-layer structures with low friction inner layers and bondable PEBA outer layers. The result is a game-changer, eliminating the need for adhesives or surface activation processes, ensuring strong adhesion, and minimizing the risk of delamination during surgical procedures. We also delve into the world of EFEP, a low friction alternative to PTFE, and its impressive mechanical properties. Join us for this informative episode as we unravel the science behind medical device manufacturing, discussing everything from material compatibility to sterilization processes. To learn more about Bondable VESTAMID® Care PEBA for multi-layer catheters go to https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q7eb1vRCSc8&t=2s Evonik is one of the world's leading specialty chemicals companies. While they don't produce electric cars, aircraft, medications or 3D printers, Evonik is part and parcel of these and many other end products. That's because they contribute the small things that make a big difference. They make electric car batteries perform better, aircraft greener, medications more effective and 3D printers more efficient. In short: They think beyond the bounds of chemistry to make the world a better place.To learn more visit, www.evonik.com Host/ Producer: Steve Maxson | Innovation & Business Development Manager | US ExtrudersGuest: Basker Lalgudi | Business Manager | EvonikAnnouncer: Bill Kramer | President | US ExtrudersEditor/ Original Music: Eric Adair | Marketing Manager | US ExtrudersFor video episodes visit www.us-extruders.com/podcasts

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Mastering Product Data in Digital Transformation for the Chemical Industry with Ali Amin-Javaheri of Knowde - Ep 140

Play Episode Listen Later Dec 5, 2023 32:50

There's a significant evolution in consumer behavior and chemical industry priorities. Digitizing complex chemical data from unstructured documents to provide a more accessible online format raises an intriguing question - how can we leverage technology to reshape customer engagement and the overall landscape of customer interactions within the chemical industry? Exploring these challenges and opportunities in digitizing complex chemical data for customer understanding and engagement, host Victoria Meyer welcomes Ali Amin-Javaheri, co-founder and CEO of Knowde, for an insightful discussion on the digital transformation of the chemical industry. Victoria and Ali delve into the intersection of technology, sustainability, and customer relationships, offering valuable insights into the evolving landscape of ESG reporting, digital investments, and the potential for reshaping customer engagement in the chemical industry.Killer Quote: "Digitization in the chemical industry is not just about transforming data; it's about transforming relationships." - Ali Amin-JavaheriJoin us to learn more about the following this week: Creating a compelling a customer experience through accelerating digitization Biggest barriers to digitization within chemical companies and chemical industry leaders Organizing data through AI Overcoming the loss of customer intimacy through digitization How can digitization support a company's sustainability journey? With a passion for both technology and the chemical industry, Ali observed the lack of digital transformation and revenue within the industry, leading him to launch Knowde in 2016. Knowde's mission is to fast-track the digital revolution in the chemical industry, addressing the challenge of translating complex chemical data from documents into an accessible online format.This episode is sponsored by Clariant. Are you grappling with the lightning pace of regulatory and compliance changes in the printing inks industry? Do you want to know more about PFAS, supply chain transparency and extended producer responsibility? Check out Episode 137 of The Chemical Show to learn about PTFE-free solutions with Clariant and NAPIM. ***Don't miss an episode: Subscribe to The Chemical Show on your favorite podcast player. ***Like what you hear? Leave a rating and review.***Want more insights? Sign up for our email list at www.thechemicalshow.com. Wondering how we produce our podcast? Transistor.fm is our podcast publisher of choice. Try it for free here: https://transistor.fm/?via=victoria We use CastMagic.io to create ShowNotes, Newsletters, Social Media posts and more. Check it out here: https://get.castmagic.io/ean5etivmzi1 We use Descript to edit and transcribe each podcast episode. Follow this link to learn more: https://www.descript.com/?lmref=DdZ2MA This episode is brought to you by Alberta's Industrial Heartland. Alberta's Industrial Heartland is a global destination for industrial facilities that want to achieve their economic and environmental goals. Learn more at industrialheartland.com or connect with them on LinkedIn.

Revolutionizing Crop Protection Chemistries with Tom Meade of Enko Chem - Ep 139

Play Episode Listen Later Nov 28, 2023 32:14

In collaboration with industry giants and support from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Enko Chem is revolutionizing the agricultural industry by accelerating the development of safer and more effective herbicides, disease protection, insect control, and yield enhancement solutions. Tom Meade, Chief Science Officer at Enko Chem joins host Victoria Meyer on The Chemical Show to share insights on their target-based discovery platform, the importance of data in their research, and the challenges and advantages of integrating DNA and chemistry.Killer Quote: "In order to revolutionize crop protection chemistries, we need to embrace the power of data, technology, and collaboration. By combining these elements, we can accelerate the development of safe and effective solutions that address the challenges facing our agriculture industry." - Tom MeadeJoin us to learn more about the following this week: Chemistry's key role in global agricultural industry, food security, and crop protection Target based discovery in agricultural , leveraging techniques built in pharma Utilizing data and AI in the agricultural industry The role of regulators including EPA and USDA in AgChem Prioritizing safety in agricultural innovation In this episode, Victoria and Tom delve into Enko's mission to shorten the development timeline for crop protection chemistries while exploring the challenges and advantages of their target-based discovery platform, which aims to identify specific targets for herbicides and pesticides. Tom also shares the importance of data in Enko's research and development process, as well as their use of automated systems and machine learning models. This episode is sponsored by Clariant. Are you grappling with the lightning pace of regulatory and compliance changes in the printing inks industry? Do you want to know more about PFAS, supply chain transparency and extended producer responsibility? Check out Episode 137 of The Chemical Show to learn about PTFE-free solutions with Clariant and NAPIM. ***Don't miss an episode: Subscribe to The Chemical Show on your favorite podcast player. ***Like what you hear? Leave a rating and review.***Want more insights? Sign up for our email list at www.thechemicalshow.com. Wondering how we produce our podcast? Transistor.fm is our podcast publisher of choice. Try it for free here: https://transistor.fm/?via=victoria We use CastMagic.io to create ShowNotes, Newsletters, Social Media posts and more. Check it out here: https://get.castmagic.io/ean5etivmzi1 We use Descript to edit and transcribe each podcast episode. Follow this link to learn more: https://www.descript.com/?lmref=DdZ2MA

Cash Management: Insights from 3rd Quarter 2023 Chemical Industry Earnings Reports - Ep 138

Play Episode Listen Later Nov 21, 2023 20:51

Ep 138 Show NotesWeak demand, weak earnings, and a weak outlook were the resounding themes across the chemical companies' earnings reports in the third quarter, 2023. Inventory de-stocking and lower prices have continued to impact the industry, leading to challenging market conditions.In this episode of The Chemical Show, host Victoria Meyer reflects on the third quarter 2023 earnings reports in the chemical industry. She discusses the challenges faced by companies, such as weak demand, lower earnings, and inventory de-stocking, as well as the actions they are taking to respond to the market conditions. Killer Quote: "2023 has been a challenging year, much more so than we expected at the beginning of the year.” Victoria MeyerJoin us to learn more about the following this week: Breaking down 3Q23 Earnings Reports How earnings reports are interpreted Keyword of third quarter earnings reports is “Weak”: weak demand, weak earnings, and weak outlook Inventory and forecasting continue to be a challenge Compression in buy-sell cycle Strategies companies are using to manage their balance sheets Focus on cash generation through commercial discipline Expectations for Q423 Lessons learned from industry leaders Victoria highlights the importance of commercial discipline, continued investment in strategic projects, and the recognition and optimization of high-value products. She also touches on the need for better forecasting and communication between suppliers and customers. Additional Links:Episode 118: Unpacking 2Q23 Chemical Earnings: Sluggish Economies, Inventory Destocking, and Future OutlooksGrace Matthews Fall OutlookEp 120: Commercial Discipline: Unlocking Business Resilience in Challenging TimesThis episode is sponsored by Clariant. Are you grappling with the lightning pace of regulatory and compliance changes in the printing inks industry? Do you want to know more about PFAS, supply chain transparency and extended producer responsibility? Check out Episode 137 of The Chemical Show to learn about PTFE-free solutions with Clariant and NAPIM. ***Don't miss an episode: Subscribe to The Chemical Show on your favorite podcast player. ***Like what you hear? Leave a rating and review.***Want more insights? Sign up for our email list at www.thechemicalshow.com. Wondering how we produce our podcast? Transistor.fm is our podcast publisher of choice. Try it for free here: https://transistor.fm/?via=victoria We use CastMagic.io to create ShowNotes, Newsletters, Social Media posts and more. Check it out here: https://get.castmagic.io/ean5etivmzi1 We use Descript to edit and transcribe each podcast episode. Follow this link to learn more: https://www.descript.com/?lmref=DdZ2MA

PTFE

Health Resolution - HERO

Play Episode Listen Later Nov 18, 2023 58:27

Seit geraumer Zeit gibt es Küchenutensilien, die uns das Kochen + Backen erleichtern sollen. Pfannen und Töpfe mit einer speziellen Fluor-Beschichtung, die verhindert, dass der Marmorkuchen beim herauslösen an der Form kleben bleibt und den Nachmittag ruiniert. Was ist diese Beschichtung, wo gibt es sie im Alltag noch, wer hat sie eingeführt und warum ist das ein immenses Problem für unsere Gesundheit?

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Exploring PTFE-Free Solutions in Printing Inks: Perspectives from Ray Gonzales of Clariant and George Fuchs of NAPIM Ep 137

Play Episode Listen Later Nov 14, 2023 33:23

The printing inks industry is undergoing a significant transformation, with a growing focus on environmental sustainability and regulatory compliance. In this Episode of The Chemical Show, Host Victoria Meyer welcomes Ray Gonzales, Global Head of Marketing and Business Development for Clariant and George Fuchs, Director of Regulatory Affairs for National Association of Printing Ink Manufacturers, otherwise known as NAPIM to discuss these topics and more. Discover how Clariant and NAPIM are navigating the changing regulations in the printing inks market and exploring alternative solutions and the quest for transparency. Victoria, George, and Ray discuss the importance of achieving supply chain transparency and the collaborative efforts between companies like Clariant and industry associations like NAPIM to find safer and more sustainable solutions in the printing inks market. Killer Quote: "The ink industry is rapidly evolving, and it's crucial for us to find sustainable alternatives to PTFE. Our collaboration with companies like Clariant is instrumental in achieving this goal and ensuring the safety and environmental friendliness of our ink formulations." - George Fuchs, NAPIMJoin us to learn more about the following this week: The rapidly evolving printing inks market How regulation and customer demand influences the printing inks markets Reporting, transparency, and supply chain transparency in the printing inks industry R&D's role in material replacements for PFAS in ink systems Navigating global regulations in the printing inks industry Looking forward in the printing inks industry Victoria, along with Ray and George, delve into the complex world of printing inks, exploring the challenges and opportunities of finding safer alternatives to chemicals like PTFE, navigating the ever-changing regulatory landscape, and striving for greater supply chain transparency. ***Don't miss an episode: Subscribe to The Chemical Show on your favorite podcast player. ***Like what you hear? Leave a rating and review.***Want more insights? Sign up for our email list at www.thechemicalshow.com. Wondering how we produce our podcast? Transistor.fm is our podcast publisher of choice. Try it here: https://transistor.fm/?via=victoria We use CastMagic.io to create ShowNotes, Newsletters, Social Media posts and more. Check it out here: https://get.castmagic.io/ean5etivmzi1 We use Descript to edit and transcribe each podcast episode. Follow this link to learn more: https://www.descript.com/?lmref=DdZ2MA

Fremitus and Occlusal Overload – Dental Occlusion Geekiness – PDP160

Play Episode Listen Later Sep 13, 2023 41:50

Ever heard of fremitus? Wondering what it really means for your patient's occlusion? In this episode we're joined again by Dr. Mahmoud Ibrahim, by popular demand, for an insightful discussion on dental fremitus. We understand that this topic can be a bit perplexing, so we're here to break it down step by step. https://youtu.be/LFZ4Uh0Y8sI Watch PDP160 on Youtube We share how we seamlessly integrate a fremitus check into an occlusal assessment, discussing the crucial aspects of when and how to intervene effectively, all while preserving your patient's chewing space. Check out our upcoming webinar “Unchippable” to learn about how to prevent chips and breaks on your lovely anterior composite restorations – protrusive.co.uk/unchippable 'Weakest Link' study that Jaz and Mahmoud referred to: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08869634.2000.11746142 The Awake Bruxism (habit breaking) appliance that Jaz uses called MAPA. More about Fremitus, how it's classified and occlusal trauma. Follow Dr. Ibrahim on Instagram @drmoidental Want to learn more about Occlusion? Head over to occlusion.online. Need to Read it? Check out the Full Episode Transcript below! Highlights of the episode:00:00 Intro00:39 The Protrusive Dental Pearl04:17 Dr. Mahmoud Ibrahim05:17 Mobility vs fremitus08:26 What is fremitus?09:52 The PDL12:54 The weakest link theory16:21 Checking for fremitus17:19 Class 1 fremitus21:57 Class 2 and 3 fremitus23:03 Treatment27:24 Envelope of function29:21 Orthodontic treatment36:34 Final remarks39:44 Outro If you liked this episode, you will also like PDP150 - Occlusion on Class IV Composite Restorations Did you know? You can get CPD from the Web App or Phone App and watch premium clinical videos, for less than a tax deductible Nando's per month? Click below for full episode transcript: Jaz's Introduction: Fremitus is this strange thing when your patient bites together and you feel, or you see a tooth move out of the way, classically a front tooth, right? It's a sign of Occlusal Overload. And in this episode, we're going to talk everything related to Fremitus with my good friend, Dr. Mahmoud Ibrahim. Jaz's Introduction:Hello, Protruserati. I'm Jaz Gulati, and welcome back to another Protrusive Dental Podcast episode. If you're new to the podcast, welcome. Thanks so much for joining us. And if you're a veteran Protruserati, thanks for coming time and time again. We hope to make complex topics in dentistry tangible for you. Protrusive Dental PearlBefore we join the main interview with Dr. Mahmoud Ibrahim, I'm going to give you the Protrusive Dental Pearl, which I always do for every main PDP episode. Today's Protrusive Pearl relates to cramp operations, and in particular, getting better impressions or scans. Look, once you've placed the retraction cord, and I know many people like to use things like Expasyl or Traxodent, which are like the pace systems. I quite like using retraction chords and also in combination with PTFE tape, especially as I do lots of vertical preparations or VertiPreps. Now I have got lots of webinars planned in October. As part of the live series I'm doing for the Protruserati, the premium subscribers, it's going to be VertiPrep for Plonkers. So that's coming soon. And one of the strategies I use to be able to scan subgingivally is once I've got my triple zero cord in place, I will put some PTFE tape over that. But sometimes what can happen is that the gingiva it sulks, right? It sulks on to the PTFE and sometimes even contacts the prep. So when I scan it because the tissues because the gums are touching the preparation it creates a nightmare scenario for my technician who wants that gingiva well out of the way So at that point the pearl the tip i'm giving you is if you've got a laser, fine. Great. Use a laser. If you've got any fancy burrs, use them. But the cheapest thing you can buy is something called a Thermocut Bur.

2752: Psoriasis & Food Allergy Test, Root Cause For Moles, BCAAs, Dental Work & PTFE, Garlic & Bacteria (HouseCall)

The Cabral Concept

Play Episode Listen Later Aug 19, 2023 22:46

Welcome back to our weekend Cabral HouseCall shows! This is where we answer our community's wellness, weight loss, and anti-aging questions to help people get back on track! Check out today's questions: Kerri: Hi Dr Cabral, love your podcast! I am curious. I have psoriasis and I am wondering if I should do a food allergy test. How accurate are the tests and what test would you recommend if not the food allergy? Thank you soo much! Bryana: Hi Dr. Cabral. I was wondering if there was any science/reason behind moles and why people get some or get many. I feel like as I've gotten older I've gotten more and more and wish there was a way to get rid of them. Besides sun exposure is there a cause or deficiency of some sort? And are there any ways to get rid of them? Thanks so much for all you do. Audrey: Hi Dr. Cabral! 2 questions here: 1. I listened to your podcast on branch chain amino acids found in food. I wanted your opinion on supplementing with it. I know EquiLife does not carry them so was just curious why. 2. I've been hearing lots of conflicting evidence that taking collagen does not work. Can you explain how collagen actually benefits the body? Thanks so much! Alicja: Hi Dr.Cabral, I have a question related to my teeth. I pulled out teeth that had root canals done and now I have zirconia implants instead. For the first implant my dentist used cement to attached the crown and I stopped sleeping for a month after that. For the second implant - to avoid cement, he used a screw and plumbers tape. My sleep stayed good, but I started getting daily headaches. I googled plumbers tape and it turns out it's "teflon tape" made from PTFE! (my mind was blown!) My headaches went away after 2 weeks, but I can't make peace with the teflon tape. Do you think it's safe to have it as long as there is no high heat? I like using infrared sauna a few times per week (heats up to 145F) At what temp. does PTFE releases harmful chemicals? Should I replace the tape with cement? Alicja: Hi again, my second question is about garlic. Raw garlic is one of the remedies I use when I get sick. Despite lower appetite and eating very little during sickness, I usually get more bloating and lot's of white coating on my tongue. Garlic is called "natural antibiotic" because it can kill bacteria and other pathogens, but it also is reach in prebiotic, right? So it means it can feed bacteria. Which one is it then? Does garlic feed bacteria, or kills them? Thank you for all your amazing work! I listen to your podcast daily and learn so much from you. Thank you for tuning into today's Cabral HouseCall and be sure to check back tomorrow where we answer more of our community's questions! - - - Show Notes and Resources: StephenCabral.com/2752 - - - Get a FREE Copy of Dr. Cabral's Book: The Rain Barrel Effect - - - Join the Community & Get Your Questions Answered: CabralSupportGroup.com - - - Dr. Cabral's Most Popular At-Home Lab Tests: > Complete Minerals & Metals Test (Test for mineral imbalances & heavy metal toxicity) - - - > Complete Candida, Metabolic & Vitamins Test (Test for 75 biomarkers including yeast & bacterial gut overgrowth, as well as vitamin levels) - - - > Complete Stress, Mood & Metabolism Test (Discover your complete thyroid, adrenal, hormone, vitamin D & insulin levels) - - - > Complete Food Sensitivity Test (Find out your hidden food sensitivities) - - - > Complete Omega-3 & Inflammation Test (Discover your levels of inflammation related to your omega-6 to omega-3 levels) - - - Get Your Question Answered On An Upcoming HouseCall: StephenCabral.com/askcabral - - - Would You Take 30 Seconds To Rate & Review The Cabral Concept? The best way to help me spread our mission of true natural health is to pass on the good word, and I read and appreciate every review!

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Season 1 Finale: Follow Up with Joe Rowan of Junkosha

Last Chair: The Ski Utah Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Jul 12, 2023 18:43

In the season 1 finale, Steve Maxson and Joe Rowan, Junkosha, sit down for a follow up on the availability PTFE Liners and FEP heat shrink tubing. Listen in as they share valuable insights on the supply chain and expansion activities, while also shedding light on some of the new developments at Junkosha – including their Innovator of the Year Award.Junkosha are pioneers of fluoropolymer-based technologies across many sectors including microwave interconnect and medical devices. This includes thin wall etched PTFE liners and peelable FEP heat shrink tubing for medical devices. Junkosha has three operations in Japan, including their headquarters as well as sites in the US, UK and China.For more information, visit https://www.junkosha.com/en Host: Steve Maxson | Innovation & Business Development Manager | US Extruders Guest : Joe Rowan | Advisor | Junkosha Announcer: Bill Kramer | President | US Extruders Producer/ Editor/ Original Music: Eric Adair | Marketing Manager | US ExtruderFor video episodes visit www.us-extruders.com/podcasts

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Episode 86: Lantern Rings & Their Role With Pumps

Pumps & Systems Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Jun 9, 2023 19:35

Cody Kauffman of SEPCO joins the podcast to talk about lantern rings and their role with pumps. SEPCO is the presenting sponsor of the podcast. Questions asked include: What are lantern rings and what is their purpose with pumps? What materials are ideal for lantern rings? What are PTFE & PEEK strengths and weaknesses How Is a lantern ring installed? What could go wrong with lantern rings? Why should lantern rings not be overlooked?

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2668: Sodium to Potassium Ratio, Frank's Ear, Fish Oil vs Cod Liver Oil, PTFE, Fingernail Moons, Toxic Chocolate (HouseCall)

The Cabral Concept

Play Episode Listen Later May 27, 2023 17:31

Welcome back to our weekend Cabral HouseCall shows! This is where we answer our community's wellness, weight loss, and anti-aging questions to help people get back on track! Check out today's questions: Erin: Hi Dr Cabral, I have extreme salt cravings part of which are due to adrenal issues and the other thing. I just enjoy the flavor profile I have always preferred highly salted food. I had been experiencing swollen eyelids in the morning and then I heard it often times it's not about how much sodium you intake but instead your sodium to potassium ratio. I started taking potassium in the form of cream of tartar mix into my magnesium sweet drink before bed, and it seems to be working as a swelling has reduced. I'm curious to hear your thoughts on the sodium potassium ratio, and whether you can balance that are really need to reduce salt intake? Burg: Hey Doc, love your work. After a routine visit to the doctor, he noticed a crease in both earlobes and said that it might corollate to heart issues. It's called “Frank's Ear". I am 58 and overweight. I have noticed a loss of connective tissue (loose wrinkly skin) over the past few years. Any thoughts would be appreciated. Marina: Hi Dr Cabral, I'd like to know the benefits of fish oil vs cod liver oil. Cod liver oil has vit a and d however you say that EPA to DHA of 2:1 is best, cod liver oil doesn't seem to meet this. When should we pick one over the other? Or supplement with both? Thank you Anonymous: Hi, dr. Cabral.. My boyfriend bought these expensive pans from Hexclad because “even Gordon Ramsey uses them” and they are advertised as non-toxic.. I wrote an email to them and they said that of course they use PTFE to make them non-stick and that US FDA certified it for use in many applications including medical implants and cookware.. After listening to your podcasts I believe it's still toxic to our bodies, but not sure if you've used the name PTFE.. Can you please tell us your opinion on it? Lara: Hello, dr. Cabral.. I went to an Ayurvedic doctor who said I was a pitta by looking at my fingers and nails.. I'm wondering about two things that he said: - the moons on the fingernails shouldn't be visible- if they are, there's a problem with corresponding organs - chocolate, even raw cacao is poison, because there is a scarcity of it in the world and it would have to be extremely expensive if it was natural.. in his opinion it is all made in a lab.. Could you please give your opinion on both? Thank you so much and happy healing to everyone! Thank you for tuning into today's Cabral HouseCall and be sure to check back tomorrow where we answer more of our community's questions! - - - Show Notes and Resources: StephenCabral.com/2668 - - - Get a FREE Copy of Dr. Cabral's Book: The Rain Barrel Effect - - - Join the Community & Get Your Questions Answered: CabralSupportGroup.com - - - Dr. Cabral's Most Popular At-Home Lab Tests: > Complete Minerals & Metals Test (Test for mineral imbalances & heavy metal toxicity) - - - > Complete Candida, Metabolic & Vitamins Test (Test for 75 biomarkers including yeast & bacterial gut overgrowth, as well as vitamin levels) - - - > Complete Stress, Mood & Metabolism Test (Discover your complete thyroid, adrenal, hormone, vitamin D & insulin levels) - - - > Complete Food Sensitivity Test (Find out your hidden food sensitivities) - - - > Complete Omega-3 & Inflammation Test (Discover your levels of inflammation related to your omega-6 to omega-3 levels) - - - Get Your Question Answered On An Upcoming HouseCall: StephenCabral.com/askcabral - - - Would You Take 30 Seconds To Rate & Review The Cabral Concept? The best way to help me spread our mission of true natural health is to pass on the good word, and I read and appreciate every review!

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¿Por qué se dice que el teflón produce cáncer? ¿Es cierto?

Muy al Día

Play Episode Listen Later May 8, 2023 3:10

Cuántas veces has oído a tu madre decirte que no comas lo quemado de los alimentos, ¿verdad? Entonces, ¿El teflón de la sartén produce cáncer? Es el responsable de que la comida no se pegue a la sartén. ¿Es realmente tóxico y cancerígeno? Material responsable de que no se nos pegue la comida en la sartén, el teflón, marca registrada que la gran mayoría de nosotros usamos para referirnos al politetrafluoroetileno o de manera más sencilla, PTFE, atesora una pésima reputación. Se le acusa de ser tóxico y cancerígeno. ¿De verdad se merece esta mala fama? Suscríbete a MUY HISTORIA con un descuento del 50% usando el código especial para podcast - PODCAST1936 https://bit.ly/3Mz0ImV Comparte nuestro podcast en tus redes sociales, puedes realizar una valoración de 5 estrellas en Apple Podcast o Spotify. Dirección, locución y producción: Iván Patxi Gómez Gallego Contacto de publicidad en podcast: podcast@zinetmedia.es Suscríbete a Muy Interesante https://suscripciones.zinetmedia.es/mz/

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¿Por qué se dice que el teflón produce cáncer? ¿Es cierto?

Muy al Día

Play Episode Listen Later May 8, 2023 3:10

Cuántas veces has oído a tu madre decirte que no comas lo quemado de los alimentos, ¿verdad?Entonces, ¿El teflón de la sartén produce cáncer?Es el responsable de que la comida no se pegue a la sartén. ¿Es realmente tóxico y cancerígeno? Material responsable de que no se nos pegue la comida en la sartén, el teflón, marca registrada que la gran mayoría de nosotros usamos para referirnos al politetrafluoroetileno o de manera más sencilla, PTFE, atesora una pésima reputación. Se le acusa de ser tóxico y cancerígeno.¿De verdad se merece esta mala fama?Suscríbete a MUY HISTORIA con un descuento del 50% usando el código especial para podcast - PODCAST1936https://bit.ly/3Mz0ImVComparte nuestro podcast en tus redes sociales, puedes realizar una valoración de 5 estrellas en Apple Podcast o Spotify.Dirección, locución y producción: Iván Patxi Gómez GallegoContacto de publicidad en podcast: podcast@zinetmedia.esSuscríbete a Muy Interesante https://suscripciones.zinetmedia.es/mz/¿Quieres anunciarte en este podcast? Hazlo con advoices.com/podcast/ivoox/1389230

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Fertility

Red Pill Your Healthcast

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 28, 2023 38:45

Fertility On today's episode of Red Pill Your Healthcast with Dr. Charlie and Nurse Practitioner Lauren- A sometimes sensitive topic for many - but the staggering change in numbers over the years needs to be discussed. Let's dive in! Dr. Charlie Website Instagram Membership Nurse Lauren Website Instagram Email List E-Book on Natural Remedies Things mentioned: 10% of Starter Branch Basics kit with code DRCHARLIE Truly Free Products- Laundry Detergent Dishwasher Pods Clean makeup EMF Ground Bag Clearly Filtered Clean Water - 360 Cookware and Bakeware are free from any teflon coatings or chemicals such as PFAS, PFOS, PFOA and PTFE. ** Code naturalnursemomma25 for 25% off Check out Methylation and Thyroid Podcasts Inspiracell from VerVita Regenerzyme Heart from VerVita Shatavari from Supreme Nutrition Schisandra Supreme Nutrition Artichoke Castor Oil Pack- Reishi Supreme -

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Holding Pressure Case Prep - Endovascular Basics

Audible Bleeding

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 23, 2023 33:32

Endovascular 101 Authors: Sebouh Bazikian - MS4 at Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California Sukgu Han - Associate Professor of Surgery at the University of Southern California. Co-director of Comprehensive Aortic Center at Keck Hospital of USC. Program Director of the Integrated Vascular Surgery Residency and Vascular Fellowship Editor: Yasong Yu Reviewers: Matt Chia and Kirthi Bellamkonda Core Resources: Rutherford's Vascular and Endovascular Therapy 10th Edition Chapter#26-28 Additional Resources: Relevant Audible Bleeding episodes Holding Pressure Case Prep - AKA/BKA Journal Review in Vascular Surgery: Introduction to Endovascular Surgery – A Prime Peter A. Schneider, MD and Endovascular Skills - history, personal techniques and updates in the 4th Edition Closure devices: Angioseal Mynx Proglide Endovascular procedures are minimally invasive techniques used to treat conditions affecting blood vessels, such as aneurysms, stenosis, or occlusions, by accessing the affected vessels through an incision in a peripheral artery and using imaging guidance to navigate catheters and devices through the blood vessels to the treatment site. Endovascular procedures can be broken down into 4 key steps Establishing arterial access Navigating to target treatment zone or vessel Treating the lesion Closure Basic definition of wire, sheaths, and catheters Wires are thin, flexible metal devices used to navigate through blood vessels and to guide other devices, such as catheters or sheaths, to the target location. They are measured in thousands of an inch A 0.018 wire is 0.018 inch in diameter There are two categories of wires: Flexible and support Flexible wires are soft and hydrophilic. They are considered the “workhorses” because they are useful for navigating through vessels. A common type of wire is called the Glidewire which is slippery and useful in traveling across tortuous vascular anatomy. Support wire are generally a lot stiffer and not hydrophilic. For that reason they are used to deliver and deploy devices A common type of support wire is called the Lunderquist which is used for the deployment of stent grafts in endovascular aortic repair Catheters are flexible hollow tubes used in conjunction with wires to navigate vascular anatomy Various characteristics include the degree and shape of the taper, the lengths, and the stiffness. They are inserted inside the sheath Sheaths are hollow tubes of various diameters that are inserted into a blood vessel to provide a pathway for catheters or wires. They have a one way valve to prevent backflow of arterial blood and a side port that permits aspiration and administration of fluids. They also come with a dedicated dilator which is used to fill the lumen of the sheath and allows the surgeon to insert the sheath safely into the vessel. If the wire is the rail and the catheter is the train, the sheath is the ground. Sheaths and catheters sizing Both are measured in French 1 French equals 0.33 mm. French size divided by 3 equals the approximate diameter in millimeters. Another way to think about Fr is roughly the circumference in mm. Divide by 3 instead of 3.14 to get the diameter Sheaths are defined by their inner diameter (ID) Catheters are defined by their outer diameter (OD) This is because catheters go inside the sheath, so the size of a catheter must be smaller or equal to the size of the sheath for it to fit inside.For example, a 5 Fr sheath can accommodate 5 Fr catheter/devices Of note, the hole in the artery will roughly be 2-4Fr larger than the sheath size. This is important when considering the type of closure that will be used at the end of the procedure. Step One: Establishing Arterial Access Preop preparation: During physical exam, make sure there's a palpable femoral pulse to rule out iliofemoral disease Review the CT if available for high femoral bifurcation or presence of vessel disease Patient positioning on the angio table, depends on the access site of choice. Typical position (for retrograde femoral artery access) is supine, arms tucked. Alternative access sites (ie. radial, brachial, carotid) may require arms to be out and prepped. How do you choose arterial access, location? Depends on location of lesion you are trying to treat and complexity of the path from the access site Size of the access vessel and device size must be considered when deciding on the access site The most common is retrograde femoral artery access When would other access points be used? Radial artery, brachial, antegrade femoral access. The goal, target location, and path complexity defines the access point. Arterial puncture Femoral access: Look for pulsatile vessel on the US (vein is medial, artery is lateral; “venous penis”) Usually access at the level of femoral head for common femoral artery Seldinger technique is used to establish access to a vessel or cavity using needle, wire, catheters, and sheath. E.g. using the micropuncture kit: contralateral arterial CFA access with s 21 gauge needle .018” guidewire is passed through the needle Needle is removed and a short 4 or 5 Fr microcatheter with an inner dilator is passed over the guidewire The dilator and guidewire are removed leaving the catheter in place to maintain access Bigger wire is inserted through the catheter, which is then removed over the wire A sheath is inserted over the wire The overall purpose is to start with smaller arterial puncture and exchange to larger size to minimize complication should the access fail Often, percutaneous closure devices are preloaded at this step. We will discuss this later. Step Two: Navigating to treatment zone or vessel With sheath in place, a guidewire is inserted into the vessel under fluoroscopic guidance. Continuous fluoroscopy is taken with the C-arm during key steps to visualize wire movement The C-arm can be portable or built into the room X rays are emitted from the X-ray generator below the patient And the subsequent image is generated from the image intensifier above the patient Radiation safety: wear protective gear which is made of lead. In addition, use the tableside lead shield whenever possible minimize use of continuous fluoroscopy whenever possible limit use of magnification, and digital subtraction angiography keep the image intensifier as close to the patient as possible to minimize scattering The C-arm can rotate around the patient to get optimal viewing of the vessels Frequently used terminology: 30 degrees RAO which stands for right anterior oblique, describing the relationship of image intensifier to the patient Common projections used for lower extremity angiograms Iliacs: 20-30 degrees contralateral anterior oblique Femoralsl: 20-30 degrees ipsilateral anterior oblique Trifurcation and tibials: anatomic anterior-posterior or 20 degrees ipsilateral anterior oblique with feet in neutral supine position Thoracic aorta/distal aortic arch: 30~45 degree LAO Renals: AP maximizing image quality by limiting patient movement and with breath holding and collimating Contrast Two types of contrasts: Iodinated contrast vs carbon dioxide Iodinated contrast has better resolution but patients can have allergic reactions and are at risk of contrast induced renal injury. Therefore, CO2 is preferred for patients with compromised renal function in which an image is created by transiently displacing blood. The downside is that it has lower image resolution than iodinated contrast, and rare but potentially serious complications of air locking. Power injection vs manual injection When using power injection, you have control over pressure, the amount of contrast, timing, and rate or rise of injection. It allows for rapid filling of large arteries at high flow rates. Manual injection is more efficient for small vessels since you can control dilution and volume Types of Wires Characteristics: wire tip, stiffness, diameter, and length Guide wires To assist in catheter placement, navigate different arteries, cross lesions, and deliver devices. The most common sizes used in vascular surgery Large .035” - generally used for the aorta and iliac. Small .014”/.018” - used for smaller branches like the SFA Length: from 120 to 360cm Based on distance from access site to the lesion Long enough to reach target lesions and beyond (inside pt) and deliver catheters (outside pt) but not too long that it's falling off the table and slowing down exchange Flexible vs stiff/support wires How do you decide which wire to use? Typically, you start with flexible wire inside an angle tip catheter to navigate to the target vessel. Once you reached and crossed the target vessel, the wire is exchanged to a stiff/support wire, which allows you to deliver common brands and models used that every medical student should know and the settings they are used in? Example answer: Glidewire (Tumero): a floppy wire with a hydrophilic coating which is useful for navigating stenosis and tortuous vessels and is used in a variety of different vessels. Lunderquist (Cook): it is very stiff and used for endovascular repairs of AAAs Rosen wire: support wire with a J tip with intermediate stiffness. Less stiff than Lunderquist. Used to catheterize visceral and renal arteries. Bentson: starter wire, that's short in length with a very long floppy tip that prevents vessel trauma. Types of Catheters Main purpose of the catheters Allows to approach the target vessel based on the shape of the catheter Allows wire exchange from flexible to stiff Sizes are based on Fr (4-5) 5 Fr are the most common. Microcatheters are for embolizations (2.5Fr) Nonselective (Angiographic catheter) Common types are omni flush, pigtail, and straight They have multiple side holes along the tip so they can inject high volume of contrast into large blood vessels like the aorta Selective catheters/Guide (shape) catheters Have an end hole only with no side holes so they can cannulate specific branch vessels A variety of lengths and shapes depending on the curvature and tortuosity of the pathway to the target vessel. Catheter with specific shapes can align your vector (the force you are exerting by pushing the wire forward at the access site) to the stenotic lesion. Type of catheter that can be used to cross to the contralateral side at the aortic bifurcation – generally the omni. Types of sheaths Size range: 4-26Fr (larger available for endografts) Size is decided by the device you have to deliver to the target lesion Length is based on the support required from the procedure. The distance from the access site to the target site determines the length of the sheath required. Common lengths range from 5 to 110cm What are some of the common sheaths used and for which procedure? For endovascular aortic repairs, Dryseal sheaths range from 12Fr ~ 26Fr with lengths of 33cm to 65cm. For visceral and renal artery intervention, Ansil or Raabi sheaths range from 5Fr to 9Fr, with lengths of 45cm to 90cm. For lower extermity work, Ansil, Raabi, Balkin sheaths ranging from 4Fr to 7Fr with lengths of 45cm to 110cm. Steerable sheaths can actively articulate the shape of the sheath, allow you to navigate and treat more challenging anatomy. Step Three: Treating the lesion The lesion has to be crossed with wire and catheters before treating the lesion. They may require the need to exchange sheath Stent and balloon sizing is measured by diameter in millimeters x length in centimeters Balloons Generally need to exchange wire to stiff support wire through the catheter, then the catheter is exchanged over the wire with the balloon mounted catheter Balloons have a wide variety of diameters and lengths Nominal vs Burst pressures Nominal: pressure is where the balloon will inflate to the labeled diameter Burst: pressure where 99.9% of tested balloons ruptured Typically you inflate to nominal but can go higher depending on the type of lesion Compliant balloon vs a semi-compliant vs non-compliant balloon Most of the time, we use a compliant balloon, but in certain situations where we need high pressure dilation, we use non-compliant balloon. This has to do with the nature of the lesion and risk of vessel rupture. Additional features Cutting balloons have microblades on the wall. So the idea is to perform control rupture of calcified atherosclerotic lesions, so that the expansion happens more evenly. Drug coated balloons are coated with paclitaxel to reduce the risk of neo-intimal hyperplasia So, it is sometimes used in peripheral cases where the surgeons feel that the lesions are more prone to developing neo-intimal hyperplasia or areas that have restenosed. Stents small mesh-like device made of metal that is used to prop open a blocked or narrow blood vessel. It is inserted through a catheter and deployed at the site of the blockage to improve blood flow and reduce the risk of future blockages. balloon expandable vs self-expanding stents Balloon expandable Better radial force at the time of deployment More accurate deployment Mounted on balloons, so it is more difficult to track them across tight stenosis. May cause damage to the surrounding tissue due to balloon inflation. Self-expanding Usually more flexible in tortuous vessels More resistant to kinking Higher risk of migration or dislodgement during deployment Post-dilation is often needed covered stents vs bare metal stents Covered stents Covered by PTFE, polyurethane, or silicone May be more resistant to in-stent restenosis, compared to bare metal stents. useful in ruptured vessel EVAR/TEVAR/FEVAR devices are essentially fancy covered stents. Step Four: Closure Hole in the artery is outer diameter of the sheath, and is bigger than the sheath size since sheath is measured by inner diameter Manual compression Direct pressure with fingertips Enough pressure without bleeding, but not too much that it cuts off circulation No peeking! Timing depends on sheath size, coagulation status, and vessel health. Closure devices Extravascular plug Angio-seal: sandwiches the arteriotomy with a biodegradable anchor and collagen sponge. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XhgAs2SxNjA Mynx: utilized a small balloon to create temporary hemostasis within the artery and covers the outside with a polyethylene glycol sealant. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_kcJM1lnQo8 Suture-based Sometimes placed at beginning of the case for large bore access Proglide: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wol22SlEpxE Complications What are the most common complications that you experience and how do you mitigate them? Access site Hematoma, pseudoaneruysm, AV fistula, occlusion, infection Navigation related Dissection, perforation, thromboembolism Systemic Contrast induced AKI —----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Please share your feedback through our Listener Survey! Follow us on Twitter @audiblebleeding Learn more about us at https://www.audiblebleeding.com/about-1/ and #jointheconversation.

SE4:EP12 - Sandy Flint: Stio on Sustainability

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 20, 2023 38:53

Over the past few years you've probably noticed the brand Stio on the slopes. Born in the Mountain West, the company has become known for its extensive colors and a serious focus on technical materials that are sustainable. Last Chair did a visit with Stio Senior Materials Manager Sandy Flint to learn more about its products, which are both revolutionizing outdoor clothing performance and utilizing technology which is more friendly to the environment we all love so much.Stio was founded in 2011 by Mountain West native Stephen Sullivan, who had previously started the Cloudveil brand. Stio quickly became known for its focus on core technical apparel, fun colorways and direct-to-consumer sales. Today, the company has its own Stio Mountain Studios at major resorts across the west, including Utah on Park City's historic Main Street.Flint grew up in the Northeast, skiing around New England and taking family trips out west. “It was the mountains I loved – being able to hike, raft and ski.” He went to college in Colorado, then moved to Utah, teaching skiing at Solitude. With a degree in engineering and a background in art, he found his way into a graduate program studying fiber science and apparel design at Cornell. The combination of those technical skills with his passion for art landed him at Stio.What you quickly learn in talking to Flint is his passion for sustainability, and knowledge of how to find that pathway. Most of all, you learn that he's not alone, working at a company focused on the future. Today, preferred materials comprise 48% of Stio's collection and the brand has a goal to meet 75% by 2025.We also learn that sustainability is about more than just raw materials. It's an accounting of everything the company does from travel to manufacturing to shipping to recycling. Everyone in the company is accountable!In this episode of Last Chair, Flint dives deep into the science and history of membranes and other materials. One of the most notable transitions is the evolution from the polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)-based Gore-Tex of the past to environmentally-friendly ePE membrane that is per- and poly-fluorinated chemical (PFC) free.

SE4:EP12 - Sandy Flint: Stio on Sustainability

Last Chair: The Ski Utah Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 20, 2023 38:53

Low Friction Alternative Materials with Jonathan Jurgaitis, Spectrum Plastics Group

sr spectrum materials friction plastics ptfe

Play Episode Listen Later Mar 20, 2023 20:34

Due to the global shortage of PTFE a lot of contract manufacturers such as Spectrum Plastics Group are working on alternatives. Steve Maxson discusses some of these low friction alternatives with Jonathan Jurgaitis, Sr. Extrusion Engineer at Spectrum Plastics Group.With 60+ years of experience, Spectrum offers development solutions for critical polymer-based components and devices for medical and other demanding markets. As a full-service partner, they provide technical expertise to bring projects from concept to production. Their capabilities include precision extrusion, injection molding, laser processing, assembly and more. With 20 locations in six countries and over one million sq. ft. of manufacturing space, they solve customers' most challenging problems with proven quality, responsiveness and innovation.Host: Steve Maxson | Innovation & Business Development Manager | US ExtrudersGuest : Jonathan Jurgaitis, | Sr. Extrusion Engineer | Spectrum Plastics GroupAnnouncer: Bill Kramer | President | US ExtrudersProducer/ Editor/ Original Music: Eric Adair | Marketing Manager | US ExtruderFor video episodes visit www.us-extruders.com/podcasts

Innovations in PTFE Coatings for Mandrels, Pull Wires and Hypotubes with Erik Wendehost, of Applied Plastics

director innovation sales applied plastics wires coatings ptfe

Play Episode Listen Later Mar 6, 2023 14:57

Steve sits with Erik Wendehost, Director of Sales at Applied Plastics, to discuss innovations in PTFE coating for mandrels, pull wires and hypotubes Applied Plastics is a leading provider of PTFE coated products that are used in the design and manufacturing of advanced catheter systems. Their trademarked PTFE Natural® coating is applied to a variety of metals – including stainless steel, nitinol and silver-plated copper – and used in numerous applications like mandrels, pull wires, core wires, hypotubes, stylets and guidewires.They are committed to providing their customers with market-leading coated mandrels, wire and lubricious products that enable the manufacturing of innovative life-saving devices.For more information, visit www.appliedplastics.comHost: Steve Maxson | Innovation & Business Development Manager | US ExtrudersGuest : Erik Wendehost | Director of Sales | Applied PlasticsAnnouncer: Bill Kramer | President | US ExtrudersProducer/ Editor/ Original Music: Eric Adair | Marketing Manager | US Extruder For video episodes visit www.us-extruders.com/podcasts

Pro Race Calendars

303Endurance Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Feb 4, 2023 31:45

Ironman, PTO, Clash, Challenge and the World Triathlon Series all offer a pro race schedule and prize purses to attract the best pro athletes and find new ways to attract viewers. With all of the races these brands putting out their own race series, there are numerous regional and world championships with even greater prize money. How pro athletes plan their race schedule is harder with all of the races. Just how bad is it? I researched the pro race schedules for each of these brands, put them in a spreadsheet and we are going to talk about just how congested the race schedule is and just how hard it must be to plan a pro race schedule. Show Sponsor: UCAN Generation UCAN has a full line of nutrition products powered by LIVESTEADY to fuel your sport. LIVSTEADY was purposefully designed to work with your body, delivering long-lasting energy you can feel. LIVSTEADY's unique time-release profile allows your body to access energy consistently throughout the day, unlocking your natural ability to stay focused and calm while providing the fuel you need to meet your daily challenges. Use UCAN in your training and racing to fuel the healthy way, finish stronger and recover more quickly! Use the code 303UCAN for 20% off at ucan.co/discount/303UCAN/ or ucan.co In Today's Show Feature - Pro Race Schedule - Its Worse Than We Thought Endurance News - How To Be a Greener Cyclist; 5 Yoga Poses for Stronger Pelvic Floor What's new in the 303 - Old Man Winter Rally prepares for a sellout event amid wintry weather Video of the Week - The Norwegian Method - Kristian Blummenfelt & Gustav Iden Discussion: Pro Race Schedule Ironman Race Schedule and Prize Money https://clashendurance.com/pages/pros https://www.challenge-family.com/races/?cn-reloaded=1 https://wtcs.triathlon.org/?src=wts_panel https://tri-today.com/2023/02/these-are-last-years-big-earners/ Endurance News: HOW TO REDUCE YOUR CARBON CYCLING PRINT This image shows cyclists stationary on a road with a yellow brick building Pedal to work, pedal for the planet RIDE YOUR BIKE MORE It's an obvious one, but according to the omni calculator(opens in new tab), riding your bike to work just three times a week for the next month will reduce CO2 emissions by 24.14kg, and NOx emissions by 0.041kg, planting the equivalent of 37 trees. It will also add an extra half a day to your life expectancy. You'll still need to factor in the impact of manufacturing your bike; however, if you already own one, it will soon be carbon neutral. BE CURIOUS Be curious about how your cycling gear was made and ask where it comes from. “If consumers want to check what a brand is doing, a good place to start is checking if they have signed up to the Shift Cycling Culture climate change commitment,” says Bronsvoort. “It means that they have at least started to think about its sustainability and begun the journey.” This image shows a close up of a rear wheel with a person crouching down finishing cleaning the bike Regularly cleaning your bike can preserve it's life LOOK AFTER YOUR CYCLING STUFF “I can't stress the importance of bike cleaning,” says Steve Fearn, Muc-Off global cycling PR and comms manager. “It sounds basic, but if you maintain your bike and equipment, it will keep your bike going for much longer and save in raw materials in having to replace it.” It goes without saying to ensure that your bike cleaner is PTFE free and fully biodegradable. REPAIR WHAT YOU HAVE Some brands have an in-house repair service that will fix a product, often for free. Alpkit repair centre will tackle any brand of clothing (and some outdoor gear) to help prevent it ending up in landfill. DONATE WHAT YOU NO LONGER WANT OR NEED “The perverse thing is that we do need people to buy things new, in order that we can continue getting donations,” says Adam Thomson, manager of The Charity Bike Shop, based in Manchester, who refurbish, reuse and resell cycling related gear. There are similar bike-upcycling, often known as ‘bike kitchens', projects all over the country. “You'd be surprised how much people would have thrown away,” says Thomson. “They come in here with a box of old gear that they were about to chuck, and we've been able to use all of it.” Muc-Off is already part of Shift Cycling Culture, and is mapping its sustainability journey in a quest to reduce its environmental impact. “We've got our own Project Green initiative, where we're on target to save over 200 tonnes of plastic compared to 2019. We aim to improve Muc-Off's sustainability incrementally, one product at a time,” says Steve Fearn. “We offer eco-refills in some stores, so you can reuse your bottles to eliminate even more waste.” AIM FOR HIGH STANDARDS Aim for high standards and standardised designs. “Consumers need to push brands to use high quality standard parts to ensure they last longer,” says Bronsvoort. “The more intricate bike design becomes, the less reusable they are". A digital cycling counter is next to a bike path with a cyclist in a yellow jacket riding a bike Add to the tally of those making a difference RECYCLE OLD TIRES AND INNER TUBES There are 450 Velorim recycling centres located nationally which accept old tires and tubes for a small disposal levy, between 55p per tyre and 25p per tube. It's then processed or recycled to produce a range of products from flooring to adhesive. INVEST IN A GUPPY FRIEND BAG Every time we wash Lycra or polyester, microplastics are released into the water system. Putting dirty kit in a Guppy Friend bag when washing ensures all the tiny fibres are captured, and can then be disposed of responsibly in a closed container. The independently tested and verified bags are sustainably and fairly made in Europe. START THE CONVERSATION "Take to socials and message the shops and brands you use about their sustainability,” says Bronsvoort. “Get them to sign up to the Shift Cycling Culture climate commitment to start becoming more sustainable.” All revenue from the stores goes back to the charity Cyclists Fighting Cancer, which gives new lightweight bikes, tandems and adapted bikes to children and their families who have lived, or are living with cancer. “We should probably capture more information on how much we save from going to landfill, but we turn around 15 to 20 bikes a week in terms of refurbishment and where they are sold for a profit, which goes directly to the Cyclists for Cancer charity,” says Adam Thomson. RETHINK YOUR OVERSEAS TRAINING CAMP It's an uncomfortable truth, but flying with your bike will undo all of the above changes. According to carbon calculator, Myclimate, a return flight to cycling hotspot Mallorca from London is in the region of 500CO2e. While you can offset your emission in supporting a carbon offset project for around £13, truth be told most of us don't need a training camp abroad at all. Instead, check out our guide on cycling holidays in the UK for ideas on the best road and gravel routes to try in Britain. FALSE CLAIMS Sustainability claims can read like a fruit salad of initiatives and aims that are hard to unpick. Legislation is still a slow churn. The good news is that in the UK the Competition and Markets Authorities' (CMA) new Green Claims Code means retailers must make sure that their eco claims aren't vague and that they are backed up with information/evidence that is easy for the consumer to access and understand. If a consumer believes a retailer is using misleading claims, they can report it to the CMA at misleadinggreenclaims@cma.gov.uk. Consumers can also reach out to the Advertising Standards Agency if they have concerns about misinformation and harmful ‘green' statements in advertising. The 5 Best Yoga Poses for Pelvic Floor Dysfunction, According to Physical Therapists Because a healthy pelvic floor is, well, essential. JANUARY 24, 2023 GABRIELLE KASSEL Get full access to Outside Learn, our online education hub featuring in-depth yoga, fitness, & nutrition courses, when you sign up for Outside+. Your pelvic floor muscles are to your body what a structural frame is to your house: foundational. Spanning from hip-to-hip and back-to-front, the pelvic floor muscles are a flexible sling of muscles that support your reproductive and excretory organs, says Kandis Daroski, a physical therapist. This includes your bladder, bowels, rectum, and uterus (if you have one). Healthy pelvic floor muscles also support sexual arousal and orgasms, says Daroski. And as part of your core, these muscles help protect your spine and support overall balance, she says. Just like the other muscles in your body, your pelvic floor can weaken as a result of misuse or overuse, says Corey Silbert, a pelvic floor therapist. Also, pregnancy, menopause, obesity, chronic constipation, even improper form while lifting can injure these muscles. As a result, your pelvic floor may be unable to relax, contract, or move with coordination. Why Is Your Pelvic Floor Important? Pelvic floor dysfunction is typically marked by symptoms such as penetration pain; pelvic, abdominal or rectal pain; persistent constipation; erectile dysfunction; and bladder or bowel leakage, says Daroski. All of which can negatively impact your quality of life. However, dedicating just a few minutes a day to these critical muscles can support their overall health. Pelvic floor dysfunction can be treated through a combination of physical therapy, biofeedback, medication—and yoga. That's right, yoga. “Yoga can greatly benefit any individual with pelvic floor dysfunction,” Daroski says. It gives individuals the opportunity to intentionally contract or relax their pelvic floor, as well as coordinate pelvic floor movements to their breath, she says. The same stress-relief that a yoga practice brings to your thoughts can also help release pelvic floor tension. Stress is a known factor in the development of tension in muscle groups, including your pelvic floor, says Julia Connolly, an orthopedic and pelvic health physical therapist. When your pelvic floor muscles become tense, it can create pain and even exacerbate pelvic floor dysfunction and the symptoms associated with it, she says. Can You Prevent Pelvic Floor Dysfunction? Not exactly. The pelvic floor is a complicated muscle structure that is impacted by your physical actions as well as your emotions and thoughts. While the addition of a regular yoga practice may be beneficial for your pelvic floor, it alone cannot prevent pelvic floor dysfunction. Yoga can be a helpful component of your pelvic floor dysfunction treatment plan. However, if you're experiencing any of the symptoms of pelvic floor dysfunction, your first step should be to head to a pelvic floor therapist, Connolly says. Most pelvic floor health treatment plans require a handful of habit changes, she says, which an expert can walk you through. “Treatment is individualized and will depend on your exact pelvic floor dysfunction,” Connolly says. And it often includes yoga. The 5 Best Yoga Poses for Your Pelvic Floor Muscles Whether you turn to a more active or restorative yoga practice will depend on your condition, Connolly says. The following five poses are commonly recommended by Daroski and Connolly for preventing and treating pelvic floor dysfunction. Balasana (Child's Pose) A resting position, Child's Pose can be beneficial if you have overactive or non-relaxing pelvic floor muscles, says Daroski. If you aren't experiencing knee pain, try experimenting with a wide-legged Child's Pose to give a gentle stretch to your pelvic floor. You can place a folded blanket or towel under your knees for extra cushioning. Supta Baddha Konasana (Reclining Bound Angle Pose) Reclining Bound Angle Pose can help stretch the muscles and fascia in the perineum region, the area between the genitals and the anus, Connolly says. The pose also helps soothe the vagus nerve, which is responsible for the fight, flight, or freeze response, she says. Calming your autonomic nervous system can help reduce involuntary pelvic muscle contractions that can occur in response to a perceived threat, she says, which can be anything from an email ping from a boss to a bear in the woods. Ananda Balasana (Happy Baby Pose) This pose stretches the inner thigh muscles connected with the pelvic floor, Daroski says. When paired with controlled belly breathing, this position can teach you how to relax those muscles. You can also practice a variation of this posture, Half Happy Baby Pose, by raising one leg at a time. Marjaryasana (Cat Pose) and Bitilasana (Cow Pose) You may be familiar with the relief this stretch offers your spine, but it can also benefit your pelvic floor. These two poses improve symptoms associated with urinary leakage, urgency, and frequency, as well as pelvic pain, Daroski says. Supta Matsyendrasana (Reclining Twist) “Reclining Twist is a gentle way to invite length and stretch to the connective tissue that surrounds your lumbar spine, sacrum, and abdominal wall,” Connolly says. When these tissues get stiff, it can contribute to pelvic tightness, she says. However, when they loosen, you can regain mobility in your pelvic floor. What's New in the 303: A pioneer of gravel events, the Old Man Winter Rally prepares for a sellout event amid wintry weather. January 31, 2023 Now in its 9th year, this ‘Epic Winter Adventure' has become the annual kickoff event for adventurous runners and riders from all over the country. /ENDURANCE SPORTSWIRE/ – Now in its 9th year, this ‘Epic Winter Adventure' has become the annual kickoff event for adventurous runners and riders from all over the country. Need to know: 1,500 riders and runners from 27 states will take the start line in Lyons, Colorado on Sunday 2/5/23. Elite riders and runners will compete for the $8,000 prize purse, including Jens Voight, Ruth Winder, and Alex House. The Old Man Winter Rally has seen all kinds of weather from a blizzard to a record-high sunny day. The forecast for 2023 is mild with 40-degree temps with sun This year, the event will move to a new venue, Bohn Park, a multi-million-dollar project completed in the wake of the historic 2013 floods. 5 categories: 50K Bike, 100K Bike, 10K Run, 5K Run, 10K Run / 50K Bike combo Originally created as a way for friends to ‘rally' together and support each other getting outside to ride on a wintry day, the Old Man Winter Rally has become one of the most popular running and riding events in Colorado. The event was built for folks that don't hang up their bikes or running shoes during the winter and instead embrace the cold by bundling up and hitting the gravel roads and trails. “Old Man Winter is all about gearing up for winter adventure, having fun with your buddies, and enjoying a great party at the finish line” says, Josh Kravetz, the event's founder and President of Adventure Fit, a Boulder-based Active Entertainment event company. “We like to make sure everybody has a fun day at Old Man Winter Rally – no matter what your athletic ability. This is Boulder, so you'll see plenty of world-class athletes at the event, but we also love for this to be the first race ever for riders and runners.” This Sunday, February 5th the event offers two bike course options: 50km and 100km, two run course options: a 5K and a 10K running race, and a Run/Bike combo that's popular for winter multisport athletes. There will also be a huge celebration in Bohn Park for all at the after-party. And they do mean “party”. Athletes will cross the finish line and find fire pits, live music, delicious food (including s'mores) and Bootstrap Brewing Beer and June Shine cocktails. 2023 will have the biggest participation yet. The event will be capped at 1500 participants and less than 100 spots currently remain. Old Man Winter History: 2015 – In the debut year, gravel bikes weren't in fashion quite yet and future Tour de France stage winner Sepp Kuss nearly won on a road bike. Temps hit the high-60's and high winds made for a breezy finish. 2016 – The running event is added, drawing in 188 participants in year one. 2018 – The course was revised due to construction, offering the first and only Northbound version which did not include the Rowena trail. Mat Stephens (winner of Unbound Gravel) and Lauren de Crescenzo (the winningest girl in gravel) taking the win. 2019 – The coldest year, never reaching above freezing throughout the whole event 2020 – A massive winter storm rolled through and ultimately, forced the cancellation of the 100K bike event 10 miles in. Riders were slipping and sliding in the epic conditions and despite the cancellation, the wild nature of it made it a monumental story in the race's history. 2021 – One of the first COVID-friendly “DIY” style events to pick up steam, riders had the chance to ride the course with their pod, and get scored on a virtual scoreboard, or select a virtual option altogether. World Tour talents Alex Howes & Lachlan Morton teamed up and won the event. 2022 – The Rally returned from the pandemic full steam ahead, drawing in pro riders, everyday athletes and riders and runners from every background. Participants enjoyed a sunny 45-degree day 2023 – The Rally moves to a new venue, Bohn Park, a multi-million-dollar project completed in the wake the historic 2013 floods. For those not competing, the top of the Rowena trail (off CO Rd 83) and Old Stage will be great spectating locations – showing off the variety of terrain the riders will challenge. Early February in Colorado can bring spring conditions, or mid-winter snow. A cool January and “sticky snow” will likely see a wintery route on tap. The after party in Lyons is open to all, with bonfires, s'mores, cold beer, and warm food. Join in on the winter adventure! Registration and additional event information is online at: www.OldManWinterRally.com About Adventure Fit: Adventure Fit is an Experiential Event Marketing and Production company that specializes in Active Entertainment productions. Our deep understanding of the active marketplace allows us to develop creative events and results-driven solutions for our clients. Adventure Fit has produced some of the countries most popular “active entertainment events, such as the New Belgium Urban Assault Ride, Burning Can Fest at the Lyons Outdoor Games, and the Shape Diva Dash. www.AdventureFit.com Video of the week: The Norwegian Method - Kristian Blummenfelt & Gustav Iden's Winter Lab Testing Closing: Thanks again for listening in this week. Please be sure to follow us @303endurance and of course go to iTunes and give us a rating and a comment. We'd really appreciate it! Stay tuned, train informed, and enjoy the endurance journey!

44: Teflon Don

The History of Chemistry

Play Episode Play 40 sec Highlight Listen Later Dec 19, 2022 25:50

Today we examine the element fluorine and some ways it affected 20th-century chemistry. The first person to isolate the element was Henri Moissan in 1886, succeeding after many others failed, often with dangerous results. We talk about why fluorine is so reactive. Then we talk of Thomas Midgely's work at General Motors to invent the stable, non-toxic refrigerant Freon. We move to Roy Plunkett at DuPont, who discovered accidentally PTFE, a substance with a remarkably low coefficient of friction, which eventually led to the fabric Gore-Tex, and the fire-extinguishing compounds , the halons. We see how dentist Frederick McKay uncovered the cause of Colorado brown stain, and how fluoride ion protects teeth. We end up with some noble-gas compounds with fluorine, first discovered in 1962.Support the show Support my podcast at https://www.patreon.com/thehistoryofchemistry Tell me how your life relates to chemistry! E-mail me at steve@historyofchem.com Get my book, O Mg! How Chemistry Came to Be, from World Scientific Publishing, https://www.worldscientific.com/worldscibooks/10.1142/12670#t=aboutBook

colorado general motors dupont teflon gore tex freon ptfe

BIMCast #20 - Case BIM | Estádio Beira Rio

BIMCast

Play Episode Listen Later Nov 10, 2022 38:30

Estádio Beira-Rio Local: RS, Brasil Início do projeto: 2010 Obra: 2012 à 2014 Área do terreno: 150.000 m² Área construída: 90.000 m² Capacidade: 47k torcedores Edifício estacionamento: 4.500 veículos sendo 1.900 vagas cobertas (Gestão Estapar) Certificação Leed - Uso racional de água, eficiência energética, uso de materiais de baixo impacto ambiental, prevenção de poluição do solo e do ar, reaproveitamento da água pluvial e criação da Central de Resíduos. Além disso, nas obras de modernização do estádio, ocorreu a utilização de 25% de aço reciclado, reduzindo em torno de 1,02t emissões de CO2. Em relação ao resíduos gerados durante a obra, 75% foi destinado para reciclagem ou reaproveitamento. "A nova cobertura do Beira-Rio é uma das inovações focadas em sustentabilidade. Ela é feita com membrana de politetrafluoretileno (PTFE) - um material que absorve menos calor. O teto é "autolimpante", e usa mínimo de água possível, alcançando também temperaturas mais baixas." Complementares: Diversas opções de alimentação, Museu do clube, agência do banco Banrisul (para colaboradores do clube), Polícia Civil e demais serviços de atendimento aos torcedores (sócio, ouvidoria...) Espaços para eventoos em todo o complexo, com destaque para o estádio, que pode sediar shows para até 50 mil pessoas. Gestão: BRIO A BRIO (SPE Holding Beira-Rio S/A), foi então criada com o objetivo de estabelecer uma parceria com o Inter no modelo de gestão compartilhada. Por 20 anos, a BRIO explorará alguns ativos, em contrapartida aos R$ 331 milhões investidos e que a permitiram sediar dita Copa e transformar o Beira-Rio num complexo multiuso, moderno e seguro. A BRIO tem como acionistas a Andrade Gutierrez e o BTG Pactual. Sobre o projeto: https://estadiobeirario.com.br https://www.galeriadaarquitetura.com.br/projeto/hype-studio-arquitetura_/estadio-beira-rio/463 https://www.andradegutierrez.com.br/Projetos/BeiraRio.aspx https://www.hypestudio.com.br/estadio-beira-rio Polêmica: https://sul21.com.br/noticias/geral/2021/08/projeto-das-torres-do-beira-rio-avanca-em-meio-a-criticas-por-falta-de-debate-e-impacto-ambiental/ https://gauchazh.clicrbs.com.br/esportes/inter/noticia/2021/09/projeto-de-construcao-das-torres-ao-lado-do-beira-rio-e-debatido-em-audiencia-publica-na-camara-de-vereadores-cktxo0j4x003u017lqp20dxvr.html __________________________________________________________________________________________________

espa civil co2 pol inter ela copa conhe gest obra nossas res brio museu bim capacidade edif btg pactual beira rio ptfe

Peak Season Planning with Caitlin Coghlan, Global Director of E-Commerce at The Cookware Company

Supply Chain Therapy

Play Episode Listen Later Oct 26, 2022 32:03

With Peak Season upon us, let's dive into the changes and challenges facing the 2022 holiday demand. As consumers, we all have our own stories of running from store to store in search of the gift that will be remembered forever. Typically, with one of two endings: complete satisfaction when you finally set your eyes on it, or utter disappointment when the shelves you face are all empty. This episode's guest aims to be present for their customers in spite of the instability that comes with peak shopping seasons. Caitlin Coghlan is the Global Director of E-Commerce at The Cookware Company.On today's episode, Caitlin and Alex discuss how her learnings from Amazon help her map out executive strategies for marketing and analytics while avoiding shutdowns when demand is highest. —Guest BioCaitlin has over 10 years of experience in retail operations with brands such as Party City, Liberty Media, and Toys “R” Us where she worked as a buyer, before she joined Amazon as a vendor manager, managing the P&L and determining the strategic direction of the toys category. In 2017, Caitlin became a key part of The Cookware Company.The Cookware Company is a global cookware manufacturer with worldwide brand presence. Starting in Belgium in 2007 with their original brand, GreenPan, The Cookware Company was the first to introduce PTFE-free non-stick cookware into the market. Winning the Amazon Home Vendor of the year in 2019, The Cookware Company's brands can be found in retail, grocery, mass market and specialty stores as well as on television shopping channels and retail websites in over 100 countries around the world.Caitlin leverages her experience at Amazon each and every day in her work at The Cookware Company. She plays a large role in product development based on consumer metrics and engagement in order to hone in on new trends as they develop. Similarly, she consistently has an eye on her supply chain to ensure there's always product ready to be put on shelves. —Guest Quote“I want to make sure that we are never out of stock. There's been a lot of empty shelves in retailers like Walmart. There are places we can fit in. With the growth, the worst thing that we could do to ourselves is not be present for the consumer.” - Caitlin Coghlan—Time Stamps *(1:17) Meet Caitlin*(4:49) Transparency in the supply chain*(7:26) Developing strategies specific to Amazon *(13:20) Segment 2: Challenges*(15:16) Refreshing metrics*(17:38) Focuses for peak season *(19:40) Segment 3: The Venting Couch*(21:59) Segment 4: Back to the Future*(24:16) What keeps you up at night?*(27:16) Oprah's List*(29:03) Segment 5: Quick Hitters—SponsorWhat would you do if Katie Couric called you at work and told you that your logistics company was breaking the law? This is a totally true and completely terrifying tale which you can read in our e-book Scary Supply Chain Stories To Tell In The Dark. Grab a free copy at Stord.link/scary and get ready to sleep with the lights on. And now back to the episode.—Links Connect with Caitlin Coghlan on LinkedInConnect with Alex Kent on LinkedInCheck out the Stord WebsiteCheck out The Cookware Company Website

Polymers & Compounds for Medical Devices with Amar Nilajkar of Foster

foster business development amar medical devices polymer compounds ptfe

Play Episode Listen Later Oct 17, 2022 15:11

Steve Maxson discusses polymers and compounds for medical devices with Amar Nilajkar, VP of Business Development at Foster. Amar goes into detail on their new fluoropolymer-based solutions, including their PureFluon FEP, Porex Virtek® sintered PTFE membrane technology, and compares some of the differences in regulatory and manufacturing environment that are required for implantable polymers and compounds.For over thirty years Foster Corporation has been serving medical device manufacturers with industry leading technology and service in biomedical materials. These include custom medical compounds, implantable materials, and polymer distribution. Within ISO 13485:2016 facilities, Foster offers comprehensive support to customers from formulation development through production.For more information visit www.fostercomp.comHost: Steve Maxson | Innovation & Business Development Manager | US ExtrudersGuest : Amar Nilajkar | VP of Business Development | FosterAnnouncer: Bill Kramer | President | US ExtrudersProducer/ Editor/ Original Music: Eric Adair | Marketing Manager | US ExtruderFor video episodes visit www.us-extruders.com/podcasts

Series 3 Opener : Huge Grenadier Hat Malarkey

The Madaxeman.com Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Oct 7, 2022 118:41

After a barren 5 month interregnum a mathematical majority of the Madaxeman Podcast crew stumble grudgingly back onto the airwaves with a near-2-hour episode to kickstart the 3rd series. Any semblance of order, structure and giving the impression of planning is almost instantly thrown out of the window as we immediately go off tangent in a fascinating discussion around the origin (and ending) of the entire concept of a Grenadier, before we swerve decisively into some surprisingly well informed opinions about 3D printing, consider whether the long time coming Dire Straits revival will include a remixed Europop single called "Gaming by the Pool", have a vote to decide if the 1980's RPG "Traveller" ever really existed in our stub, try to guess who won the 1936 Eurovision Song Contest, witter on about Contrast paints (again..), and then give a look back to Britcon and a heads-up to the SELWG show. Of course, Andy's quiz also returns from the mists of time with something equally and typically topical too, aided and abetted by its timeless theme music. Tamsin's 3D printer we discuss at some length is an Anycubic Kobra, but I've been asked to flag up that it's not necessarily a good one for a beginner - Tamsin instead suggests the Elegoo Neptune 3, or the Anycubic Vyper if you have a bit more bench space available. For both of those she'd recommend replacing the PTFE tubing they come with with Capricorn PTFE tubing (affilate links to Amazon). The pictures of some of the stuff we talked about is also online here: Tamsin's Blog The Madaxeman Blog

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Pourquoi le téflon est anti-adhérent ?

Choses à Savoir VOYAGE

Play Episode Listen Later Oct 4, 2022 2:54

Il est vraiment très rare aujourd'hui de ne pas trouver de casseroles anti adhérentes. Ces fameux revêtement en teflon noir qui ont fait la marque de fabrique et la fortune de certaines marques. Vous vous doutez bien qu'il n'a pas toujours existé. Avant son invention, on utilisait de la matière grasse en plus grande quantité directement dans les sauteuses et autres poêles OU on utilisait des revêtements en émail ou de la fonte par exemple. Fonte qui, une fois traitée par un procédé appelé le culottage, devenait légèrement anti adhésif. Procédé multi centenaire qu'on utilise encore à l'heure actuelle. En 1938, alors qu'il travaille sur un nouveau réfrigérant, un scientifique crée par erreur une étrange poudre blanche cireuse. Ça arrive et dans ces cas-là, on nettoie cette matière indésirable avec un solvant ou une pyrolyse, c'est-à-dire une très haute température qui permet de tout carboniser. Il essaya de nettoyer cette matière et se rendit vite compte que non contente de résister à quasiment tous les solvant et aux hautes températures, elle avait des propriété anti adhésive hors du commun. Le téflon était né. Un truc qui va vous surprendre est que le téflon, de son vrai nom polytétrafluoroéthylène (PTFE) est une marque déposée de…polymère synthétique fluoré. Oui, le téflon tient plus du plastique que du métal Le téflon a été utilisé pour réaliser les joints d'étanchéité des contenants d'uranium des premières bombes atomiques. Il sera d'ailleurs au départ uniquement utilisé dans le secteur de la haute technologie et son prix était exorbitant. Mais les dates qui nous intéressent le plus sont 1945 ou le téflon est commercialisé et 1951 ou la première poêle à revêtement en téflon est commercialisée. En 1956, la marque téfal est créée. Tefal, marque française, est la contraction de Téflon et aluminium. Alors pourquoi le téflon est anti adhérent ? Et bien c'est la structure du matériau qui lui permet cette prouesse. Il ne réagit ni physiquement ni chimiquement avec les aliments. Dans les grandes lignes, les atomes de fluor qui entourent la molécule repoussent naturellement les autres molécules. Chimiquement, le téflon est inerte. Les liaisons carbone-fluor du PTFE sont en effet particulièrement stables, il est extrêmement difficile de les casser. Tout aussi difficile, donc, pour un aliment, de s'y accrocher. C'est sa composition intrinsèque qui en fait le super lubrifiant qu'on connaît. En fait, le vrai challenge est d'arriver à faire adhérer le téflon à la poêle elle-même. Et pour cela, on utilisait autrefois une colle, le PFOA qui était un perturbateur endocrinien et voilà d'où vient la polémique sur la toxicité du Téflon dont nous parlerons dans un prochain épisode. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

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Update On The Availability Of PTFE Liners and FEP Heat Shrink Tubing with Joe Rowan of Junkosha USA

Play Episode Listen Later Sep 13, 2022 11:07

Steve Maxson discusses the supply chain of PTFE Liners and FEP heat shrink tubing and expansion activities with Junkosha USA's President and CEO, Joe RowanJunkosha are pioneers of fluoropolymer-based technologies across many sectors including microwave interconnect and medical devices. This includes thin wall etched PTFE liners and peelable FEP heat shrink tubing for medical devices. Junkosha has three operations in Japan, including their headquarters as well as sites in the US, UK and China.For more information, visit https://www.junkosha.com/enHost: Steve Maxson | Innovation & Business Development Manager | US ExtrudersGuest : Joe Rowan | President & CEO | Junkosha USAAnnouncer: Bill Kramer | President | US ExtrudersProducer/ Editor/ Original Music: Eric Adair | Marketing Manager | US ExtrudersFor video episodes visit www.us-extruders.com/podcasts

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4 Types of Toxic Cookware to Avoid and 4 Safe Alternatives

Bright Side

Play Episode Listen Later Jul 24, 2022 12:06

We all know the importance of eating healthy, but not everyone knows that the cookware you use to prepare your dishes is just as important as the food itself. Even the healthiest diet can result in severe health problems if your pots and pans are toxic. Find out which cookware you should avoid by all means for the sake of your own health and the health of your family. The non-stick properties of Teflon cookware are achieved with a coating of PTFE. This is a plastic polymer that, when heated above 572°F, starts to release toxins. These toxic fumes lead to flu-like symptoms called polymer fume fever, informally known as Teflon flu. Another chemical compound found in Teflon cookware is especially threatening since it tends to stay in the body (as well as in the environment) for long periods of time. Try cast-iron cookware instead. It even comes in non-stick varieties. It doesn't leak anything toxic into your food and is actually a nice natural way to increase your body's iron levels. Though aluminum cookware is usually coated, the coating is prone to chipping, allowing the toxic metal to get right into your food. As for aluminum foil, using it while cooking is even more dangerous. In fact, there's an established safe amount of aluminum the human body can manage daily, and that's 20 mg per pound of body weight a day. When you wrap your food in aluminum foil and cook it this way, the amount of this substance that leaks into the food significantly exceeds the permissible level. Consider using glass cookware instead. If you've just enjoyed some fish in lemon juice or stewed tomatoes cooked in an uncoated copper pot and you find yourself suffering from extremely unpleasant symptoms (such as vomiting blood, light-headedness, yellowy skin, or gastrointestinal distress, among others) call 911 immediately. Try this safe alternative instead: stainless steel. Just make sure you're buying food-grade stainless steel since this is the only type that doesn't contain any nickel or chromium. Soft ceramic coating isn't durable enough and starts chipping after a few months of daily use. When this happens, lead and cadmium sometimes found in the coating will end up in your food and, thus, in your body. Lead poisoning is one of the most dangerous types of metal poisoning and can result in abdominal pain, headaches, infertility, and other health complications. Try this safe alternative instead: 100% ceramic cookware. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

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Additive Equilibration Technique – PDP121

starting basics restoring fundamentals technique dental dahl distributed anterior jaz additives easy peasy carlos sanchez north carolina usa ptfe full episode transcript

Play Episode Listen Later Jul 8, 2022 77:02

In this episode with Dr. Carlos Sanchez, we're going to take a look at the concept of additive equilibration as a way of managing tooth wear. In other words, it's an occlusion-based technique that involves adding composite or ceramic to achieve the ideal restorative results and we're going to try to help you understand what that is. There are also some themes that are discussed in the same way as the Dahl technique. https://youtu.be/TZ5FKkiscco Check out this full episode on YouTube Need to Read it? Check out the Full Episode Transcript below! Protrusive dental Pearl: Keeping PTFE tape secure - a straightforward trick I found to keep the PTFE so it doesn't get sucked away is to floss the PTFE through more distal contacts. It gives the PTFE some security and resistance to being sucked away. So it's not going to make that horrible sound and you get to keep that PTFE in the stable place! If you want to improve your skills and your understanding of occlusion, I've set up a free monthly resource for you starting this August! Just head to www.occlusion.wtf to sign up for monthly occlusion goodness. Highlights of this episode: 2:40 Protrusive Dental Pearl - Keeping PTFE tape secure 9: 43 Fundamentals of Additive Equilibration37:28 Journey of Additive Equilibration44:22 Additive Equilibration workflow in generalized wear cases1:00:37 Restoring lateral and central incisors for aesthetic reasons (after canines)1:06:36 Anterior coupling in class two increased overjet cases Check out CaSi 3C Instrument and all the other instruments that Dr. Carlos has made. Distributed by CosmeDent and Enlighten Smiles in the UK Another instrument you need to check out on Dr. Carlos' website is this Vacu-Grip. This little plastic insert that fits in your suction would hold your crown like an extra gravity. Check this Easy Peasy technique that Dr. Jaz mentioned: The ESIPC Jig ESIPC-JigDownload If you liked this episode, you will also enjoy Basics of Occlusion Click below for full episode transcript: Opening Snippet: Hello, Protruserati, I'm Jaz Gulati and welcome back to your favorite place to grow as a dentist. In this episode, we're discussing additive equilibrations for managing tooth wear. Jaz's IntroductionSo this is an occlusion-based one. Dental students and young dentists, it's a lot of things that we discussed that might stretch your mind a little bit. So if you're new to the world of occlusion, you might have to listen to it a couple of times, you have to hit the books, you have to speak some mentors. It's okay to listen to something that might be a little bit beyond your depth at this stage. Certainly, when I was doing inclusion, I had a lot of that. And I slowly, slowly, slowly, you know, gained more knowledge, spoke to more mentors gain new perspectives. So just because we cover some themes that you might not understand in this episode, doesn't mean you shouldn't give it your best shot. Now on that note, if you are looking for some basic, but powerful, impactful, actionable, and practical occlusion tips, then I've set up a free monthly resource right to your inbox. Starting from August, it's worthwhile just joining now, if you head to www.occlusion.wtf, that's right. It's www.occlusion.wtf. Listen, I'm on a mission to demystify occlusion. So with this very practical gem that I'll send you every month, I'm hoping to go a long way to help our peers. So do check it out, sign up, and I look forward to sending you some occlusion goodness. In this episode with Dr. Carlos Sanchez, from North Carolina USA, we discuss treating the worn dentition with something called the additive equilibration technique. So people think a equilibration is usually when you get to a bur and start drilling teeth away. Well, this is additive equilibration, we are creating the "ideal occlusion" or "ideal occluding" scheme by adding for example composite or ceramic or whatever it might be to get to our ideal restorative...

ElringKlinger AG | Elevator Pitch | Dr. Jens Winter, Head of Investor Relations

Elevator Pitches, Company Presentations & Financial Results from Publicly Listed European Companies

Play Episode Listen Later Jun 5, 2022 6:34

Meet Dr. Jens Winter, Head of Investor Relations at ElringKlinger AG. Jens will present his Elevator Pitch ▶️ Visit us: https://seat11a.com/ ▶️ In this podcast Jens explains: In a Nutshell Megatrends Trigger Transformation Group Strategy: Product Portfolio Transformation and Innovation Driving Content Per Car Broad Product Portfolio Enabling Green Mobility Global Efficiency Program Successfully Completed Summary Company Profile As an automotive supplier, ElringKlinger has become a trusted partner to its customers – with a firm commitment to shaping the future of mobility. Whether optimized combustion engines, high-performance hybrids, or environmentally-friendly battery and fuel cell technology, ElringKlinger provides innovative solutions for all types of drive system. ElringKlinger's lightweighting concepts help to reduce the overall weight of vehicles. As a result, vehicles powered by combustion engines consume less fuel and emit less CO2, while those equipped with alternative propulsion systems benefit from an extended range. In response to increasingly complex combustion engine technology, the Group also continues to refine and evolve its offering within the area of seals and gaskets in order to meet the highest possible standards. This is complemented by solutions centered around thermal and acoustic shielding technology. Additionally, the Group's portfolio includes products made of the high-performance plastic PTFE, which is also marketed to industries beyond the automotive sector. These efforts are supported by a dedicated workforce of around 9,500 people at 45 ElringKlinger Group locations around the globe. ---------------------------- ▶️ Visit us: https://seat11a.com/ ---------------------------- ▶️ Other videos: Elevator Pitches: https://seat11a.com/media-type/elevator-pitch/ Company Presentations: https://seat11a.com/media-type/presentation/ Financial Results: https://seat11a.com/media-type/financials/ The Big Conversations: https://seat11a.com/media-type/conversation/ ESG Topics: https://seat11a.com/media-type/esg/ Product Highlights: https://seat11a.com/media-type/products/ ----------------------------- ▶️ About seat11a: Seat11a is the next-generation roadshow for listed companies. We democratize financial intelligence by offering listed companies an investor video platform to address their message to Institutional and Professional Investors anywhere, anytime. ----------------------------- ▶️ For business inquiries: info@seat11a.com ----------------------------- Disclaimer: This publication is just for informational purposes only – it is not considered to give any investment advice! You agree to www.seat11a.com/legal/ and www.seat11a.com/imprint/

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Holding Pressure/Vascular Origin Stories - History of Hemodialysis Access

Audible Bleeding

Play Episode Listen Later Mar 28, 2022 30:38

Holding Pressure and Vascular Origin Stories: History of Hemodialysis Access In this crossover episode of Holding Pressure and Vascular Origin Stories Gowri and Marlene explore the history of hemodialysis access, the creation of arteriovenous fistulas and prosthetic grafts. During this episode Gowri interviews Dr. Appell- the surgeon who created the first AV fistula for hemodialysis access and Marlene interviews Dr. Schanzer about his experience with early hemodialysis access and the development of the distal revascularization and interval ligation procedure. Below you can find a picture of the first Teflon shunt used for hemodialysis, The Artificial Kidney Center Admission and Policy Committee (aka ‘God Squad'), evolution of early A-V shunts and Drs. James E Cimino, Kenneth Appell, Michael J. Brescia. Links to other podcasts on bioethics and finance of hemodialysis and the God Squad: Beside Rounds: Episode 26 The God Squad Freakonomics: Is dialysis a test case of medicare for all? References: [1] Klaus Konner. History of vascular access for haemodialysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant (2005) 20: 2629–2635. [2] B.H. Scribner, R. Buri, J.E.Z. Caner, R. Hegstrom, J.M. Burnell. Preliminary report on the treatment of chronic uremia by means of intermittent hemodialysis. Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs 1960; 6: 114–12. [3] Wayne Quinton, David Dillard, and Belding H. Scribner Authors. Cannulation of Blood Vessels for Prolonged Hemodialysis. Transactions of the ASA10, 1960, Vol. 6, pp. 104–107. [4] Brescia MJ, Cimino JE, Appel K, Hurwich BJ. Chronic hemodialysis using venipuncture and a surgically created arteriovenous fistula. N Engl J Med 1966; 275: 1089–1092 [5] Cimino JE, Brescia MJ. The early development of the arteriovenous fistula needle technique for hemodialysis. ASAIO J 1994; 40: 923–927 [6] Scribner. Hemodialysis Using an Arteriovenous Fistula. N Engl J Med 1966; [7] Baker, L. D., Jr, Johnson, J. M., & Goldfarb, D. (1976). Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) subcutaneous arteriovenous conduit: an improved vascular access for chronic hemodialysis. Transactions - American Society for Artificial Internal Organs, 22, 382–387. [8] Blagg, CR. Development of ethical concepts in dialysis: Seattle in the 1960s. Nephrology 1998; 4, 235-238 [9] Blagg CR. The Early History of Dialysis for Chronic Renal Failure in the United States: A View From Seattle. World Kidney Forum. [10] Rettig, RA. Origins of the Medicare Kidney Disease Entitlement: The Social Security Amendments of 1972. Biomedical Politics. Institute of Medicine (US) Committee to Study Decision Making; 1992 [11] Scribner, B. Treatment of Chronic Uremia. [12] United States Renal Data System. 2020 USRDS Annual Data Report: Epidemiology of kidney disease in the United States. National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, 2020. [13] Scribner, Belding. A Personalized History of Chronic Hemodialysis. American Journal of Kidney Diseases. Vol XVI No 6. December 1990. pp511-519 Hosts: Marlene Garcia-Neuer (@GarciaNeuer) is a MS4 at THE Ohio State University College of Medicine. Gowri Gowda (@GowriGowda11) is an MS3 at Tulane University School of Medicine. Guests: Dr. Harry Schanzer, Vascular Surgeon Mount Sinai Hospital and Bronx VA (retired) Dr. Kenneth Appel, General Surgeon, Bronx VA (retired) Calling all medical students! Submit your questions for the mailbag episode! Ask us any question related to vascular surgery, and have it answered on the podcast. Include the following Your name, school, and year Who you want to address the question to (resident, fellow, attending, or someone specific) Send them in writing, or in voice recorded format. Send them to HoldingPressure.AudibleBleeding@gmail.com. Also send us any ideas, suggestions, or comments. Please share your feedback through our Listener Survey! Follow us on Twitter @audiblebleeding Learn more about us at https://www.audiblebleeding.com/about-1/ and #jointheconversation. Please share your feedback through our Listener Survey! Credits: Author: Marlene Garcia-Neuer, Gowri Gowda Editor: Yasong Yu Reviewers: Sharif Ellozy, Adam Johnson

Zeiss, GoreTex, Intel : Ces marques "ingrédients" qui sont sorties de l'ombre

Le Super Daily

Play Episode Listen Later Mar 11, 2022 22:16

Épisode 745 : GoreTex, Intel, Surround, Teflon, Zeiss, Tetra Pack…Toutes ces marques ont un point commun. Ce sont des marques ingrédients.C'est quoi une marque ingrédient ?Et bien c'est une marque qu'une autre marque utilise dans le processus de création d'un produit.Historiquement, les marques des fournisseurs n'étaient pas visibles. Elles n'étaient pas identifiables dans le produit fini.Puis certains industriels ont osé investir sur leurs marques.Lycra, Intel, Gore-Tex, Tetra Pak ont été parmi les premières marques de fournisseurs à émerger et à se transformer en véritable marque ingrédient.La marque ingrédient est un élément intégré dans un produit fini.Elle apporte à ce produit un savoir-faire qui lui est propre.Souvent, ce savoir-faire est breveté (exemples : Lycra, Goretex, Intel Inside, Teflon…).En général, cela permet d'ajouter une valeur de différenciation au produit par rapport à ceux de concurrents.Qu'est ce que les marques ingrédients ?La marque ingrédient produit un élément qui est intégré dans un produit fini.C'est donc un composant qui en général est de qualité et qui permet à la marque du produit fini, de différencier son produit de celui des autres.Exemple : Lycra, Goretex, Intel inside, Teflon, scotch…Pourquoi ? (Co-Branding)Tout simplement parce qu'utiliser une marque ingrédient dans son produit fini c'est s'assurer une certaine qualité.Une marque qui développe un produit va faire appel à cette marque ingrédient quasiment comme un Co-Branding.Ça me fait penser à un pâtissier qui vend son dessert en mettant en avant la marque de chocolat qu'il a utilisé pour le faire : Valrhona.Souvent ces marques ingrédients possèdent un brevet d'une technologie.C'est grâce à cette technologie qu'ils deviennent une valeur ajoutée pour les marques avec lesquels ils vont collaborer. Par ailleurs ce système de quasi co-branding donne de la visibilité à la marque ingrédient pour finir pas exister par elle même !C'est tellement intéressant comme procédé que certains s'invente des marque ingrédients en interne comme Apple avec leur écran Retina.GoretexGoretex est un très bon exemple de marque ingrédient.À la base c'est une marque fonctionnelle issu de la chimie.C'est en 1958 que Will Bert et Geneviève Gore créer la société Gore.ils voient dans le PTFE (polytétrafluoroéthylène) un potentiel inexploité. Positionnement initial :  Le GORE-TEX est une marque « ingrédient ». Un matériaux technique breveté issu d'un gros travail de recherche. Marché initial : 100% B2B : fabriquant de vêtements et chaussures. A la base, la marque n'est pas spécialement mis en avant par ceux qui vendent des produit fini. Mais petit à petit le technologie Goretex se fait un nom.Depuis 2017, GORE-TEX prend un virage plus Lifestyle, et lance des collections éphémères en collaboration avec Converse, Comme des garçons, Off-White, Nike... Positionnement : GORE-TEX est une marque avant-gardiste à forte technicité.Marché : B2C en collaboration avec des marques Streetwear haut de gamme. Goretex x Adidas x Stella McCartneyGoretex x SupremeGoretex x PalaceSur InstagramC'est un compte dédié au collaboration de la marque[Compte Instagram GoreTex Studio]](https://www.instagram.com/goretexstudio/)C'est quand même 246k fans. C'est Fat, c'est un ligne éditorial exclusivement sur les collab. Donc c'est très lifestyle, très mode, très sportswear.Ensuite des compte par pays ou région comme EUCompte Instagram Gore Tex EULa c'est 122k fans. La ligne éditoriale tourne beaucoup plus autour de la technologie !Intel, la marque ingrédient devenu mainstreamIntel Corporation est une entreprise américaine fondée le 18 juillet 1968.Elle est le second fabricant mondial de semi-conducteurs après Samsung si on se fonde sur le chiffre d'affaires. Elle fabrique des microprocesseurs — c'est d'ailleurs elle qui a créé le premier microprocesseur.C'est du pur B2B.Intel InsideTrès vite l'entreprise a compris l'intérêt de travailler une marque forte.Une marque qui aille au delà de la relation fournisseur fabricant. Une marque qui puisse parler aussi au grand public et être un élément différenciant pour un fabricant de matériel informatique.Ce qui il y a de fascinant c'est qu'Intel ne fabrique pas d'ordinateur, de téléphone ou de tablette. Il n'en ont jamais fabriqué. Il fabrique des composants. Un truc très utile et précieux mais que personne ne voit.En 1984, la société Intel change de nom et de logo.La marque s'appelle Intel Inside et c'est réellement à partir de ce moment que la marque sort de l'ombre.Le petit autocollant Intel Inside on l'a tous vu.C'est culte. C'était aussi à l'époque signe que l'ordinateur qu'on achetait était puissant et à la pointe.Intel sur Instagram1,6 millions d'abonnés.Compte InstagramTrès interessant parce qu'on retrouve évidemment énormément de références aux produits et aux marques intégrant les processeurs Intel. Dell, HP, Acer…C'est très très tech. Il ya des Q&A sur les derniers processeursLe reels de IntelIntel sur TikTok79k abonnésCompte TikTokOn y apprend pas mal de trucs.Il est pas mal question de Gaming mais aussi réalité virtuelle et plus globalement d'innovation.Intel a même un site ecommerce dédié pour son merchandisingLa boutique en ligneTetra pakC'est une entreprise Suède en Suisse, d'emballage de produits alimentaires et de solution de traitement.Tétras pack a été créé en 1951 c'est la filière d'une autre entreprise d'emballage alimentaire.Démarre sur l'invention du berlingot en forme de tétraèdre régulier.C'est en 1991 qu'elle développe ses activités sur le traitement des produits alimentaires.Le but est d'optimiser l'utilisation de l'espace en changeant la forme des emballages.Et c'est notamment aujourd'hui ce qu'on retrouve dans toutes les briques de différents jus ou lait.Sur les réseaux c'est 79 000 fans sur Facebook et 13 000 sur Instagram.Compte FacebookCompte InstagramC'est une marque qui communique autour de piliers assez clair.On a clairement un pilier RSE autour du climat, et de ce que fait tétras pack pour protéger l'environnement.On a un pilier autour de la technologie. Ou on va expliquer comment on réalise ses briques.Et on retrouve plein de format différent de la vidéo, de la photo, de la citation...On retrouve même une vidéo face caméra d'un professeur de l'université de Yale qui nous parle de ses nouvelles technologies et comment elles soutiennent le futur.Zeiss, la marque de lentille cultissimeAutre exemple de marque ingrédient Zeiss.Zeiss c'est le leader mondial de l'optique de précision.Zeiss c'est une marque historique créée en 1846, par Carl Zeiss en Allemagne.Ils ont toujours été dans l'optique.Là aussi, c'est fascinant. Zeiss n'a jamais vendu le moindre produit en direct.Pourtant c'est une marque connu partout dans le monde par le grand public.Il faut dire que la marque travaille fort sur les leviers de communication B2B2C.Zeiss sur Instagram c'est un écosystème complet avec une petite dizaine de comptes certifiésIl y a Zeiss Vision careCompte InstagramQui met en avant l'expertise dédié aux lunettes et plus globalement à l'eye-liner ware (masques de skis, accessoires d'entretien pour les lunettes). C'est le coeur de métier de la marque.Zeiss Camera LensesCompte Instagram314 abonnésQui met vraiment en avant les photographes.Zeiss Cinematography112k abonnésCompte InstagramZeiss HuntingCompte InstagramZeiss MicroscopyCompte Instagram46k abonnésMet en avant l'expertise de la marque sur les microscopes professionnels.. . .Le Super Daily est le podcast quotidien sur les réseaux sociaux. Il est fabriqué avec une pluie d'amour par les équipes de Supernatifs.Nous sommes une agence social media basée à Lyon : https://supernatifs.com/. Nous aidons les entreprises à créer des relations durables et rentables avec leurs audiences. Ensemble, nous inventons, produisons et diffusons des contenus qui engagent vos collaborateurs, vos prospects et vos consommateurs.

PFAS Explained

Empowering Industry Podcast - A Production of Empowering Pumps & Equipment

Play Episode Listen Later Jan 17, 2022 50:51

This week Bethany and Bekah talk about implications for the social media stats from 2021.Then Charli interviews several members from the Fluid Sealing Association, all about PFAS, PTFE, and legislation surrounding the chemicals.Joining us on the interview today we have:Ron Frisard, Global Training Manager at AW Chesterton, Rob Coffee, VP of Sales & Marketing at Proco Products, and Phil Mahoney, Director of Engineering Services for AW Chesterton.Charli digs into what they do for the industry and also touches on PFAS and the critical work that the FSA is leading when it comes to dissecting these and advocating for the chemicals under this umbrella that are in fact not hazardous materials - an example of this is PTFE that is critical for manufacturers in the sealing industry and shouldn't be looped into the PFAS conversation and legislation. [Interview Starts @20:54]Links to connect:https://www.linkedin.com/in/ronfrisard/https://www.linkedin.com/in/rob-coffee-35808513/https://www.linkedin.com/in/phil-mahoney-9677141/https://www.fluidsealing.com/Watch this episode on YouTube.Resources and Links:Get the digital editionSign up for the NewsletterPerson of the Weekhttps://www.linkedin.com/in/leeroymathias/ Nominate an Industry Person of the WeekEmpowering Women Meetup - Wed. Feb. 9Empowering Brands Meetup - Tues, Jan 18Empowering Women PodcastIndustry Person of the WeekLunch & Learn with VinceSustainability SummitTsurumi's GSZ pump Social Media Implicationshttps://empoweringpumps.comhttps://empoweringwomeninindustry.comTwitter | Facebook | LinkedIn | Instagrampodcast@empoweringpumps.comhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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Orbitals

Play Episode Listen Later Oct 28, 2021 16:21

Polymer membranes make everything from rain jackets to medical devices. But they're also integral parts of hydrogen fuel cells, powering cars that give off nothing but water vapor. How do fuel cells work, and why aren't you driving one yet? Solutions is made with funding and featuring scientists from 3M, Ascend Performance Materials, Baker Hughes, BASF, Dow, DuPont, Procter & Gamble, PPG, Royal DSM, SABIC, Solvay, and W. L. Gore & Associates, none of whom influenced any editorial decisions.

energy sustainability transportation 3m dupont dow procter gamble basf ppg polymer fuel cells baker hughes raincoat solvay hydrogen fuel cells sabic ptfe royal dsm

A Motoring Millennial Update - Fuel Lines & Fast ETs

Motoring Millennials

Play Episode Listen Later Aug 11, 2021 22:24

On the latest episode of Motoring Millennials - Anthony and Zach talk about some recent accomplishments, from the garage to the drag strip! Topics include:A preview of next week's guests.The quest for an 11 second street car at our latest track day.Lucci's Buick fuel line, from steel to PTFE.All of that, and much more! We hope you enjoy the latest episode. Follow along at Motoring Millennials on Facebook and Instagram, and be sure to check out our new apparel store at motoringmillennials.com.Keep on Motorin'

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33: 奥运场馆设计：融入城市还是成为地标？

所建所闻

Play Episode Listen Later Aug 7, 2021 58:19

简介：奥运如火如荼引得全球关注，它的场馆设计也同样带来过巨大波澜。 2020东京奥运会主场馆的设计，原本是由Zaha Hadid事务所获得第一名，但却获得了许多反对的声音，其中一条就是“尺度过大、与周边环境不协调”。尽管Zaha调整方案，但还是失去设计资格。日本政府再次举办设计竞赛，最后由Kengo Kuma事务所中标。一个体育场馆是否要与城市协调？如何去和城市协调？怎么样算是协调？节目最后也没谈清，但是聊到了许多有意思的纪录片和延伸阅读文章，贴在下方相关链接中。此外我们也引出了另一个话题：奥运之后，这些巨型场馆该如何利用？这个我们决定再聊一期，敬请期待。人物：雨晨：那个不具名的建筑师璟璐相关链接：东京奥运主场馆Zaha经预算缩减调整后的4分钟方案视频简介，内网链接 (https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1yA411A7GM) 方案23分钟完整陈述，YouTube 链接 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KWQGwz3vdb4) 伊东丰雄、菊竹清训、丹下健三等日本建筑师的师承关系 (https://www.zhihu.com/question/23404693/answer/102674486) 1964年东京奥运会主场馆-代代木体育馆，澎湃文章《从1964东京奥运会看日本建筑与设计：混凝土中的重生》介绍了体育馆设计的时代背景 (https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_8560345) 西泽立卫的电影《Tokyo Ride》 (https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Ha4y1p7Zb/) Steven Holl 设计了 The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art 的扩建部分 (https://www.archdaily.com/4369/the-nelson-atkins-museum-of-art-steven-holl-architects)，该美术馆位于美国Kansas City，收藏了山西洪洞广胜下寺原正殿西壁《炽盛光经变图》 Zaha未建成的十大项目，第二个项目就是雨晨提到的卡迪夫歌剧院方案 (https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/27416995) Herzog & de Meuron 设计的新波尔多体育场 (https://www.archdaily.cn/cn/767725/xin-bo-er-duo-ti-yu-chang-herzog-and-de-meuron) 弗雷·奥托（Frei Otto，1925～2015）最早将张拉膜作为结构形式应用于建筑中，创造出自由多变，轻盈飘逸的建筑造型 (https://www.archdaily.com/511689/happy-birthday-frei-otto) PTFE膜材料，不透明，通常以索网张拉结构应用于建筑中，拉伸强度达到钢材水平，易于形成复杂的曲面造型，案例有：慕尼黑奥运会主场馆； ETFE膜材料，透明，通常以气垫的形式应用于建筑中，气垫的经济跨度一般在3~5 m，案例有：水立方、慕尼黑安联体育馆 “Beijing Preservation” - OMA建筑事务所2003年所做的关于北京历史保护的研究课题 (https://www.oma.com/projects/beijing-preservation) 延伸阅读：哥伦比亚大学建筑系出的Koolhaas写的小书《Preservation is Overtaking Us》 (https://www.arch.columbia.edu/books/reader/6-preservation-is-overtaking-us) 纪录片《建筑师与老城》 (https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1hs411Q7c9/)，所记录的是1999-2003年葡萄牙建筑师Alvaro Siza被邀请来指导西非佛得角圣地亚哥岛上的古镇Cidade Velha的建筑修复这期间的故事由扎哈·哈迪德（Zaha Hadid）为2012年伦敦奥运会设计的伦敦水上运动中心 (https://www.gooood.cn/london-aquatics-centre-zaha-hadid.htm)，其17500个座位中的15,000个都是临时座位，在奥运后和残奥会后，将只保留2500个永久座位，减少运维成本纽约宾州车站（Penn Station）加建部分2021年投入使用 (https://www.sohu.com/a/441819567_653291) 收听方式：推荐在泛用性播客客户端中搜索「所建所闻」订阅之后收听。苹果手机推荐使用Podcasts、Overcast、Castro 安卓手机推荐使用AntennaPod、Pocket Casts、Castbox 此外还可以在「小宇宙」及Spotify上收听。联系方式：网站：architalk.xyz 邮箱：hi@architalk.xyz 新浪微博：所建所闻 (https://m.weibo.cn/profile/6895347942) Twitter：ArchiTalkXYZ (https://twitter.com/ArchiTalkXYZ) Instagram：architalk.xyz (https://www.instagram.com/architalk.xyz/)

art kansas city preservation herzog zaha penn station zaha hadid meuron kengo kuma ptfe koolhaas newsdetail alvaro siza

Episode 464: Forever Chemicals: What are PFAS?

The Whole View

Play Episode Listen Later Jul 9, 2021 79:24

The Whole View, Episode 464: Forever Chemicals: What are PFAS? Welcome back to episode 464! (0:28) Science has shown, pretty unequivocally, how harmful these chemicals are for decades. It's not recent science. And what we see in modern days is regulatory agencies not being able to keep up with capitalism demands. This topic is difficult to see in something other than a "conspiracy" lens. But that is why it's important to Stacy and Sarah now, more than ever, to make sure they stick to scientific research as much as possible. There are specific areas known to have high levels of PFAS. If you know you're in one of those areas, it's possible to test your blood for your exposure levels. Stacy reminds the audience that she and Sarah are not medical professionals. So, if you have any health concerns around this topic, be sure to see a doctor. What Are Forever Chemicals? PFAS are a class of man-made chemicals used to make products greaseproof, waterproof, and stain-resistant. (7:30) They are "forever chemicals" because they and their breakdown products are extremely persistent, lasting thousands of years or more. But, unfortunately, we have no way to speed up the breakdown, so they end up bioaccumulating in the environment and our bodies. Of the more than 9,000 known PFAS compounds, the U.S. uses 600 alone! Countless products, including firefighting foam, cookware, cosmetics, carpet treatments, and even dental floss, contain PFAS compounds. PFAS stands for perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances- chemicals with at least one aliphatic perfluorocarbon moiety (e.g., -CnF2n-). PFAS includes multiple subclasses of chemicals: PFAA - perfluoroalkyl acids and perfluoroalkylether acidsPFOS - perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOA - perfluorooctanoic acid (C8, used to make PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene, aka Teflon) PFAA precursors Fluoropolymers Perfluoropolyethers other (primarily less reactive) PFAS The most consistent feature within the class of PFAS is that their perfluorocarbon moieties do not break down or do so very slowly under natural conditions. This is why PFAS have often termed "forever chemicals." Because PFAS are persistent, they accumulate or concentrate in the environment, including water, air, sediment, soil, and plants. Elevated levels of PFAS and their widespread presence in environmental media and drinking water stem from industrial sites that produce or use PFAS, airports, military bases (fire-training and response areas), landfills, wastewater treatment plants, and the spreading of PFAS-contaminated biosolids. Some PFAS are highly mobile in either air or water. This allows them to travel long distances from their sources. It's important to note that we don't metabolize PFAS molecules. Sarah recommends this great article and this review for more information. How Do They Harm Health? A better question might be how do they not harm health because their detriment is incredibly pervasive. (10:50) Data from toxicokinetic studies of PFAA indicate that they are generally well-absorbed after ingestion. After absorption, they distribute blood to organs and tissues that receive high blood flow, such as the liver, kidney, lung, heart, skin, testis, brain, bone, and spleen. Because PFAA can occupy sites on multiple receptors, proteins, and cell interfaces in the body, they can produce physiological effects across various tissues. Nine nuclear receptors are activated (controls gene expression), including PPAR-alpha, which controls fatty acid beta-oxidation and is a major regulator of energy homeostasis. They also bind to a variety of serum proteins, including steroid hormones and albumins, which are transport proteins (e.g., vitamin D-binding protein) Scientists have found direct links (with mechanisms identified) between PFAS exposure and kidney and testicular cancer, thyroid disease, liver damage, developmental toxicity, ulcerative colitis, high cholesterol, decreased fertility, pregnancy-induced preeclampsia and hypertension, and changes in hormone functioning. Immune dysfunction, such as Asthma, Osteoarthritis, Crohn's & U.C., R.A., Type 1 diabetes, Lupus, and M.S, are also linked to PFAS. PFAA and the Immune System Effects on the immune system are some of the most well-studied health effects of PFAA. (14:51) Multiple lines of evidence support PFAA as immunotoxicants and, more specifically, immunosuppressants at small administered doses in rodents and measured serum concentrations in humans. Findings of suppressed vaccine response in humans and T cell-dependent antibody response in experimental animals led the U.S. National Toxicology Program (NTP) to classify PFOA and PFOS as presumed immune hazards to humans. In a recent draft toxicological profile, the U.S. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) extended this finding to PFHxS and perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDeA), identifying all four compounds as suppressants of antibody response in humans. They are also unregulated greenhouse gasses! Sarah explains that these chemicals are in our environment, all around, which makes them impossible to avoid. Also, there is data showing they can, in fact, be absorbed through the skin, not just when ingested, as many company websites indicate. Additional associations still need further study to identify mechanisms, but dose responses are very damning! Obesity & Diabetes: A Review of Epidemiologic Findings Association with risk of cardiovascular diseases Obesity (dose response) Type 2 diabetes Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Cardiovascular disease Osteoporosis PFAS magnifies metabolic effects of poor diet PFAS Buildup and Our Bodies Even more worrisome, this study showed 100% of breastmilk tested contained PFAS. An analysis of the available breast milk PFAS data from around the world showed that while the phased-out PFOS and PFOA levels have been declining, the detection frequencies of current-use short-chain PFAS have been increasing (with a doubling time of 4.1 years). This is consistent with the idea that they are forever and build-up. So even with using less, we're still seeing a build-up over time. There is a ton of current legislation pending to limit and/or ban PFAS in cosmetics. For listeners who might not know, Stacy is a huge advocate for clean beauty and safer skincare. She works with Beauty Counter to help get safer products into consumer's hands and uses her background in government to lobby for safer beauty standards. With all the safer skincare legislation Stacy has seen in recent years, she decided to research the history of PFAS to see if even more legislation is necessary. It turns out- it is. Sarah has recently gotten into the "Dark History" YouTube series by Bailey Sarian. Episode 1 is on this very topic, "The DuPont Chemical Poisoning." The film "Dark Waters" (which Sarah just watched with a free Showtime trial) is a not-quite-as-cool Erin Brokovich approach to going into detail. History: Discovery to Litigation Stacy runs through a quick timeline: (25:52) 1930 General Motors and DuPont formed Kinetic Chemicals to produce Freon. 1935 Dupont opened "one of the first in-house toxicology facilities" on the advice of a DuPont in-house doctor named George Gehrmann. The facility was meant to thoroughly test all du Pont products as a public health measure to determine the effects of du Pont's finished products on the "health of the ultimate consumer" and that the products "are safe" before going "on the market". 6 April 1938 a 27yo research chemist worked at the DuPont's Laboratory with gases related to DuPont's Freonrefrigerants. When an experiment he was conducting produced an unexpected new product: polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE), a saturated fluorocarbon polymer—the "first compound in the family of Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) marketed commercially." It took ten years of research before polytetrafluorethylene (introduced under its trade name Teflon) became known for being "extremely heat-tolerant and stick-resistant." 1950s 3M manufactures PFAS, according to the 2016 lawsuit brought against 3M, 3M had "disposed of PFCs, and PFC-containing waste at a facility is owned and operated in Oakdale, Minnesota (the "Oakdale Facilities")" during the 1950s. It contaminated residential drinking water wells with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and heavy metals. It later became a city park after extensive cleanup. 1951 "The DuPont chemical plant in Washington, West Virginia, began using PFOA in its manufacturing process." 1954 DuPont received an inquiry about C8's "possible toxicity." 1956 A study at Stanford found that "PFAS binds to proteins in human blood." 1960s DuPont knowingly buries hundreds of drums of C8 on the banks of the Ohio River 1963 The Navy began to work with 3M to develop aqueous film-forming foams (AFFF). 1961 A DuPont in-house toxicologist said C8 was toxic and should be "handled with extreme care." 1965 DuPont sent an internal memo describing preliminary studies that showed that even low doses of a related surfactant could increase the size of rats' livers, a classic response to exposure to a poison. 1970s 3M (appears to) discover PFAS accumulate in human blood. 3Ms own experiments on rats and monkeys concluded that PFAS compounds "should be regarded as toxic." 1976 The Toxic Substances Control Act provides EPA with authority to require reporting, record-keeping and testing requirements, and restrictions relating to chemical substances and/or mixtures. Certain substances generally excluded from TSCA include food, drugs, cosmetics, and pesticides. This list did not disclose any PFAS contaminants. 1983 3M announced their $6 million hazardous waste cleanup from their disposal processes. 1998 "Dark Waters" lawyer, Robert Billott, took a case representing Wilbur Tennant, a W.V. farmer, whose had a herd of cattle decimated by strange symptoms. 1998 The EPA was first alerted to the risks of PFAS—human-made "forever chemicals" that "never break down once released and they build up in our bodies." In a 2000 Times article, the EPA said that they first talked to 3M in 1998 after they were first alerted to 3M's 1998 laboratory rat study in which "male and female rats [received] doses of the chemical and then mated. When a pregnant rat continued to get regular doses of about 3.2 milligrams per kilogram of body weight, most of the offspring died within four days." Summer of 1999 Bilott filed suit. 2000 a study widely detected PFOS in wildlife throughout the world" and that "PFOS is widespread in the environment." They said that "PFOS can bioaccumulate to higher trophic levels of the food chain" and that the "concentrations of PFOS in wildlife are less than those required to cause adverse effects in laboratory animals." 17 May 2000 3M stopped manufacturing "PFOS (perfluorooctanesulphonate)-based flurosurfactants using the electrochemical flouorination process," which is a "class of chemicals known as perfluorochemicals (PFCs). Stacy didn't even get into how the Navy and other public services used them to fight fires and increase environmental fire with Aqueous Film Forming Foams (AFFF). 17 May 2000 3M stops manufacturing Scotchgard because of their "corporate responsibility" to be "environmentally friendly." Their tests proved PFOS, an agent that 3M used in the fabrication of Scotchgard— which lingers in the environment and humans. Barboza said that 3M's "decision to drop Scotchgard" would likely affect DuPont's use of PFOAs in the manufacturing of Teflon. Their testing showed "it does not decompose, it's inert—it's persistent; it's like a rock." August 2000 Bilott discovers PFOA or C8 in DuPont's dumping sites Fall of 2000 Bilott gets access to 110,000 pages of documents dated back to the 1950s of DuPont's "private internal correspondence, medical and health reports and confidential studies conducted by DuPont scientists." March 2001 DuPont settled the lawsuit filed by Billot on behalf of Tennant for an undisclosed sum. Bilott sends a 972-page submission to directors of all relevant regulatory authorities: EPA and US AG demanding "immediate action to regulate PFOA 31 August 2001 Bilott files a class-action suit on behalf of thirteen individuals in the "Leach case." 23 November 2004 The class-action lawsuit settled and "established a court-approved scientific panel to determine what types of ailments likely linked to PFOA exposure." This led to thousands of residents then opting to pursue individual lawsuits after medical monitoring showed harm. 2005-2006 The C8 Health Project undertaken by the C8 Science Panel "surveyed 69,030 individuals" who had "lived, worked, or attended school for ≥ 1 year in one of six contaminated water districts near the plant between 1950 and 3 December 2004." 2006 The EPA brokered a voluntary agreement with DuPont and eight other major companies to phase out PFOS and PFOA in the United States. 2014 The EPA's Federal Facilities Restoration and Reuse Office (FFRRO) developed and published a fact sheet which provided a "summary of the emerging contaminants perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), including physical and chemical properties, environmental and health impacts, existing federal and state guidelines, detection and treatment methods. 2016 The EPA "published a voluntary health advisory for PFOA and PFOS," which warned that "exposure to the chemicals at levels above 70 parts per trillion, total, could be dangerous." 13 February 2017 The 2001 class-action suit that Bilott had filed against DuPont, on behalf of the Parkersburg area residents, resulted in DuPont agreeing to pay $671 million in cash to settle about 3,550 personal injury claims. These claims involved a leak of perfluorooctanoic acid—PFOA or C-8— used to make Teflon in its Parkersburg, West Virginia-based Washington Works facilities. DuPont denied any wrongdoing. Fall 2017 abnormally high levels of PFAS found in Belmont, Michigan, became one of the first places where PFAS contaminations caught the media's attention.[71] Wolverine Worldwide, a footwear company, was said to be the cause due to their use of Scotchgard to "treat shoe leather" and had dumped their waste in that area decades ago. 2017 PFAS are on Canada's 2019 chart of substances prohibited by the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999 (CEPA) and by Prohibition of Certain Toxic Substances Regulations, 2012. These substances are under these regulations because they are "among the most harmful" and "declared toxic to the environment and/or human health," are "generally persistent and bioaccumulative." The "regulations prohibit the manufacture, use, sale, offer for sale or import of the toxic substances listed below, and products containing them, with a limited number of exemptions." [72] 10 January 2018 According to the U.S. Department of Health & Human Services's Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), studies in humans with PFAS exposure show certain PFAS may affect growth, learning, and behavior of infants and older children, lower a woman's chance of getting pregnant, interfere with the body's natural hormones, increase cholesterol levels, affect the immune system, and increase the risk of cancer." 30 January 2018 three branches of the EPA exchanged chains of emails with OMB, DoD, HHS, and the Pentagon, to put pressure on the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). It aimed to censor a report that measured the "health effects" of PFAS that are "found in drinking water and household products throughout the United States." An email by an unidentified white house administration forwarded by OMB said that "The public, media, and Congressional reaction to these numbers is going to be huge. The impact to EPA and [the Defense Department] is going to be extremely painful. We (DoD and EPA) cannot seem to get ATSDR to realize the potential public relations nightmare this is going to be." March 2018 The United States Department of Defense's (DoD) 's report to Congress said the test they conducted showed the amount of PFAS chemicals in water supplies near 126 DoD facilities "exceeded the current safety guidelines." [65] The DoD "used foam containing" PFAS chemicals "in exercises at bases across the country." The DoD, therefore, "risks the biggest liabilities" concerning the use of PFAS chemicals, according to Politico (published May 2018) 21 June 2018 The Department of Health & Human Services Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry(ATSDR) 697-page draft report for public comment, "Toxicological Profile for Perfluoroalkyls," was finally released. June 2019 Described as a "huge step toward cleaning up the prevalence of and prevent further contamination from PFAS chemicals in-ground, surface and drinking water," the Department of Environmental Services of the state of New Hampshire submitted a "final rulemaking proposal" for new, lower maximum contaminant levels. They then filed a lawsuit against Dupont, 3M, and other companies for their roles in the crisis in drinking water contamination in the United States. The lawsuit claims that the polluted water results from the manufacture and use of perfluorinated chemicals, a group of more than 9,000 compounds collectively known as PFAS.[2] September 2019, Andrew R. Wheeler, EPA Administrator, met with industry lobbyists and said that "Congressional efforts to clean up legacy PFAS pollution in the National Defense Authorization Act for fiscal 2020" were "just not workable." Wheeler refuses to "designate PFAS chemicals as "hazardous substances" under the Superfund law." 1 October 2019 A lawsuit filed in the Merrimack County Superior Court by 3M and two others against the state aimed to prevent the new permitted levels for PFOA, PFOS, PFNA, and PFHxS from implementation. 4 October 2019 over 100 scientific experts representing many countries "recommended that a group of hazardous chemicals"—"Perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), its salts, and PFHxS-related compounds"—be eliminated to better protect human health and the environment from its harmful impacts." 10 March 2020 EPA announced its proposed regulatory determinations for two PFAS in drinking water. In a Federal Register notice, the agency requested public comment on whether it should set maximum contaminant levels for PFOA and PFOS in public water systems. April 2021: Landmark bipartisan legislation proposed to protect all Americans and our environment from harmful forever chemicals known as per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). The package establishes a national drinking water standard for select PFAS chemicals, designates as hazardous to allow the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to clean up contaminated sites https://debbiedingell.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=2975 June 2021: No PFAS in Cosmetics Act introduced with bi-partisan support, coinciding with the publication of a study finding over half of cosmetics contain them. One study found toxic 'forever chemicals' widespread in top makeup brands. The act would require the Food And Drug Administration to ban the chemicals' use in such products within 270 days. June 2021 They also reintroduced the Personal Care Product Safety Act, a bill that would take a major step forward to update our laws governing cosmetics. These laws have largely stood unchanged since 1938. [caption id="attachment_45315" align="aligncenter" width="740"]Source: https://www.ewg.org/pfaschemicals/what-are-forever-chemicals.html[/caption] See this link for an even more detailed timeline of PFAS and toxic chemicals. What Are PFAS In? PFAS functions in many capacities, including surfactants, friction reducers, and water, dirt, and oil repellents. (50:01) As such, they are used in a wide variety of consumer products to confer nonstick (waterproof, greaseproof, and stainproof) and low-friction properties. Examples of products that contain or coated with PFAS include: Some grease-resistant paper, fast food containers/wrappers, microwave popcorn bags, pizza boxes, and candy wrappers Nonstick cookware Stain-resistant coatings used on carpets, upholstery, and other fabrics Water-resistant clothing Umbrellas, tents, any fabric that repels water (pet bed covers, some mattresses, shoes, etc.) Cleaning products Personal care products (shampoo, dental floss) and cosmetics (nail polish, eye makeup) Paints, varnishes, and sealants Electronics Some industrial glass and plastics PFAS are also used directly or as technical aids (dispersants and emulsifiers) in many industrial applications like metal coatings, lubricants for machinery, membranes, and firefighting foams. PFAS are used in the synthesis of or as adjuvants in pesticides, in medical procedures and products, and in many other applications. PFAS in Cosmetics The FDA has a voluntary registration program (VCRP) which shows an overall decrease in use (about half from 2019 to 2020). But their site states- "because registration and product listing are voluntary, this data cannot draw definitive conclusions about the types and amounts of PFAS present in registered cosmetics or to determine which cosmetics may contain PFAS but have not been registered in the VCRP." [caption id="attachment_45319" align="aligncenter" width="740"]Source: https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetic-ingredients/and-polyfluoroalkyl-substances-pfas-cosmetics[/caption] The Environment and Water Supply Because of their widespread use, release, and disposal over the decades, PFASs show up virtually everywhere: soil, surface water, the atmosphere, the deep ocean—and even the human body. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Web site says that the agency has found PFASs in the blood of nearly everyone it has tested for them, "indicating widespread exposure to these PFAS in the U.S. population." Scientists estimated that more than 200 million people—most Americans—have tap water contaminated with a mixture of PFOA and PFOS. These are at concentrations of one part per trillion (ppt) or higher. Problems with PFOA-Free (PFOS-free, PTFE-free) The most well-studied of these substances, PFOA, and PFOS, have been linked to various health problems. (59:45) Bad press and class-action lawsuits have put pressure on companies to discontinue the use of PFOA and PFOS, but not PFAS as a chemical class. The regulatory bodies have not kept up with the chemical industry either! When some major manufacturers phased out long-chain PFAS, most industries turned to structurally similar replacements. These include hundreds of homologues with fewer fluorinated carbons (short-chain PFAS) or other less well-known PFAS (e.g., per- and polyfluoroalkylether-based substances). Producers marked these replacement PFAS as safer alternatives because of their presumed lower toxicity and lower level of bioaccumulation in human blood. However, several lines of evidence suggest that short-chain PFAS are not safer alternatives. Research demonstrated that short-chain PFAS can be equally environmentally persistent and are even more mobile in the environment and more difficult to remove from drinking water than long-chain PFAS. Bioaccumulation of some short-chain PFAS occurs in humans and animals. For example, fish research suggests they can do more than the long-chain compounds they aim to replace. Short-chain PFAS also can be more effectively taken up by plants. However, a growing body of evidence suggests they are associated with similar adverse toxicological effects as long-chain PFAS. The ongoing accumulation of persistent chemicals known or potentially hazardous increases human and environmental health risks over an indefinite period. Look for PFAS-free specifically. It's not enough to be PFOA, PFOS, and PTFE-free. What Can We Do About It? The problem with these chemicals is that there unavoidable. However, we can take steps to protect ourselves. (1:05:01) Make sure the makeup brands you're using test for safety! PFAS and toxic chemicals are the kind of thing someone wouldn't know about unless they checked and tested the product for them. If you shop Beautycounter, use code cleanforall20 for 20% off your purchase. Of course, you can always email Stacy for advice at stacy@realeverything.com! Avoid plastics and coated papers for food storage whenever possible. Also, avoid nonstick cookware or look for ceramic coatings that are PFAS-free, like Le Creuset or Greenpan or silicone liners. Filter your water. Stacy and Sarah love AquaTru, which they talked about in Episode 406. Also, be sure to think about other exposure areas, such as clothing, carpeting, etc. Call Your Representatives! April 13, 2021, House representatives introduced the PFAS Action Act of 2021, a comprehensive 40-page piece of legislation that would require the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to take several significant PFAS regulatory actions. Keep Food Containers Safe from PFAS Act (H.R. 2727) is soon to be reintroduced by Michigan Rep. Debbie Dingell. Call your representatives to support the proposed environmental justice plan that specifically calls out forever chemicals, tackles PFAS pollution by designating PFAS as a hazardous substance, setting enforceable limits for PFAS in the Safe Drinking Water Act, prioritizing substitutes through procurement, and accelerating toxicity studies and research on PFAS." The new administration could carry out all of these goals unilaterally through executive action without Congress's cooperation. Dan Kildee (MI) and Brian Fitzpatrick are heading the bipartisan PFAS Task Force. They have a LONG list of people in the task force with goals. No PFAS in Cosmetics Act Personal Care Product Safety Act Natural Cosmetics Act (not updated since introduced in 2019) Also, Stacy encourages you to text Better Beauty to 52886, which will cover these bases. Support advocacy groups like Environmental Working Group, Toxic-Free Future | Science, Advocacy, Results, Safer Chemicals, Healthy Families, Earthjustice: Environmental Law: Because the Earth Needs a Good Lawyer | Earthjustice other local groups. EPA says reverse osmosis (but not filters, like Brita, unfortunately) removes PFAS. Lastly, don't get suckered into PFAS detoxes! Currently, there is no established treatment for PFAS exposure. However, blood levels will decrease over time after a reduction in exposure to PFAS.

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PCB Chat 78: Peter Bigelow on 50 Years in PCB Fabrication

PCB Chat

Play Episode Listen Later Jun 11, 2021 25:23

IMI Inc., a printed circuit board fabricator in Haverhill, MA, celebrated its 50th anniversary in May. CEO and president Peter Bigelow joins Mike Buetow to discuss the company's golden anniversary, its focus on niche PTFE boards, and how manufacturing in the US might attract new talent for future prosperity. This podcast is brought to you by Turnkey PRO from Sierra Circuits. What if you could source your components, upload your specs and receive an instant quote in less than 15 minutes? What if your designs could be fabricated, assembled and delivered to your door in five days with a guarantee of zero defects? Then try Turnkey PRO by Sierra Circuits for your next design, and use promo code PCBCHAT to receive $200 off your next order.

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Adhesive dentistry by Dr. Shibu & Dr. Rajeeve P2

32 Minute

Play Episode Listen Later Jun 6, 2021 33:58

Adhesive dentistry Part 2 ! In this episode expert conservative dentists Dr. Shibu & Dr. Rajeeve speak about Cavity Designs Finishing your cavity preparation Wedging in Class 2 restorations Pre wedgingBonding agents 4th generation / 6th generation / 8th generation /Which is best for which situation?Bonding techniquesAir thinning VS microbrush technique to reduce the thickness of bonding agent? How do we do air thinning? Putting air directly on the cavity ??PTFE (plumbers tape) and its uses in adhesive dentistry. Busting myths about Curing lights / under and over curingWhat is 20 - 10 - 20 rule ?What kinds of matrix bands & retainers do our experts Dr. Shibu and Dr Rajeeve prefer?#dentalpodcast #dentistry #composite #DSD #Bonding #Class2 #restoration #restorativedentistry #conservativedentistry #endodontics #bondingagents #PTFE #dentist #odontologia #cavityprep #toothprep #3m #Shofu #GArrison #Bioclear #matrices #retainers

putting class dentistry curing adhesives ptfe

33: The Ugly Truth About Nonstick & PFAS Chemicals

Healthy Home Hacks Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later May 5, 2021 26:36

Are you still stuck on nonstick or other stain-, grease- and water-resistant chemicals found in coatings on cookware, carpets, and clothing, in microwave popcorn bags and fast-food wrappers; even on waterproof and stain-repellent clothing? In this episode, we interview Tasha Stoiber, Ph.D., a senior scientist from the Environmental Working Group. Tasha explains what PFAS chemicals are, how you and your family are exposed, and shares the associated health implications including the impacts on cancer, immune function, metabolic outcomes, and neurodevelopment. Found in the body of virtually every person tested, Tasha explains the biggest source of exposure to PFAS’s and why they’re often referred to as ‘forever’ chemicals. Tasha leaves listeners with steps people can take right now to reduce their exposure to these poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs).

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Ceramic Nonstick Skillets, PTFE Nonstick Skillets, and Woks, Oh My!

Consumer Review Report in McKeesport

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 25, 2021 54:00

I dare you to find a nonstick skillet, for stir-frying, that's durable, easy to use, has a large capacity, and has a long-lasting, slick nonstick surface without a lot of maintenance and all of that for a reasonable price.

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192. Dr. Stacy Sims On Female Physiology and Training Differences Between the Sexes

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 22, 2021 46:44

Everything from training to fueling has predominantly been researched on men and written about by men. Women’s hormonal variations tend to skew research data so those results are often thrown out. As a professional triathlete, Dr. Stacy Sims recognized that she was poorly served by the same recommendations that male athletes were getting. So she set out to change that through her work. She has written a book called ROAR: How to Match Your Food and Fitness to Your Female Physiology for Optimum Performance, Great Health, and a Strong, Lean Body For Life where she breaks down her message that “women are not small men”. Women can learn to cater their training, nutrition, and hydration when they understand the changes they go though in their cycles. You can get an introduction to her work to the now famous TED Talk titled "Women are Not Small Men". In our conversation today, we talk about: Nutrition recommendations throughout a menstrual cycle and different phases of life RED-S syndrome with strategies for prevention and treatment Changes that women undergo during peri and post menopause Common differences between men and women in training and nutrition The future of exercise physiology research Links & Resources from the Show: Learn about courses and coaching resources from Dr. Stacy Sims Follow her on Instagram and Facebook WILD.AI coaching platform High Performance Sport New Zealand organization Kathryn Ackerman at Boston Children's Hospital Thank you to XOSKIN for sponsoring this episode, who’s offering 20% off with code ‘SR’ at checkout! I was introduced to this company a few months ago and have been impressed with the quality of the shorts, socks, and shirt that I’ve been wearing. They’re soon launching a men’s base liner and women’s lightweight shorts. To be the first to know when the new items are launched, follow them on social media at @xoskinusa. XOSKIN is the only seamless athletic apparel brand in the United States, using 3-dimensional knit structures and their patented materials (PTFE and Copper) to create apparel with superior wicking and drying capabilities that work in all kinds of environments and conditions. Their apparel has been used in some of the most challenging races in the world, from Death Valley in the middle of summer, to the sub-zero temperatures of the Arctic. XOSKIN’s material feels great against the skin and the fit is so comfortable you’ll forget you’re even wearing it. Their patented materials are your best defense against chafing, blisters, hot spots and odor. Unlike most technology in athletic apparel which is gone after a few washes, XOSKIN’s RapiDriCopper™ technology is molecularly boned to the fiber and won’t wash out. Be sure to check out XOSKIN to see all of their shirts, tights, socks, compression sleeves, and more. Their clothes are made for both men and women so you’re sure to find something that suits your needs. Use code SR (not case sensitive) to get 20% off your order!

188: Harness the Power of a Growth Mindset with Professor Alison Pope-Rhodius

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 8, 2021 54:08

Alison Pope-Rhodius is a professor of Applied Sport and Performance Psychology and a Program Director at Holy Names University in California. She is a Certified Mental Performance Consultant and the co-editor of Excelling in Sport Psychology: Planning, Preparing, and Executing Applied Work. As an expert in this field, Alison got to travel the world working with elite archers and coaches, culminating in working with the U.S. team and U.K. number one archer at the 2004 Olympics. She has been an active member of the Association for Applied Sport Psychology (AASP) for many years and was made a Fellow in 2018. Alison brings an approachable understanding of what the growth mindset is and how athletes can use it to their advantage. In our conversation, we talk about: Details of what a growth mindset is Common pitfalls to avoid How to recognize when you are in a fixed mindset Tips for practicing this technique Alison also shares about the power of controlling the elements that you can, and letting go of the rest. Links & Resources from the Show: Follow Alison on Twitter Read more on the growth mindset Additional podcast on mastering your mindset Get our free mindset email series! Thank you to XOSKIN for sponsoring this episode, who’s offering 20% off with code ‘SR’ at checkout! I was introduced to this company a few months ago and have been impressed with the quality of the shorts, socks, and shirt that I’ve been wearing. They’re soon launching a men’s base liner and women’s lightweight shorts. To be the first to know when the new items are launched, follow them on social media at @xoskinusa. XOSKIN is the only seamless athletic apparel brand in the United States, using 3-dimensional knit structures and their patented materials (PTFE and Copper) to create apparel with superior wicking and drying capabilities that work in all kinds of environments and conditions. Their apparel has been used in some of the most challenging races in the world, from Death Valley in the middle of summer, to the sub-zero temperatures of the Arctic. XOSKIN’s material feels great against the skin and the fit is so comfortable you’ll forget you’re even wearing it. Their patented materials are your best defense against chafing, blisters, hot spots and odor. Unlike most technology in athletic apparel which is gone after a few washes, XOSKIN’s RapiDriCopper™ technology is molecularly boned to the fiber and won’t wash out. Be sure to check out XOSKIN to see all of their shirts, tights, socks, compression sleeves, and more. Their clothes are made for both men and women so you’re sure to find something that suits your needs. Use code SR (not case sensitive) to get 20% off your order!

184. How to Engineer a Marathon Breakthrough: A Behind-the-Scenes Coaching Call

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Play Episode Listen Later Mar 25, 2021 57:43

Brian is a consistent runner with two decades of experience and over 25 marathons under his belt. While his fastest marathon was 2:59 back in 2013, he hasn't been able to set a new PR since. As a member of Team Strength Running, Brian has the opportunity for these coaching calls. In this episode, listen to Jason and Brian talk about: His history and background as a runner What he's doing right in his training (and should continue) The improvements he can take to keep getting faster Why Jason is encouraged that he will meet his big goal! Brian is currently following the Half Marathon Training Plan from the High Performance Lifting program. He has added strides to his runs, lifts to support his training, and is training for a shorter distance than his goal race. All that is going to pay off! Brian has exciting opportunities to improve his marathon race time and we are all awaiting to hear about his next big race. From your feedback, I know that these types of coaching calls resonate with many of you. If you are interested in hearing more of these behind-the-scenes calls, check out the recent episodes with another masters runner and a discussion on running your first marathon. This information and support is the foundation of the Strength Running team, where you can join our thriving community. Thank You XOSKIN! Thank you to XOSKIN for sponsoring this episode, who's offering 20% off with code 'SR' at checkout! I was introduced to this company a few months ago and have been impressed with the quality of the shorts, socks, and shirt that I’ve been wearing. They're soon launching a men’s base liner and women’s lightweight shorts. To be the first to know when the new items are launched, follow them on social media at @xoskinusa. XOSKIN is the only seamless athletic apparel brand in the United States, using 3-dimensional knit structures and their patented materials (PTFE and Copper) to create apparel with superior wicking and drying capabilities that work in all kinds of environments and conditions. Their apparel has been used in some of the most challenging races in the world, from Death Valley in the middle of summer, to the sub-zero temperatures of the Arctic. XOSKIN’s material feels great against the skin and the fit is so comfortable you’ll forget you’re even wearing it. Their patented materials are your best defense against chafing, blisters, hot spots and odor. Unlike most technology in athletic apparel which is gone after a few washes, XOSKIN’s RapiDriCopper™ technology is molecularly boned to the fiber and won’t wash out. Be sure to check out XOSKIN to see all of their shirts, tights, socks, compression sleeves, and more. Their clothes are made for both men and women so you're sure to find something that suits your needs. Use code SR (not case sensitive) to get 20% off your order!

182. Tension, Impact Force, and Energy Return: A Running Technique Masterclass

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Play Episode Listen Later Mar 11, 2021 62:31

Shane Benzie is a running coach, movement specialist, researcher and the founder of the Running Reborn coaching platform. He has worked with beginners to world record holding runners all over the world to help them harness their elasticity and improvement their movement. His work has taken him to six continents and many different environments, where he lives with and trains with elite athletes, tribes and indigenous people to crack the code of natural human movement and how to turn it into human performance. This conversation covers: Why impact doesn't cause running injuries but mismanagement of impact could How to assess your running form and what to look for Proper mechanics of a foot strike Tips on moving beautifully while running What you can do in your daily non-running life to support your training How to modulate stride length while maintaining cadence Links & Resources from the Show: Find Shane on Running Reborn Shane's book: The Lost Art of Running Free Form Cues Worksheet mentioned in this episode Thank you XOSKIN! Thank you to our newest sponsor, XOSKIN, who’s offering 20% off with code ‘SR’ at checkout! I was introduced to this company a few months ago and have been impressed with the quality of the shorts, socks, and shirt that I’ve been wearing. XOSKIN is the only seamless athletic apparel brand in the United States, using 3-dimensional knit structures and their patented materials (PTFE and Copper) to create apparel with superior wicking and drying capabilities that work in all kinds of environments and conditions. Their apparel has been used in some of the most challenging races in the world, from Death Valley in the middle of summer, to the sub-zero temperatures of the arctic. XOSKIN’s material feels great against the skin and the fit is so comfortable you’ll forget you’re even wearing it. Their patented materials are your best defense against chafing, blisters, hot spots and odor. Unlike most technology in athletic apparel which is gone after a few washes, XOSKIN’s RapiDriCopper™ technology is molecularly boned to the fiber and won’t wash out. Be sure to check out XOSKIN to see all of their shirts, tights, socks, compression sleeves, and more. Their clothes are made for both men and women so you’re sure to find something that suits your needs. Use code SR (not case sensitive) to get 20% off your order!

Fool me once, fool me twice

What The F Is Ladylike?

Play Episode Listen Later Feb 25, 2021 58:34

Red rover, red rover send Perseverance on over. NASA landed a rover on Mars. Portland's storm. And Sara and Juel dive into our topic this week discussing and story of your pots and pans, Teflon a brand name. Our objective here is to provide information so you know, not to take on PTFE or Teflon. PTFE: the non-stick material (Teflon) PFOA: chemical used in the production of Teflon. PFOS: chemical related to PFOA. Up until 2015, Teflon was made using a chemical called Polytetrafluoroethylene, also known as Teflon, is made with four ingredients -- fluorspar, hydrofluoric acid, chloroform, and water, which are combined in a chemical reaction chamber heated to between 1094-1652°F (590-900°C). 1. If it's scratched you are at risk of exposure to toxic chemicals. 2. Cooking at high temperatures can increase off-gassing of toxic chemicals into your food. 3. Once you discard it, any PTOA that gets released into the environment will never leave. 99 percent of Americans have PFAS in their blood. Unless it specifies ceramic or silicon based non-stick, non-stick cookware contains some form of PTFE or related plastic compound. The replacement chemical chemical for PFOA (also known as C8) is GenX. Our replacement we recommend that we use: Stone and Ceramic, other safe options Cast Iron, Glass, Stainless Steel. Safety tips you keep your non stick pots, pans, cookie sheets and muffin tins. Risky : Empty pan, preheated 507° F: Heated on high for 1 3/4 minutes in a lightweight pan. Pan preheated with 2 Tbsp. oil 514° F: Heated on high for 2 1/2 minutes in a lightweight pan. Hamburgers 577° F: Cooked on high for 8 1/2 minutes in a heavyweight pan. Steak 656° F: Cooked on high for 10 minutes in a lightweight pan. Produced by: What The F Is Ladylike?, Sound Engineer: Brenden Ginn (he is only as good as the files he receives) Music: Comeback Karma! Song Cruisin --- Photo Credit: Simen Velichko, Photo Design: Art by Sarak --- Support and Visit: Meal X Change --- Jessie Sponberg www.urbansurvivorman.com ---Watch Doug https://twitch.tv/pinkmist76 with us on Twitch! pinkmist76 --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app

How On-Site Clean Rooms Set Technetics Apart

Getting Technetical

Play Episode Listen Later Nov 12, 2020 13:43

Often, in manufacturing, being almost to standard would be a disaster. Products must be built just right, with the consequences of falling short sometimes the difference between the success or failure of a product. Andrew Bastion, Technetics Group’s Director of Product Management and Strategy, and his team know things must be done almost perfectly. Luckily, they are able to use on-site clean rooms to make sure contaminates aren’t introduced in the process. Having a trio of clean rooms, two rated Class 8 and one Class 5, on-site means that, unlike many of its competitors, Technetics doesn’t have to ship products off to a facility elsewhere. Many other companies are moving products long ways to places like Florida or California. “I don’t know of any that have an on-site Class 5 clean room,” Bastian said. “I believe that we’re the only one, and that’s the reason that we’ve done very well in this. If you need a product that is clean and need it fast, we have to be one of the best options, because everyone else is shipping them back and forth across the country.” The process saves a minimum of three days but often saves even more time if normal shipping is used rather than overnight. Technetics’ advantage in the area is clear. That’s great news for a number of companies in industries, but particularly in the semiconductor and medical device industries, which need mission-critical PTFE that stands up to the rigors of their applications. “The two major industries where we’re seeing this used are semiconductor and medical device. Semiconductor is definitely the largest by volume. They used PTFE in their wet chemical processes and any debris or FOD, foreign-object debris, in the process is a potential contaminate on a wafer,” Bastion said.

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هل استخدام أواني الطبخ المانعة للصق الطعام آمنة

SBS Arabic24 - أس بي أس عربي ۲٤

Play Episode Listen Later Oct 28, 2020 6:28

المهندس الكيميائي عبدالله عباس: هذه المادة مختصرها العلمي PTFE وتجاريا تدعى " التفلون" مركب رباعي يحتوي على أربع مواد مخلوطة، وهي "خاملة كيميائيا" ولا تتفاعل مع الأحماض و القواعد

ptfe

The ABCs of PTFE Tape and Film with Rodrigo Costa

Getting Technetical

Play Episode Listen Later Jun 4, 2020 17:08

People may be most familiar with PTFE tape under its sometimes-moniker, plumber’s tape. But, as Technetics’ product manager Rodrigo Costa explained, there are many different uses and applications for PTFE tapes and films. “PTFE tapes are interesting because of its chemical inertness, so it is resistant to any solvent,” Costa said. “it’s nontoxic, and it has a broad temperature range, workable with temperatures up to 160 degrees Celsius.” Unsintered tapes can be used as a wiring cable insulator to prevent breakdowns and sparks. Technetics can customize and color the tapes to meet a customer’s specifications. Engineered PTFE tapes use special additives to enhance specific properties. Costa said Technetics often changes the properties of these tapes and films to meet a customer’s need for better wear resistance or thermo-conductivity. “The main application for our PTFE tapes is wire and cable,” Costa said. “Other interesting applications are bearings or bushings. The films are applied to metal substrates and formed into bushings.” Some compression packing applications use a PTFE film turned into yarn. It’s the high temperature of operation that makes PTFE so desirable for wiring and sealing applications.

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A Look at PTFE Product Solutions with Andrew Bastian

Getting Technetical

Play Episode Listen Later May 13, 2020 11:22

Andrew Bastian, Director of Product Management and Strategy, Technetics stopped by Getting Technetical to talk about Technetics’ PTFE product assortment and their capabilities. While Technetics offers a wide range of stock shapes of PTFE sheets, rods and tubes, they also customize these products to exact forms and thicknesses to meet customer specifications. “In some cases, we can create shapes that no one else can,” Bastian said. “We can make a cylinder longer than anyone I know of.” High quality is the premier consideration for Technetics in creating these PTFE products. “We work with all the major resin producers,” Bastian said. “And our working environment is controlled and clean.” Stocked with state-of-the-art automated equipment and manufactured utilizing a well-experienced staff, Technetics stands behind all of the products it produces. When it comes to etching sheets, Bastian said the key is to ensure the produced sheet is flat. A well-produced flat sheet will reduce the need for re-etching. Another element to a well-produced sheet is a low amount of color variation after etching. And, if assistance with picking the right PTFE product is needed, Bastian mentioned Technetics’ customer service team with their average 20-year industry experience. “They know the industry, and they know how to help you get you what you want, even if you don’t know what you want, yourself,” Bastian said.

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Episode 5 Operation PTFE

Dave The Grave

Play Episode Listen Later Aug 30, 2019 5:10

DAVE THE GRAVE Basildon gravedigger struggling to make a living in a dying industry. Dave the Grave is a 5-minute comedy for busy people. Can be heard in the time it takes to boil an egg. Episode 5 - Operation PTFE Dave exposes secrets of the Teflon Operation from Highgrove from his trusty source, Thermo Couple, a plumber from Heating and Greeting.

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Perfekte Mundhygiene Teil 3 - Gewachste oder ungewachste Zahnseide

Rund um Zähne - Wissenswertes aus der ganzheitlichen Zahnmedizin

Play Episode Listen Later Jul 30, 2019 6:12

Stehen sie auch schon mal in der Drogerie in der Mundhygiene Abteilung und können sich nicht zwischen gewachster oder umgewachster Zahnseide entscheiden? In dieser Episode bekommen Sie eine klare Entscheidungshilfe. Viel Spass beim Flossen!

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The Top 7 Toxins to Avoid for Better Sleep and Health [Podcast 63, Part 2]

Breathe Better, Sleep Better, Live Better Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later May 16, 2019 32:00

In this episode Kathy and I continue our conversation about the most common toxins that we're exposed to on a regular basis. We will talk about the potential dangers of fluoride, flame retardants and Chlorine. Show Notes: Fluoride, Flame retardants, Chlorine Previous podcast #62 on the following toxins: BPA, PTFE, phthalates, lead Dr. Weston Price: Nutrition and Physical Degeneration Sleep Interrupted: A physician reveals the #1 reason why so many of us are sick and tired Why Some Women Have Throat Pain Before Periods Fluoride and IQ study Chlorine swimming pool and asthma study Negative health effects of chlorine Branch Basics Discount

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The Top 7 Toxins to Avoid for Better Sleep and Health [Podcast 62]

Breathe Better, Sleep Better, Live Better Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later May 8, 2019 34:49

I don't want to sound like Chicken Little, but the sky is not falling. However, we are literally bathing in a myriad of potentially toxic and harmful toxins and pollutants in our everyday lives. We touched on some of these toxins during my interview with Dr. Trasande. In Part 1 of today's episode, Kathy and I will go over 4 of the 7 common toxins that all of us may be exposed to on a regular basis. Some of these can definitely affect your sleep quality. Stay tuned for our next episode when I reveal the next 3 toxins. Click here to find out what these common toxins are and how you can lower your exposure. Show Notes Dr. Trasande, author of Sicker, Fatter, Poorer interview Slow Death By Rubber Duck Sleep interrupted Environmental Working Group (EWG) Micro-poop theory article Homemade cleaning products on Pinterest Branch Basics cleaner review

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#429: Amerika en de rest van de omgeving

Tech45

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 10, 2019 69:45

Follow-up Je kan via deze link al je Apple-abonnementen beheren. Op je PS4 spelen via Remote Play werkt goed. Heavy Rain is 9 jaar na release nog altijd zeer goed te spelen. Onderwerpen Ruurd en Davy hebben AirPods 2 gekocht. Stuur gerust een factuur naar Google en Facebook, met een beetje geluk betalen ze die zelfs! Waarom de laatste twee grote titels van Bioware zo tegenvielen. Ikea & SONOS Tips Maarten: Blackout & Tradfi draadloos plug-in stopcontact Ruurd: dBrand Pencil skin & PTFE pencil tip Davy: UnreadToon: Polygonia Maarten Cox: Kikk festival, Pink Floyd Full Dome Experience & PS4 controller op iOS

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What to Expect: CV Coding Boot Camp

MedAxiom HeartTalk: Transforming Cardiovascular Care Together

Play Episode Listen Later Dec 5, 2018 9:22

The MedAxiom Revenue Cycle Solutions team gives us a sneak peek into what's new for 2019 coding and documentation guidelines. Also, they detail what we can expect from each of the four sessions of their upcoming CV Coding Boot Camp 4-part webinar series. To register, please visit https://www.medaxiom.com/events . Please register for each webinar individually to comply with AAPC rules and earn CEUs. Each of the four webinars offers 1.5 CEUs. For MedAxiom members, each session each free. For non-members, the price is $99 per attendee per session. CV Coding Boot Camp Session 1: CV Diagnostic Testing Coding and Medical Necessity RequirementsDecember 17, 2018 at 1:00 PM-2:30 PM ESTInstructors: Nicole Knight, LPN, CPC, CCS-P and Jammie Quimby, CPC, CCC, CEMC, CCS-P, CPMA, CRCThis session provides an overview of the tools and technology used for Cardiovascular Diagnostic testing. How are these services coded? What are some of the payer guidelines for reimbursement? What are the documentation, supervision and place of service requirements for these various services?CV Coding Boot Camp Session 2: 2019 Cardiovascular CPT Coding ChangesDecember 18, 2018 at 1:00 PM-2:30 PM ESTInstructors: Nicole Knight, LPN, CPC, CCS-P and Joline Bruder, CPC, CPMA, CCVTC, CGSCDuring this webinar, we will provide an overview of the New, Revised, and Deleted CPT codes for 2019 that impact Cardiovascular services. We will discuss how these changes will affect provider documentation, coding, and reimbursement processes. We will also define changes in the final Medicare physician fee schedule.CV Coding Boot Camp Session 3: Cardiac Cath Lab Procedure CodingDecember 19, 2018 at 1:00 PM-2:30 PM ESTInstructor: Jammie Quimby, CPC, CCC, CEMC, CCS-P, CPMA, CRCWe will review the coding and documentation principles in both diagnostic cath coding, coronary interventions and PV procedures, and apply these concepts to actual case examples.CV Coding Boot Camp Session 4: Coding and Documentation Guidelines for Open Vascular and AV FistulasDecember 20, 2018 at 1:00 PM-2:30 PM ESTInstructor: Joline Bruder, CPC, CPMA, CCVTC, CGSCIn this webinar we will review CPT coding, billing and documentation requirements as they pertains to open Vascular and AV Fistula procedures. Topics include: Endarterectomies, Open Thrombectomies, Bypass Grafts- Venous, PTFE, AV Fistula Coding, and Amputations.

Amazing Practice Growth with Dr. Paul Etchison (DHP213)

The Dental Hacks Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Nov 9, 2018 80:23

Jason and Alan are joined by dentist/podcaster/author Dr. Paul Etchison! Paul is THAT guy! The one who did a startup about 10 years ago with two ops and doing his own hygiene that grew into a monster practice with multiple associates and specialists! In episode 213 we discuss: How do you write a book? Why start a podcast? Should you have a backup autoclave or air compressor? His story of small office to monster practice! Al and Paul's experience in the Dominican Republic How important is office culture? (hint: VERY) What is a "virtual case review" and how has that increased big cases in Paul's office? Al's chicken update Paul's links: Dental Practice Hero Dental Practice Heroes Podcast Links from the show: Our "clinical hack of the week" feature a trick for closed tray implant impressions. You can't beat PTFE (teflon) tape! To keep impression material out of the impression coping ends you can wad teflon up kind of fat and gently pack it into the top. Keeps impression material out and is super easy to remove after you take the impression out of the mouth. Jason also suggests Tak model block from Great Lakes Orthodontics. The Voices of Dentistry meeting is going to have an amazing speaker line up! Keep your eyes on Facebook and Instagram to watch as we roll out huge names like: Dr. Jamison Spencer, Dr. Tarun Agarwal, Dr. Erin Elliott and the most popular dental speaker of all time...Dr. Jason Lipscomb! The Voices of Dentistry will be at the DoubleTree resort on January 25-26! Go buy your tickets at www.voicesofdentistry.com right now. We've been using a new cement in our offices and it's made by our friends at Bisco. It's called Theracem. It's a dual-cured, calcium and fluoride-releasing, self-adhesive resin cement indicated for luting crowns, bridges, inlays, onlays and posts (prefabricated metal/non-metal/fiber posts). My favorite thing about it is that it delivers a strong bond to zirconia and most substrates with no priming or etching required. It's fluoride and calcium releasing and is pleasantly radioopaque on the x-ray. It's also super easy to clear. It's kind of perfect, really. Go check out Theracem from Bisco at dentalhacks.com/theracem! Cosmedent is featuring a friend of the show in an amazing course this December! Dr. Bob Margeas is giving his course "Practical Tips Using Composite Resin in Everyday Practice" on December 14-15th. It's in the greatest classroom in all of dentistry, overlooking Michigan Avenue in downtown Chicago and it promises to bring your composite skills to a new level! Go check out the course at dentalhacks.com/bobmargeas. Mr. Thirsty One Step is a bite block and a tongue guard with built in suction. It's great for dentists and hygienists because it removes water spray, retracts the cheek and tongue and keeps the patient's mouth open all in one easy to use and disposable package. There are several options out there for these kind of mouth guards, so why is Mr. Thirsty better? First, it's all one piece there is nothing to sterilize or clean. Take it out of the package, use it, then toss it. Secondly, the bite block has a little less "give" than it's competitors, and in my hands...that's a plus. You should check out Mr. Thirsty at dentalhacks.com/mrthirsty and use the coupon code "TRIAL10" on the website for $10 off of a Mr. Thirsty One Step trial kit! This is a great deal on a great product, so go check it out! "Implants-the Surgical/Restorative Connection" is being offered December 7-8th at the Spear Education campus in Scottsdale, AZ. If you act now, you can save $200 on your registration for this value packed course! It features Dr. Gregg Kinzer's restorative perspective and Dr. Jim Janakievski's surgical expertise to help you learn treatment planning, placement and restoration of implant restorations from simple to complex. Check it out and sign up at dentalhacks.com/spearimplants. You won't want to miss this one! The Dental Hacks Nation closed Facebook group has over 25,000 members! Head over there to interact with other Dental Hacks listeners, guests and Brain Trust members every day, all day! Remember…if you don’t have anything “dental” on your FB page, we might decline your membership request. So IM the group or email us at info@dentalhacks.com! Go Hack Yourself: Jason: mightynetworks.com Paul: Time Meter app Alan: Holy Ghost by John Sanford If you have any questions or comments for us please drop us an email at info@dentalhacks.com or find us (and like us!) at www.facebook.com/dentalhacks. Or, if you prefer…give us a call at (866) 223-5257 and leave us a message. You might be played in the show! If you like us, why not leave us a review on iTunes? It helps us get found by like minded people and might even help us get into “What’s Hot” in the iTunes store! Go to this link and let the world know about the Dental Hacks! Finally, if you aren’t an Apple person, consider reviewing us on Stitcher at: stitcher.com/podcast/the-dentalhacks-podcast! If you would like to support the podcast you can check out our Patreon page! Although the show will always remain free to download, our Patreon supporters get access to special bonus content including (at least) one extra podcast episode every months! Also be sure to check out the Dental Hacks swag store where you can find t-shirts, stickers coffee mugs and all sorts of other things that let the world know you’re a part of the Hacks Nation.

Larisa Begs Alison to Stop Using Teflon & More

Crunchy Cocktail Hour with Alison Thompson & Larisa Weihbrecht

Play Episode Listen Later Aug 10, 2018 49:51

All cookware isn't created equal. Listen in as we break down the pros and cons of the most common types of cookware and as Larisa gives her best shot at prying the non-stick pans out of Alison's hands. Links Mentioned in the Episode: Drink Recipe: Peach Bellini Follow us on social (Instagram, Facebook) to check out our products of the month, stay on top of giveways, and just see what we're up to! Earth911 Recycling Search for responsible disposal of old cookware. If disposing of non-stick pans, call to ensure they have the resources to remove the coating. Cookware The Good The Bad Thoughts/Recommended Brands Teflon or Other Non-Stick Easy to cook on Non-stick and easy to clean Affordable Emits toxic fumes that are hazardous to human and animal health Are fumes from overheated nonstick cookware hazardous to birds? DuPont and Chemours Settle Teflon Toxin Lawsuit Larisa does not recommend any Teflon or non-stick cookware PFOA-free on a label does not make it Teflon technology, however any non-stick surface that is not ceramic, silicone, etc. is a polytetraflouroethylene (PTFE) and contains toxic fumes Ceramic Coated Non-stick and easy to clean Affordable Chips and scratches easily Material will flake off in food Often aluminum underneath enameled surface Short life span Can't easily find out what makes up the coating If you choose to go this route, don't use metal kitchen tools that will easily scratch the surface Watch for chipping Don't buy anything that doesn't explicitly tell you about what makes the coating and ensure there aren't heavy metals (lead) Recommended Brands: GreenPan Pure Ceramic Guaranteed no heavy metals; no lead Scratch resistant Long life span If dropped, it breaks Heavy Not good for searing Expensive Only somewhat non-stick Larisa recommended! Recommended Brands: Xtrema - Use code SaveX10 for 10% off Stainless Steel Durable Moderately priced for long life span Doesn't rust Not non-stick Extremely small amounts of nickel can leach into food; only an issue for those with nickel sensitivity Larisa recommended! Recommend using silicone and other non-metal cookware utensils to avoid scratching and preserve the life of the cookware Recommended Brands: All-Clad Cuisinart Le Creuset Viking Cast Iron Leaches iron which is a mineral many people have a deficiency in; may also be a con if you have too much iron Non-stick Long life span Initial prep Can't cook acidic foods without impacting the seasoning of future food Not allergy friendly as allergens may not be completely removed when cleaning the cookware Recommended Brands: Lodge Calphalon King Kooker Enameled Cast Iron Non-stick without the need for traditional cast iron cookware prep It's pretty! Does not leach iron; may also be a con if you're iron deficient Expensive Glaze can contain heavy metals Podcast Correction: You can cook acidic foods in enameled cast iron! Recommended Brands: Lodge Le Creuset Episode Sponsor: Lola Lola is a subscription service offering a line of 100% organic cotton tampons, pads, and liners. With Lola you will receive an adorable box when you need it, that is fully customizable. You can select the mix of products, number of boxes and frequency of delivery. You can cancel, skip and order or modify your subscription at any time –there’s no surprises or gimmicks so you can feel confident giving this a try. The FDA doesn’t require brands to disclose a comprehensive list of ingredients in their feminine care products, so it’s no surprise that most of them don’t. The major brands use a mix of synthetic ingredients that may also be treated with harsh chemical cleansing agents, fragrance, and dyes. With Lola you can take comfort in knowing that you are using 100% organic products.

fda material scratch initial recommend dupont stop using teflon begs pfoa ptfe

Flex and Material Sets with Chris Hunrath

Play Episode Listen Later Jun 12, 2018 40:47

The rise in flex applications across all industries from medical to automotive, aerospace and military uses means more opportunity for material suppliers to innovate and meet demand. Here what industry expert Chris Hunrath has to share, from general guidelines for designing circuits unique for flex and materials that can be autoclaved over and over. Listen in to this week’s OnTrack expert to learn about flex and material sets. Show Highlights: Medical applications (i.e. instruments for surgery), automotive, aerospace, military Foils - as you go thicker, its harder to make electrodeposited. More bend cycles out of rolled and yield General Guidelines for designing circuits unique for flex: In general, avoid circuits making turns or bends in bend/flex area - don’t make the circuits go in different directions there and also avoid plated holes in those areas. From a stackup standpoint, balance the construction. Thinner is usually better. Look for opportunities for cracking at the bend point. Cross hatch ground planes have multiple advantages. Pyralux HT, DuPont - new product with unbelievable thermal performance. A continuous operating temperature. Imagine a flex circuit that can be autoclaved over and over. We are a material sciences company. There are really unique ways to put these building blocks together. Links and Resources: Pyralux HT See all the show notes Hi everyone this is Judy Warner with the Altium OnTrack Podcast. Thanks again for joining us. Today we have another incredible subject matter expert that you'll be familiar with because we've had him here before, which is Chris Hunrath from Insulectro and we're going to talk about flex and material sets and all kinds of really great things. So hang tight for that. Before we get going please, I invite you to connect with me on LinkedIn, I share a lot of things there for designers and engineers and on Twitter I'm @AltiumJudy and Altium is on Facebook, Twitter and LinkedIn. Today Chris has some Show and Tell and so I encourage you if you - Chris will take time to describe what he's showing, but if you want to see it, feel free to go to our YouTube channel at Altium, click under videos and you'll see all our podcasts there. And you can click on this podcast and then you'll be able to visually see the materials and things that Chris is referring to today - and that's always available by the way - on YouTube so we record simultaneously in video and in audio so just know that's always an opportunity there for you. So Chris, welcome back, thank you. Thanks, Hi. Thanks for joining again. So at the end of last time's podcast, we were talking about the rise in flex applications and sort of the increasing amount of business actually Insulectro's doing around flex materials, new materials are going out so I really wanted to take this opportunity to learn about what is driving this uptick in flex, what applications are driving it , what the cost, performance implications of that is, and so let's just start with what is driving this uptick in flex? So a lot of it's medical, you know, and the way electronics are finding their way into medical applications. Actually it's everything, it's automotive, it's aerospace military - military has always been a big user of flex, but of course you know, all the new inventions that are used in medical applications - certainly some devices are implantable and that's something that's not new, but then we're seeing a lot of applications where instruments are being created that are used, for surgeries and things and they use flex circuits and that's because you can make things very small which is always an advantage when it comes those applications and we're even seeing some applications where the products are reused. They're being sterilized, autoclaved, what have you and then they're being reused. But lots of new techniques, lots of new devices being developed using flex. Most people are familiar with traditional flex applications like your laptop screen, very often the interconnect between the main system and the screen is a flex circuit. You know the old flip phones all had flex circuits, your inkjet printers had a dynamic flex circuit between the printhead and the actual motherboard and the printer, and actually that's something I do want to point out is, you know we describe flex applications in two main buckets. One is dynamic flex and the other is the flex to install and it's just exactly what it sounds like is flex to install. Typically you're only bending the circuit once or twice to fit it in whatever it needs to go into and then that's it. Whereas dynamic flex, the part’s flexed in use many, many, many times. I think that something that most people can relate to because you can see it, is the flex inside copy machines right, you can see that dynamic flex moving again and again and so are the materials - the entire circuitry is rated to have X amount of dynamic motions for the life of, it or how does that work? Yeah actually that's a pretty good point and that can become very complex. A lot of it has to do with layer count, the base material. You know the most popular base material for flex circuits in reflow assembled PCB - a little different than printed electronics applications - where you're using conductive adhesive, but if you're doing reflow assembly, the most common material's polyimide film, and one of the most common materials is Kapton, but the thickness of the materials, the type of copper circuitry, the thickness of the copper foil - all those - play into a number of bend cycles even the type of copper, whether you use rolled annealed, which is very common in Flex, versus electron deposited- Okay -well that can get very complex. There are some good design guidelines out there by IPC and others you know. Again I always shout out to the board shops, some of them have good teams that help people choose the right construction, right stack up to get the most bend cycles out of the device. Are those the two most common types of copper used in flex by the way Chris? Is a rolled anneal an electroless? Oh it's electro- deposited. I'm sorry electro-deposited okay. Yeah - and yes but unless you're dealing with very thin foils rolled annealed is the most common. That's what we call 'RA foils' the most common. Actually I have a sample here. This is some Pyralux clad. You can't see the dielectric inside, but it's got rolled annealed copper on both sides and it can vary from - you used to be limited to half ounce or 18 micron and thicker so a little side note on foils: as you go thicker it's harder to make electro positive foils because it's more plating time on the drum. With rolled annealed it's the opposite, thinner foils are harder to manufacture because you need more rolling processes to make the foil thinner and thinner and thinner. I see. You used to be limited to 18 micron or half ounce, now we can get rolled annealed coppers thinner, down to 9 micron or quarter ounce. You can get a rolled annealed, but the structure is much better for flexing because the grain boundaries are in this direction platelet-type, overlapping grain boundaries which is better for bending. Any foil boundaries are like this and if you bend it you can cleave the grain boundaries in. You get more but it's not that easy - foil doesn't work and flex but you typically get more bend cycles out of rolled annealed. Okay very good. That's something actually I didn't know and it's something I've talked to my friend Tara Dunn, who's in flex - and it's just something that's never come up so I think that's kind of an interesting point. So, you mentioned with military applications - because my background - military was always SWaP right, Size, Weight and Power - so are those the same type of things that drive the other applications - obviously in smaller spaces - we can fold things up on themselves and get them into smaller packaging. When you talk about the dynamic, what other kind of things sort of drive the desire and the fit for flex? So something that's applicable to both military and medical, is you want to reduce the size, so I have here - this is a 50-ohm SMA coax right. It's basically one circuit, you've got the shield layer, the shielding around the center conductor - but this is one channel or one circuit and I have here flex, and you can see how many circuits you have on this piece. So, imagine if you had to have one of these - for each one of these- For each channel right. Now if you - depending on the design, whether it's strip line, micro strip, and whether or not you have in-plane shielding, it might be every other one's a signal. But still the weight and size is the difference between having cables right, which I'm holding up right now, versus having a flex circuit is huge right. And in the case of medical, some of those traces can be as narrow as 20 micron. So you can fit a lot of circuitry into a very small space. And you know depending on the on the medical device. We see some of our customers will build circuits that are very, very long and very, very narrow, and you can imagine how they're used in surgery and other medical applications. And you might have twenty circuits on that part but it's in a very, very, very small space. Oh that totally makes sense. Now - just to be clear 20 micron circuitry - it’s not easy to do, it's doable, not easy to do, but certainly 50 microns is, most board shops can do that these days and again you can fit a lot of circuits in a small space and of course they can flex, they can bend. But in the case of rigid flex where you have a rigid part and bridged with a flex part - and here's another example where you have this - is not necessarily rigid flex but you'd have components here and then a connector here. You're replacing all these cables right, of this section, so that's how it drives weight and space and even reliability. Fewer interconnections tend to be more reliable so that really helps. So flex has been growing quite a bit for us, for our business and so, a lot of its based on DuPont Kapton and DuPont Pyralux products and then they - there's a B-stage system for laminating the different layers and of course the core, or the clad material as the foil on both sides and then our customers will print and etch to whatever pattern they need and put those layers together as building blocks. Right so let's talk a little bit about design for flex since most folks listening here will be engineers or layout folks. What are some things that people need to keep in mind about designing these kind of circuits that's sort of unique to flex? So there's a couple of good - again some good guides out there - both by IPC, DuPont has flex manuals, for different types of categories. Whether it's multi-layer, single sided, double-sided flex, they have some good guidelines on that, but in general what you want to avoid is you don't want circuits to make turns or bends in the bend area. So, for example, I'm going to use this one is an example again. Okay. If this is the flex area in this middle section here, you wouldn't have the circuits go in different directions in that area, so you might want to keep them. You want to keep them basically parallel in that area and you also don't want plated through holes in those areas. Again these are just real general rule - basic guidelines. The other thing you want to avoid is what we call an I-beam effect, where you have circuits directly above each other with a dielectric in between. You want to stagger them. That helps, again - more important for dynamic flex than bended, to install, but it's important not to have the I-beam effect because that could lead to cracks... That makes sense. -concentrates on bending. And in general from a stack up standpoint, you want to try and balance the construction. Thinner is typically better. There's again - there's all kinds of iterations there's - if it's a multi-layer flex - there's loose leaf constructions where you wouldn't necessarily bond the different layers together in the flex or bend region. You'd have them not connected. A bookbinder system is another way to do it where depending on the direction of the bend, the layers that are on the outside of the bend are actually longer. The layers on the inside - and again the fabricators that are skilled in that know how to space that - and to change the length of the circuit. But you know from a simpler standpoint, or from a more general standpoint thinner is typically better balanced. Balanced constructions are typically better for flex. Well balanced construction is always a good idea, I'm just saying but I could see that right. Because I think you - what you're saying if I'm hearing you right, is you have to look for those opportunities for cracking right, or stressing at the bend radius, because that makes sense right. Just from a physics standpoint it makes sense that things would want to give or pull right? Right, when you bend a flex circuit the other side compresses against it right, and every circuit will fail at some point. It's a matter of how many cycles you get out of it before it fails. Right how do you measure those cycles by the way? Well there are some standardized tests and there's an MIT bend test - there's some other testing that's done to see how a particular material, or even a design or stack up performs where it's bent repeatedly until you get failure. And then you can - you can rate the stack up or the and/or the material. Where can you get that data? You mentioned IPC as a source. Is there any other thing - resources you could share - that I could share with the listeners where they could maybe look at some of these readings? Yeah actually so DuPont's website, the Pyralux website, has some data on that and certainly some of the folks there could put your listeners in touch with some of the design guidelines. Okay alright I know some folks there if you and I can't find him through the website then Jonathan just came in to talk at IPC designers Council Orange County I'll reach out to him see if... Oh Jonathan Weldon, yeah he's a great resource for that. So speaking of Jonathan Weldon, he's been working with HDPUG; they've been looking at shield layers or for reference planes and they've been looking at the difference in solid planes and cross hatch systems, and so this is just a simple - this is actually a simple test circuit microstrip construction where you have a reference plane on one side and your tracer on the other. Imagine if there were a strip line construction and you had copper on both sides with your transmission line in the middle, one of the challenges with all PCBs, and especially with flex, is absorption of moisture and then that moisture released during assembly causing delamination and one of the things that you can do to mitigate that is to bake the parts. Well if you have soft solid copper areas - baking does not work as well - because the moisture has got to go around the copper it can't go through it. Right. So cross hatch ground planes are great for two purposes. One is, it's a moisture egress for baking, the other advantage is it's actually better for flexibility it makes the part more flexible. Hmm, that makes sense. The downside is the high frequency applications - you can run into some issues. Yeah. So and one of the interesting things that Jonathan and company, they were looking at, was the difference between a round opening and a - what's typically used as it's.. Kind of a diamond shape? Exactly, exactly and really it's more of a square turned on its side, but yeah the diamond shape versus the you know... It's funny how a circuit design is always in orthogonal patterns but that's not necessarily the best way to go and anyway the round shape was better for signal performance. Oh, for the high speed applications? Yeah it makes sense because if you took a circle that fit inside a square you actually have less open area so... This is true okay, alright. Yeah, so there's some interesting data on that but I would recommend to a customer, depending on their their frequency bandwidth bit rate, depending on what kind of design it is, that they would look at using an open plane. It works basically with a screen, for lack of better words, versus a solid plane because the reliability goes way up. Okay now you just made me think of something. Last time we talked, we were talking about prepregs and glass, being reinforced right. When you're using adhesive systems for flex, I'm assuming they're non-reinforced? Right. It's a more stable material though so tell us a little bit about that, about the stability, the dimensional stability? Yeah so - so really in flex circuits the Kapton film, a polyImide film, because it's a thermoset, it is acting like the fiberglass in your flex circuit. Okay. You don't have skew issues because there's no glass, so you don't have micro-DK effects. Now if you do have a crosshatch plane, you will have a different - you'll have a micro impedance effect if you would. But that usually doesn't change with differential pairs unless - again depending on where you put the traces - but you don't have the fiberglass micro-DK effect at all. Now, Kapton's interesting - it's very thermally stable but it's not as mechanically strong as glass reinforced laminate. So it tends to change more from mechanical distortion than it does for thermal. It's not shrinking like epoxies do when they cure. Certainly when you - when you remove all the copper (and I actually have a piece here) this is a piece of Pyralux AP, with all the copper etched off. This is 100 percent polyimide, used to have copper cladding on it and the copper's been mostly etched off. You can see a little bit of copper left from the tape I use to run this through an etcher, but the material is pretty strong but it can distort mechanically, more so than thermally. So again this is kind of like the fiberglass in a regular PCB, and then you'd have B-stages of some sort, to put all the layers together. So the actual substrate is creating the stability in the case of flex? Okay that makes sense. It's a polyimide film, in the case of Pyralux, which is a DuPont branded flex material it's based on Kapton film. Okay so we talked about ground planes, we talked about where to not put - - is there any other sort of design for flex things that you'd want to mention that are just rather commonplace? Yeah so there's a lot of things, for example, you could use a pad that's a little bit larger than you would normally use that would go underneath the cover. Now let me backup a little bit and talk about cover lay. So what cover lay is, it's basically Kapton adhesive laminate, that is the flexible equivalent of solder mask. Now unlike solder mask which is used in PCB, which is photoimageable, cover lay has to be mechanically formed and then laminated over the circuitry. So you have openings and this - again this is a another good example - you have openings in the cover lay I don't know if you can see that on this? But there's openings on the cover lay for each individual pad and then that's laminated over. One of the ways to get more reliability out of the pads is to make the pad a little bit bigger than the opening in the cover lay. So you have cover lay over the perimeter of the pad - it's kind of like what we call solder mask defined pad and rigid - except you're doing it in flex, and that's that's one way to get reliability. But there - again there are a lot of different things in flex that you should be aware of, and that's where some of these design guides and things... Okay well we'll try to track some of those down and put those in the show notes because I think that would be really helpful to have something kind of, tangible. Something I remember learning from someone else, is also talking about tear dropping pads? Yes. Is that something that you would recommend as well? Yeah that's good for a couple of different reasons. One is that the more material that goes under the cover lay, again helps mechanically support the pad. It's also important - typically you don't put holes or pads into your bend area, but it could be an area where you could concentrate bending. So in other words, you go from a trace to a pad, that's going to become a concentration of - right at the edge of the pad - concentration of stress and so if you do the teardrop, that distributes that stress over a larger area and helps prevent circuit cracking. But again, you would try and avoid that in your design. We would make that a bend area. And actually, speaking of rigid flex, one of the things that you would typically do is the cover lay would go into the rigid portion only 50 mils. Okay. -Okay and then you would keep the cover lay and its adhesive out of the plate through hole areas in the rigid portion and rigid flex - and that's also a 'keep out' region for plated through hole so you wouldn't want plate through holes going through that region. So again a lot of this stuff is spelled out in some of the manuals that you get from DuPont and others. Alright, I'll reach out to Jonathan and - and you and I can scrounge up some things and we'll make sure to include those here. Last thing I wanted to talk to you about - which I was just stunned by - is that you told me that DuPont has come out with a new material that has unbelievable thermal performance. Can you tell us a little bit about that? Yeah so - classically in flex, you have your your B-stage, or adhesives that are part of the package, and then you have your core materials, which are your building blocks and you print and etch your core, just like rigid, and you would have - you would put them together with either your rigid or your flex adhesives to make a multi-layer system. What's different about this new product, it's called Pyralux HT, and in fact, I got my Pyralux HT mug here... Nice, nice. -but instead of using acrylic or epoxy adhesives to bond the Kapton layers together, you would use this thermoplastic polyimide layer. It's got a very high melting point and thermoplastic's already used in PCB, people familiar with EPI-P and LC, those systems. The only way thermoplastics work in PCB, or reflow assembled PCB, is to have a high melting point otherwise it would melt at assembly. So this is a piece of the thermoplastic polyimide that DuPont manufacturers. It's the HT bonding film. This could either be a cover lay or it could be an adhesive layer to put - to make a multi-layer PCB. Okay. -But the nice thing about this, is it has a - 225 Celsius operating temperature, which is very, very high. What does that convert to in Fahrenheit? Oh gosh - 225 C it's over 400 degrees Fahrenheit. I see, 225 - - Fahrenheit okay I wasn't hearing you correctly, so it was Fahrenheit okay. Oh no - hang on, 225 C, I should know all this without me - - 437 Fahrenheit. Wow. So you know, some applications... -and that's an operating - continuous operating temperature? Which is crazy, cuz some materials can take that heat for a little while but not continuing operating temperature right? Right, so most PCB materials that go through a reflow assembly, which is either done at 260 Celsius, depending on the type of solder work, or 288 C, they can withstand that for a short period of time most PCB materials survive that. It's the operating temperature most epoxy systems will come in around 130 to 150 C operating temperature - maximum operating temperature. That's wild, so I'm guessing - so what are the applications where this will be exciting news? So applications where you had, fiberglass, coax or some other applications like that where you had wired - high temperature wired connections - or cable connections, you could replace now with a printed circuit board. So engine compartments, aircraft engine compartments, aerospace, down hole, I mean there are a lot of different applications. Even from a medical standpoint. Imagine making a flex circuit that could be auto plated over and over and over again. You don't have to worry what's gonna... I was gonna ask you about that earlier. I don't really know what temps they autoclave at but you mentioned that before that medical applications could - to cut autoclave to kill the bacteria, but like what's the normal temp of an autoclave, how many times can you do that? So we have one customer that builds some parts that are autoclaved at 135 C but it's with steam, and it's hard on circuits, it's hard on electronics. Yeah seems like that would be. But for HT it wouldn't be any issue because you're nowhere near on the melting point. Now it will absorb some moisture, which could be removed from - could be removed with a bake but a lot of applications it won't matter if the assembly is already done. It doesn't really matter. Okay. You know there is some change in the transmission properties of the material when it absorbs some moisture. Again that could be removed with a bake but that is one of the challenges with reusable medical devices, is sterilization and how well the materials hold up, and an HT would be good for that. The downside of HT, is it does require a 600 degree lamination - Fahrenheit. Okay well there you go, so how many board shops have lam presses that go up to that temp? So we took a look at our customer base, and it's not a lot of them, or some of our customers had laminate, or have lamination presses that are capable, they're rated that high, but they haven't been turned up that high for a long, long time. So it's funny, some of our customers have started making some HT, all the weaker heaters, that the press might be 10 years old, they turn it up for the first time to a higher temperature; they start popping heaters and they have to go and replace them. But actually we're seeing a trend though. A lot of our customers are buying laminating equipment and right now that's a whole 'nother story because lean times are way out on equipment in general, but what we're seeing is people are making sure they have that high temperature capability and it's not just for something like HT, it's for LCP and FEP as well. Okay. They have some good properties, electrical and and signal properties. They do. That's a big deal these days. Performance wise they're very good. Right they're harder to fabricate but they do have some good properties you know. Even - we talked about last time - repeat glass-reinforced PTFE materials, some of them require high lamination temperatures. Yeah they do. Yeah all right. One more material I do want to mention - sorry - so this material actually is a Teflon Kapton laminate it's called... -wait hold on - Teflon Kapton? Oh okay. It's called 'TK' - it's a Pyralux product from DuPont and so it has a core of Kapton to act as the XY stabilizer, but then it has a Teflon material on both sides and again, this is a building block but it's very low loss, and very low DK. So a DK of about two and a half with a very, very low loss. But unlike glass reinforced Teflon systems, this has no fiberglass so, no skew and no detrimental effect from the fiberglass. It's using the Kapton instead, as the stabilizer, because if you had a piece of - I should have brought out a piece of Teflon - but PTFE films you can easily - it can be mechanically stretched. Yeah, one time when I was in the RF and microwave board space, I had the board shop I was working for take all the materials like Rogers, Taconic, whatever and I had them strip all the copper off and I went like the 4000 series 6000 series 3000 series all the way up to 58, 80 and strip off the copper. Because when you see them clad, they don't look that different from each other. But I'm like here's Teflon - this is like a piece of rubber, and imagine heating that up, exposing that to aqueous hot processes and so I think that really helped people to understand how vastly different they are and I think it was a good visual actually to help people understand how radically different these are and when you start stripping off all the copper and you have fine lines and all that then it's - it's a whole different animal. TK material is - the core material is nice because the Kapton layer does provide mechanical strength. Again though, the TK, instead of requiring 600 degree lamination, it requires 550. So it's still a high temperature product which requires the right press book, the right materials, and lamination, and it also requires a press being capable. And the other too is the board shop needs to get accustomed to the dimensional changes during the lamination process with these materials. Right. Again - a lot of it's mechanically driven, but you need to know how to work with it so that's something I think the boardshop needs to have experience with. Well and I imagine that you're not going to see these materials outside of sort of high performance or high speed capable board shops? That's true... -I don't know if that's true I guess I'm looking to you for an answer in there but it's an assumption I would make. Here's the interesting thing about AP, AP by itself, is actually pretty good electrically. It's the adhesive layers you use that incur a lot of the loss. So then if you get into the thermoplastic systems that have better electrical performance, now you're getting into the temperature range. So it's one of those give-and-take situations, but you can mix and match the materials to some degree. You could use, for instance HT bonding film with AP clads, your operating temperature would default to the AP operating temperature, which is still pretty high at 180 °C, but electrically it's pretty good. You get away from the acrylic and the epoxy adhesives, which aren't great electrically, in terms of loss, dielectric constant so yeah, I think as I think as board shops become better equipped with high temperature systems, you'll see a broader use of these materials. Right, I mean the market is going to drive us there one way or the other right, if there's a demand then the board shops will do what they need to do. One thing - a comment I want to make about that is - I was in one board shop and I was stunned and then just felt like wow I could've had a V8 moment, is they were providing really high speed, high performance circuits to some high-end military stuff, and they had moved completely away from rigid high performance laminates and used multiple layers of flex materials and the performance - and I'm like - oh well that seems like an obvious, but I had no idea that was even happening. Is that something you have seen, where they just use... Yeah, if you wanted to get rid of skew completely you could use a film based system. Yeah it was crazy, I mean that makes sense and I'm sure there's some challenges there cuz I could tell they had to rigidize the bottom, or put some kind of carrier or something, because they didn't want it to flex quite that much but they just stacked these film systems on top of each other and I'm like huh, didn't know you could do that but they were clearly doing it on a routine basis so that was interesting. Yeah I've seen some board designs where you might have 12 cores of Pyralux... Yeah,right. -and then use regular rigid prepreg as a bonding system so and the board's not - when it's all done, it's not flexible it's rigid. It is rigid, but it's a weird - it's weird to see anyway... I actually have a board here. Ok let's see it. Unfortunately it's single sided so it's kind of like a potato chip, but because there's only one layer of copper and one layer of prepreg, but this is actually DuPont's AP product with Isola's tachyon prepreg, and it's a spread glass prepreg. So you have the spread glass prepreg on one side and you've got the Pyralux AP in the other. So you minimize how much glass is in here, which really drops the amount of impact or micro DK effect which would lead to skew and other signal performance issues. So there are lots of different ways you could use the flex materials even in a rigid design. Yeah I did see that and I was shocked and I - it's something I hadn't heard a lot about. Anyways well, we're about out of time today, again. But thank you so much, every time I talk to you, I feel like I learned so, so much and it's fascinating to me where the industry is going and what's happening with flex and it's exciting it's really an enabler right and these high, high temp products and that so it's a really exciting time to see. We always break through one way or another it's just interesting to see who gets it done. So it's very interesting to see what we're doing with flex. Oh thank you Judy for giving us the opportunity to talk about some of the materials we supply but yeah it's - these are all building blocks and, I kind of view it as a material science company in tech... You are yeah. -we provide all these different building blocks to meet the need of what the customer needs. And there is - and there's really unique ways to put those building blocks together so it's fascinating to learn about. Ok so something I didn't ask you last time, but I'm gonna ask you now. Are you a geek or a nerd? [Laughter] So the best way I heard the two described is the difference between a geek and a nerd is - a geek is the one who gets things done. Oh interesting okay. So I would like to think I'm somebody who'd get stuff done, so that would put me in the geek camp but in any case. Alright check geek, and the second question I have for you: on a scale from one to ten how weird are you? [Laughter] Oh gosh, I would say - five. I'm sorry but if we're in this industry we're at least 5 or above. I think we have to be a little wacky to do what we do - okay well thanks I appreciate it so much and again, we were talking on the phone yesterday we have more to cover, so I'm gonna for sure have you back again and talk about printed electronics which is on the rise and you know a lot about. And also I'm very excited to talk about - oh there it is! Electronics, that's a whole other - whole other world of electronics and yeah. Wait, wait, wait bring that back and tell our listeners what exactly that is. So this was printed with a zebra label printer where the - and no changes to the machine by the way - but the special foil is put into the system where you normally put a roller with a pigment film, so instead of printing a black label you're printing metal foil so yeah, it's kind of interesting. Yes what is that for? Well this is something did for me at our booth this is just an antenna but you could really you could make electronic designs on the fly now... Dude, you're still not answering my question here. What is that intended for? So I'm gonna use that for an antique stereo I have. I have an antique FM stereo the tube, old tube radio, I'm going to use that as an antenna. I see - oh see definitely five-weird. I say I'm gonna make that matrix instead of the hot crazy matrix I'm gonna make like the geeky-weird matrix and so yeah - you're at least at a five -high and a geek. But anyway printed electronics is pretty exciting, I mean and again, it's all material science based. As the materials get better you're gonna be able to do more things. Higher conductivity inks, higher temperature inks, I mean there's all kinds of things you can do in that area. Typically the substrates are different - they're typically lower cost, lower temperature capable substrates, but you could - you can make all kinds of things so we'll get it the next time. Okay we'll definitely do that and the other thing I'm excited to talk to you about - because I know nothing about it - is paste interconnects and you shared a little bit, so anyways we have at least one or two more podcasts ahead of us, so for our listeners; stay tuned and we'll make sure and share everything Chris has talked about today and hook you up with resources through DuPont, HDPUG, IPC, wherever we can find and we'll make sure and share those resources that will help you lay out a better flex and onboard as much information as you can. So Chris, thanks again, we'll see you next time and we'll tackle another hot topic. Again this has been Judy Warner with the OnTrack Podcast. Thanks for tuning in and thank you to Chris Hunrath from Insulectro, we will see you next time. Until then, always stay on track.

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Lee Ritchey and High Speed Digital Design

Play Episode Listen Later May 22, 2018 51:55

When Lee Ritchey “got through launching things to the moon” his career took off (in Silicon Valley...before it was Silicon Valley!) and he is now widely regarded as one of the premier authorities on high speed PCB and system design. He is the founder of Leading Edge and author of Right the First Time. Show Highlights: Lee started as a microwave engineer who designed chips that went up on the Apollo ICs and “faking” logic High Speed design courses first offered at Berkeley. He wrote the books to make the students happy and provide the coursework that didn’t exist. High speed signal path losses - how do we control skew? Where does it come from? And what’s the answer? Spread glass. Links and Resources: Lee Ritchey on Linkedin Right the First Time Lee’s Digital Library Lee Ritchey’s Presentation at AltiumLive 2017 in Munich SI forum - an email forum that is a very good resource for SI questions. All one needs to do is send an email to: si-list-freelists.org Type subscribe in the subject line to become a member. Disclaimer: We respect the unique perspectives of all of our OnTrack podcasts guests. Therefore, we choose to offer their uncensored opinions in favor of full transparency. However, all opinions expressed are exclusively those of our guests and do not reflect the views of Altium or our employees. Hi everyone, this is Judy Warner. Welcome back to the OnTrack Podcast. If you would please subscribe, and let us know what you'd like to hear more about here on OnTrack. Today, another amazing guest Lee Ritchey, who truly needs no introduction. But if you haven't met Lee before - Lee is considered to be one of the industry's premier authorities on high-speed PCB and system design. He's the founder and president of Speeding Edge - an engineering consulting and training company, some of you have read his book. He's author of 'Right the First Time' and he has a very illustrious, amazing background, and we also had the privilege of having Lee speak last year at AltiumLive in Munich, so I'm delighted to have this conversation with Lee. Not too long after Design Con, so I know he'll have some great wisdom to share. So, before Lee and I get started, also please connect with me on LinkedIn or on Twitter @AltiumJudy and Altium is also on LinkedIn, Twitter, and Facebook. Lee I'm going to start with a very high-level question. First of all, welcome. It's good to see you again. Thanks for the invite. Always my pleasure. So, you're known as the high speed authority in our industry, but how did you get there? How did you, out of all the paths you could have taken sort of in your technology field, how did you end up kind of going down this rabbit hole? I started out as a microwave engineer on the Apollo program, which as you probably know, was a long, long time ago. And the company I went to work for was in Silicon Valley, when it was not yet Silicon Valley. Well, after we got through launching things to the moon, NASA decided, well we're done with that, and lots of us - like sixty thousand of us - had to go find something else to do. Wow. Well I was in Silicon Valley and integrated circuits were starting to be a big play and the big jobs were designing things with integrated circuits digitally. And so I interviewed for a job designing equipment for testing digital integrated circuits, and got the job. And said, oh now I’ve got to go learn something about logic. So I went to bookstores and got books and I faked it, and that's how I got got my start. And of course, since I was already in the microwave end of things, transmission lines were already part of that, and that was what you had to be good at if you wanted to use ECL, and the high speed computers back then were ECL. That's how I switched from microwave to what everybody called digital, and for a long time digital was slow enough so you could pretend it was digital, but I never did and always designed on transmission lines and so, as the speed went up all around the industry, everybody needed to learn how to do something with this high speed stuff. And I had a design company from '82 to '92 where we designed pretty much all the early work for Sun, Silicon Graphics, Cray - people like that, and invariably I would get a new client and the engineers knew nothing about high-speed design. So I'd spend two days teaching them the basics so that we could design their board. Out of which grew the courses that I do now. Which I first began to offer at UC Berkeley, and the complaint after every course was: there's no book, there's no textbook, and that's where the books that you mentioned, came from as I had to write those to make the students happy at UC Berkeley. And in 1999, we decided that we didn't like working for companies so we started Speeding Edge. Okay. That's it, that's how I got here by - almost by accident. Well I always say, most of us got here by accident. I mean some EEs take a nice, clean, straight path, but even they don't take that straight path., I know I didn't end up here on purpose either. But that's interesting, I didn't know that's how your book came to be. So the last time I saw you, you were actually speaking at DesignCon. And how often are you teaching these days actually ? Most of my classes are private and I would guess about every two months or so. Okay. There are two-day, three, and day classes so, that's about as often as I want to do that. I don't know if you've lectured for 14 hours in a row, but it kind of wears out. I don't think I know anything about anything enough to talk for 14 hours, maybe raising kids I don't know - like I don't think I know about anything to talk that long so now we - now we know for sure, you're way smarter than me. Oh no, I just came from a different path that's all. Well you and I were talking recently, preparing for this call and we sort of went down this path talking about PCI Express. So can you kind of talk a little bit about the evolution of speed and the extremely acute curve that we've taken in the last couple of years? All right, well maybe let's start with PCI itself, which is the Bus architecture that is in - has been - in all the personal computers that you can buy, that's what PCI stands for: Personal Computer Interface, and it was a parallel Bus that you might have seven or eight plug-in cards, all on this Bus. That CPU could talk to any of those, any time, and then originally there was - it clocked at 33 megahertz, and it wasn't too long before the CPUs got faster than the Bus, and all of a sudden we were - what we call - IO-bound. We couldn't get any more performance out of a PC, because the Bus was too slow. So we upped the speed to 66 megahertz, and then a hundred, and for a lot of reasons they're too complicated for today, we couldn't go past 100 and that block limited how fast you could make a personal computer. And so we realized the architecture had to change. And the reason is that if the CPU can talk to any spot in the backplane at any time - to do that really fast, you have to have really, really short connections and that was not realistic. So we turned to an architecture that actually is old. The difference was signaling protocol, that is in PCI Express, has its origins way back with IBM. I was using it in '74, where we would connect two boxes to each other, where we couldn't do that with a parallel Bus, because the the noise in the background was too high. And so that's not a new technique adjust that early on, as you know, the guts of a computer is a parallel architecture meaning lots of bits switching in parallel, and the differential links that we're talking about here are serial. So at each end, you had to go from a parallel Bus to a serial stream on the line, the other end - go back. And at that time, the serializers and deserializers were extremely complex and expensive. So the only reason you'd ever do that, is there were - if you were stuck, you couldn't do it any other way. Well as we'd gotten to where we have a billion transistors in an IC, these serializers and deserializers are what we call basically free. So all of a sudden it doesn't cost much to go from parallel to serial and back. And the advantage of that is, you can - you can drive... Well let me start from - in a parallel Bus were either series or parallel terminated - if you're lucky, you can drive that at 2 gigabits per second, that's very hard to do. With a serial Bus - we can drive them and we are right now driving them at 32 gigabits per second, which you could never do any other way, and this is how we're getting all the performance we need in the internet. Everyplace else is with these serial lengths and that's what PCI Express is. We switch from a parallel Bus to a serial Bus, to allow us to go faster. Well, when you have serial links there, you can only have a driver and a CI receiver on the same net. So how is it the CPU's going to talk to six or seven devices like it was doing with the old parallel Bus? And the answer is, we have to have a switch chip somewhere so that we can switch between the CPU of whatever we want to talk to. Well early on, those were expensive chips, so we only use PCI Express in real high-end PCs like a gamer would buy. But we've now integrated those switch circuits right in the CPU so it's not an extra part to buy. Oh okay. So it's everywhere. So pretty much everywhere we've got PCI Express, well in itself it's not really all that big a deal because the early PCI Express was - well depends on your point of view - as fast as 500 megabits per second on the line and that's not special, to these terms. The rub is, we have started to go up the performance curve where we've got Gen 1, Gen 2, Gen 3, and so on. And Gen 3, which is it just about around the corner for everybody - it's 8 gigabit per second. That's not slow, and we start to see things that we could ignore at lower rates. The one we're going to talk about today is not lost - it's the thing we called skew. Skew is the fact that the two sides of a differential pair don't arrive at the receiver at the same time - and some numbers on this, the most common until recently - most common data rate in switches and routers for the internet, was 10 gigabits per second. Where one bit is 100 picoseconds. And I did a test board in 2013 at DesignCon where we discovered 62 picoseconds of error in a path which is almost an entire data bit at 10 gigabits per second - which destroys the work. The link does not work and of course, we've got Gen 4 coming in at 16 gigabits and Gen 5 at 32 - where 32 of the bit period is only 30 picoseconds. So that error I just talked about, is two whole bits which means, nothing's gonna work right? So the question is, where does this skew come from? So is that, Lee let me interrupt you for just a moment. Is that what you - the course a you taught this year at DesignCon, was that your focus? Yes well the bootcamp, I call it 'Getting to 32 gigabits per second' which covers a number of things, skew being one of them. Okay. Of course the first worry almost everybody had, is loss. So we had this flurry of activity to make low loss materials and smooth Cochrane on and on like that. At the same time we were doing that, I see manufacturers figured out a way to improve their circuits so that loss is not a player anymore - not a big deal anymore. For example, the latest Vertex I guess their Vertex 8 or 9 from Xanax, at 28 gigabits per second, the Lincoln tolerates 38 GB of loss. Meaning that we start out with say a thousand millivolts and we wind up with four at the receiver, and it still works, so all the drive to have the world's best, lowest loss laminate is not a player anymore. Skew is, skew's killing everybody. All these laminates from people like Rogers and - you mentioned one earlier - I can't remember. Taconic. Taconic are simply not necessary - not necessary. At any rate, skew is just - and that was the theme of DesignCon this year. It is how do we control this bloody thing? So my impression - I guess that comes up next - is where's it come from? Yeah, where does it come from Lee? Well if the two sides were different to pair with different links, that would be, I think obviously, one way that can happen. Right. But pretty much everybody else had to design physical links to a few mills, so that tends not to be what the problem is. The problem is - and these are what we call micro defects or micro effects - the glass cloth in laminates you know, on average has a pitch between threads of about 16 mils - between 16 to 20 mils - Traces are 4 or 5 mils wide, so there's a huge difference between the width of a trace and the spacing of those glass fibers. Well, laminate is a mixture of glass and resin, and the dielectric constant of glass is on around 6 and the dielectric constant of resins is less than 3. That means that the lower the dielectric constant, the faster the signal is going to go. That's right. So if I had one side of a differential pair on the glass, and on the other one in between, there are two different speeds. That's where the problem comes from. Now along those lines, I was just talking to Chris Hunrath from Insulectro, and he was talking about spread glass. What do you think? That's what the answer is. It is? Okay cuz you know I've been here at Altium a little over a year and I guess I missed the spread glass thing, but I'm like, that actually sounds like it makes sense. Well I and my colleagues have been the drivers of spread glass. Really? Tell us about that. Well so we found - I've got to confess - we found out by accident, That's how all good inventions are found right? Yes, and it had to do with - let me think about when that was - about 2005, we were trying to improve the uniform distribution of glass by using two plies of thin glass, hoping that they would sort of average out. And I had a fabricator in Oregon who says: you know, if you use a single ply of 33:13, you could save some money. So we built the test board and by chance that was really spread very nicely and so we had no skew problems. So all of a sudden, we thought we've solved all the world's problems by just using this glass. And then we built our test board from a different weaver. So and this weaver spread the glass in one direction but not the other? Yeah. So, if you were to get that DesignCon paper you'd discover that we had really good skew one way. One direction - - [laughter]. And so back to square one. Why aren't people spreading glass? So we got to digging around - and it was for laser drilling of blind vias. Because, if you think about it, if you have like the classic 4 mil core was called 1080 glass. If you look at that, the glass bundles are round or not spread out, there are big voids between. Well so, if the guy drilling a laser drilled blind via wanted to get rid of the glass, he'd set the intensity to burn the glass and then go tear right through the backstop directly right, and so the laser drilling industry is the one responsible for spreading glass. Like you said, complete accident. It is, and they don't care about signal integrity, they care about laser drilling - so I and a guy named Scott 'Hindiga' of Cisco, started going to IPC's sessions on 'Standards for the Last Week' with the intention of getting some standards for how you spread the glass. Well it was got a whole lot like herding cats. [laughter] What an IPC committee being like herding cats? I don't know what you're talking about Lee [laughter] Yeah, so around the table we had five or six weavers and they would not tell us how they wove their glass. Because it was proprietary? Yes, so he couldn't come up with the standard, and the only standard that the laser drilling people had was, you take the section of this cloth and they put it in the chamber and see how - put compressed air on one side and see how leaky it was. That's it - that's all there is today. If it was leaky, let's make it an X, and it was good. That would not be good enough for what we're doing here. So we are not done solving this problem, and there's about seven or eight different ways that people approach it. Now if you were at DesignCon this year, you'd discover two papers were presented by Cisco where, when they built the boards at five degrees to the weave, they got the best skew results. So that's how they're... - Wow, yeah. Can you imagine what that happens to you in a fab shop if you say pop this artwork on their at 5 degrees? [Laughter] -well I remember hearing about - from a colleague, he was an EE - they were actually at some point, because of the glass crossing and there being those bundles, they were actually starting to do it at - basically laying the prepreg at a diagonal. Do you follow what I'm saying? Oh yes. -do you remember that? That was kind of going on for a while to see if that would help, and I think it did help a little bit but again, the expense. There's so much loss of materials doing that, that it didn't make sense, or there was the trend of making that weave super, super tight so at least it was consistent, even if it was lossy. So, I feel like we've been going at this from a lot of angles - but hearing from Chris Hunrath, at Insulectro, it sounds like some people are really moving towards that spread glass and getting some good results. Oh, that's my choice, but if you were to get the PCI Express Design Guide from Intel, they would tell you one of two things: you route all the signals at fifteen degrees through the X and Y-axis, or route them X and Y, and then you have the fabricator rotate the artwork 15 degrees on the panel. Yeah. That's in the standard for PCI Express. I had no idea that was in the standard. I've heard about it, but that being - kind of anecdotally, but I didn't know it was actually written in the standard. Yup it's in the standard from Intel, and you can - if you imagine a backplane where you have a regular array of pins for connectors and so forth - there is no way to route it at a 15 degree angle, because it's constrained by the pin array that's X and Y - so that's not a choice. So that leaves you with only the choice of popping the thing at an angle on the panel and then - you've been around enough to know the fab shop's gonna look at you like you have lost your mind. Yeah. Well we're not doing that, we're not doing that. We found some weaves that we know are well enough controlled that we're succeeding without that. Okay good, that's good news. So this spread glass - so that's helping with the skew, you're saying, among other things? It solves the problem. It does? Yeah. That's amazing. The rub is, you've got to be very careful who the weaver is. Well can't you spec in a certain - - What if I tell you that I had two weavers with the same stuff? That's the problem. When you say 33:13; there's no standard, that just means there's X in this direction Y in that direction, that's all that means. Are there are prepreg providers that are - it sounds like there's prepreg providers that are doing it the way that you prefer. Or maybe other high speed... There are, there are. So do tell or can you tell? Well the Doosan material I mentioned to you before we started this, is one of them. Okay. And a couple of Isola materials are okay but nothing else is. That's a good hint, it's a good hint, look I mean I'm doing this podcast hoping to have a takeaway - so I don't just bring up all the problems and then say have a nice day thank you for sharing that. Right that's the goal like: yeah I found out what works, good luck! No. So I have been seeing this word and this thing skews, so thanks for sharing that. One thing I could see as a potential problem - and tell me if I'm right or not - since that speed curve has risen so acutely, it seems like, the people who weren't previously doing high-speed design must be getting pulled into that space whether they want to go there or not right ? That - would that be a correct statement? That's true yes. When you and I were talking before this call about - let's talk about resources. About where these designers that are coming into this space I mean - speak just a moment about DesignCon, cuz I know you're pretty passionate about that show, and particularly giving out really good information? DesignCon is the only conference I know where the level of information you need in this area exists. It's where everyone who has done research, or has studies and that sort of thing that are advancing the state of the art, that's where the papers get presented. It used to be - that was it. There were no tutorials, no education, that sort of thing. But over the last four or five years, we've added several things. This year we had three all-day boot camps on topics that matter to people who are trying to get on top of things. I did one title ‘Getting to 32 gigabits per second’ which dealt with all these topics. Intel did a three-hour on 'what is this PCI Express and what do you have to worry about' for people who have not seen it before and if it was five years ago, you might see there was nothing there for a board designer. Now you would say it's the place you go for a board designer. There was a time when the PCB West was, but that has - I've been keeping track of that for a while - not offering the kinds of things you need for the these topics and I'm not sure why. I certainly have been talking to people who run it saying that you've got to offer tutorials, you used to do that. We used to offer stuff for engineers and they quit doing that because well, the guy who was running it was a board designer and he considered design an art, and their art dropped the stuff that appealed to engineering. Now, that stuff has to be learned by the designers. It does, and as an old board designer person, I had to learn it from the board manufacturing side because I didn't realize - because I had left the industry for a while and come back, that things had sped up so much, that board designers all of a sudden weren't just dealing with: oh here's the specs, just adhere to the tolerances, do what the documentation says and have a nice day. There wasn't like now, high-speed board designers have to think about performance and all this wacky stuff. I mean the way we clean the board, the way we etch the board, the way we drill the board, everything can in a positive or negative way, affect the performance and it mortified me to think we got to a space where we could be completely IPC compliant and the board wouldn't perform as expected. Yeah that's a good thing to observe and that is standards. By definition standards document the past by definition, and there are no standards group I can think of right now that has more behind the curve than IPC is, because they... Why do you think that is? I have my suspicions, you're probably right actually, and you're more of an authority than me. But I'm just wondering why? What's caused that to happen? Well who's driving it? Well, volunteers are driving it. Where do they come from? Well when IPC was at its prime, the standards committees were all staffed by engineers from aerospace companies. Yeah true. And the quality of the work was superb. It's very true. That's not true anymore - not true anymore, who goes to the IPC now? I don't, nothing there for me... Why do you think the committee's aren't run by aerospace engineers anymore, or the Intels of the world, or Ciscos? Why why do you think it's not? I wish I knew. Yeah I really don't know either, I thought maybe you'd have some... In the aerospace, that part of it, the aerospace contractors got out of the standards business and remember Jimmy Carter had a thing, The Commercial off-the-shelf Masters what... at any rate we're going. Yeah - faster, cheaper... Yes and the standards bodies that aerospace had, lost their money for example. So they lost their funding to focus on that kind of thing. I can see you probably heard of that. You know the last time it was updated? 1998. [Laughter] How outdated do you think that is? And the update was to correct some spelling. [laughter] Oh my gosh, that's just plain sad, but they've come out with AS9100 and other things to replace it. I don't know the quality of those specs. Well aerospace is on average about 15 years behind the industry now, it used to be the other way around. Yeah, it's just really sad but I think that speaks to a lot of the way that politics have been run unfortunately, and the way things are getting funded. Yes aerospace doesn't drive technology anymore. Yeah, that's a crazy thing to think - to say out loud - I don't know, for you and I who have been around a little while. So, before we get too far off track, so DesignCon is definitely one place. Now because Design Con, if you pay to go to DesignCon, you can get all the proceedings. What can you do if you didn't go to DesignCon? Well you can, for a hundred bucks, buy all the proceedings for a given year. So someone could go on their website right now and for a hundred bucks buy... All the papers that were presented this year correct. That's amazing. Okay well that's a really good resource. Obviously your book which - because we were gonna talk - I went on your website and I noticed you're having some kind of fire sale on - I don't know if it's part one or something - but 'Right the First Time' - it looked like you were selling it and then it sounds like you now have a digital library of things you've published over the years? That's true, and back on the topic of the books. We have two volumes and there was really gonna be one but - I don't know if you've written books or not - but you start out with great enthusiasm and this long list of topics. Then I had a deadline which was a Berkeley class, and I was only halfway through my list. And so I said: okay, this is volume one, next year we'll do volume two and what you probably don't know is, our books are printed in color. You have to have that in order to illustrate a lot of the things that matter. No technical publisher will publish in color, none of them. Really, I didn't know about that I know it's expensive, but I didn't know that they wouldn't do it in color. Yeah, so we were so focused, we formed our own publishing company and we went to a printer and said: we want to print this book. You see, there's a little secret about publishing. Bonus material! You have to give them a check for all the books before they turn the press on. Oh boy that's expensive. So for each of these two lines I wrote a check for $50,000. Wow! Crossed my fingers that someone would buy them, otherwise my garage would be full of books. Well, we sold out of volume 1 and volume 2 came along it sold faster than volume 1 did because it was a pull from volume 1. I am just debating, do I want to write another check for like $50,000 to get to print more volume one's, and the answer is no. So it became an eBook . Oh ok. So if you go on the website, when you buy you get them both, one's an e-book and the other is a hard copy. Ok smart. Then 200 books from now they'll both be eBook. [laughter] You got smarter. My garage will be empty [laughter]. I thought it essential that the books be in color. That makes sense because some of those diagrams you can't distinguish between certain things without color being present. No the color's for this industry. And so we are publishers and we sell our own books and people pay. I may be where I need to write volume through 3 and there needs to be a volume 3, to cover the things you and I just talked about. But I have told my friends - if I start talking about writing another book - their job is to slap me around until I get rid of the idea. [laughter] Well I'm not gonna slap you because this speed curve's going ahead now, we need to learn about skew and stuff. So - and who else Lee Ritchey, is gonna write that book? I have actually written another book, working newsletters and articles that are on that - and someone should put them together but it's not me. You know, we should get our friend Barry Matties to do that for you. Maybe he will. You saw my distraction behind me which is the model railroad and that's more important. Okay well I'm going to ask you about that, so I'm putting a hold on that subject, but let's cover a couple more quick things. One: you and I had an interesting conversation about circuit board manufacturers that are capable of doing good high-speed work and I made a comment and you corrected me right away because I said: well you know, board manufacturing hasn't changed that much in North America over ... blah, blah, blah. And you said, no that's not true. And I said except for places like TTM and you said which TTM? Yes. So tell me what you meant by that and fill our listeners in you know, of that conversation you and I had, cuz I thought it was very valuable actually. Well when you say TTM, you're really talking about a dozen or so fab shops, which were acquired one by one. All have different capabilities for different markets, and if you're not careful and you get a bid from some - say TTM - they'll choose the fab shop that has the most capacity at the moment, which may not have the skills you need. And so I learned the hard way, you have to know what their capabilities are and when you give them the order, you say what plant is allowed to build the board. And they'll accept that request and send it to the best location? They won't get my business if they don't. I am writing the check you will send it here. Yes, yes and if you don't do that you won't get paid. Yeah that totally makes sense. Well you and I talked about Stafford Springs which is a board shop, one of TTM's facilities I've always wanted to go through and it sounds like you've been through and that sounds like at least one of the locations that is capable of doing those high-speed designs? That's right, and another one is in Hillsboro Oregon. It was originally called Merricks. Oh yeah I remember Merricks. Yeah and of course if I'm building small volumes it's my - my choice is a little place down in Orange called MEI. It's not MEI anymore. No it's got another name. It's Summit Technologies which I agree they - I know Jerry Partita there - I hope to have him on this podcast actually because I think they've done a real good job there. Yeah so you're sort of testing out something that we all say explicitly. If you're designing for this kind of space you need to be in direct conversation with the engineer at the fab shop, so that you don't make decisions that are not realistic. So I always have got that guy at the other end when I'm designing a new board. I think that comes up again and again on this podcast by the way, people saying you have to talk to the key people at the board house which I totally agree with. So let's talk about - I used to blog on Microwave Journal about what shops I thought - because I was working for Transline Technology, which is a really small board house in Orange County but they're quite good at RF and microwave. But I used to try, because I would see board houses say, sure yeah we do high-speed or the microwave because they've been built on say Rogers 4350 which processes much like FR4 - - not really - well not exactly but close. It's pretty stable but then they would take an order for something that was PTFE because they built some 4350, and then they'd fail and say, sorry we tried to build three times and we failed. And I kept seeing this happen over and over again. So I started writing about what I thought people should know, what they should look for in a good board manufacturer, i.e. what percentage of their work is high speed. So let's stop for just a second and clarify what high speed means. Okay. Because RF & microwave is not high speed with respect to the digital world. Yes that's true. Actually RF and microwave were simple compared to digital boards. I consider them to be trivial. Yeah but some of the stuff you do on those for microwave boards are funky and weird. That's not because they need to be like that. That's because RF engineers say things that are goofy [laughter] It is true because again why I started blogging is because RF engineers were starting to lay out their own boards which was not a good model. Yeah, remember I'm an RF Engineer, and so most of the stuff you see people asking for on those RF and microwave boards is goofy; it's not good engineering, pure and simple. At any rate, so when we're talking about high-speed I'm talking about, cuz this is far away the majority, of things that must be digital. Yes high speed digital, yeah. Yeah and the people who can do that are good at laminating high layer type boards, and very rare in our microwave or high layer board count - almost never. - Yeah this is true. It is two different animals. So if a guy says I'm a high speed fabricator and I make RF microwave boards, that's a different capability than what I need. Yes it's true. So let's just talk about high-speed digital so you're right, somebody who can do high layer counts what would you look for laundry-list wise? Well at the top of the list, is boards like mine. If you're not making boards like mine, you're gonna lean on me, and I'm not ready for that. Yeah good point. Yeah it really is, that's my first thing, you're making boards with the same class that I want you to builm, if the answer is no I'm gonna go someplace else. And I would say, and how much of their work is like your work because if it's a really small percentage that would make me nervous too. Yeah but it's my experience that if somebody's making high count boards, that's about all they're making. Yeah it's true, they kind of - they kind of aim at that. And they're good at it, they're busy. Yeah and they're busy and that's what makes them profitable actually. So and that also you will see in the equipment set. There you go, exactly - exactly. You won't see archaic… you'll see the most modern tools that gives them the precision and... Yeah exactly, a really good vacuum lamination guy can supply and will build a twenty four layer board with ten mill vias and 12:1 aspect ratios. Yeah. And so you've gotta go find fabricators who are in your sweet spot. Yeah I agree with that. And so - and of course - if you're in it for a little while you figure out there's about six choices in the US. Yeah there's - it's true - there's not a lot and as you're speaking those are coming to mind I won't sell for anybody today but they are relatively easy to find. Now - and now just before we finish that - six years ago, there were none in Asia because they were busy making consumer electronics. Yeah I'm interested in your perspective on that, because I don't really know what that is - if it wasn't kind of cookie cutter consumer. So what's the state of the ability in China these days? We've got as good a capability in Korea and China as there is in the US. I guess that's good news from a price point standpoint? Yeah and it's bad news for the American laminators though. I know I'm an American and I feel whatever but we gotta - - it is what it is. Don't forget not so long ago we made TVs. I know we made a lot of stuff. It's the nature of the business that we go where the low-cost labor is. Yes that's true. Okay, now back to your trains. So always at the end of the podcast here, which we are beginning to wrap up here, and thank you so much for your time. I always learn a lot from you Lee. You are working on - this part of the podcast I call 'designers after hours' because my observation has been, a lot of people that I know that are pretty smart engineers and designers, have neat hobbies after hours. So tell us about your after-hours fun? Well the one that you can see in the background - there's a lot of railroad. Let's see it, can you flip your screen that way without disrupting us? Oh there it is. Can you see it? Yip I sure can. And the one you can't see is I repair vacuum tube radios. You do what? Old, radios vacuum tube radios. No way. Yeah. Just for fun - who still uses vacuum tube radios? Well we're starting to get Wi-Fi guys who think that vacuum tubes are the way to go. But I started out making my spending money as a kid, fixing the radios. I've always been in there you just may know... I know. -so I'm just back to fixing old radios. That's kind of a fun hobby, but vacuum tubes - like that cracks me up. Yeah you probably didn't know you can buy new vacuum tubes? I didn't - I didn't but I was talking to someone recently and I - it cracked me up because I remember doing this as a kid so, is - remember going to like the drugstore - the hardware store and you could test the vacuum tubes? Yeah, come on over I've got a tester. No way - somebody mentioned that - I was like whoa! Like my childhood came flooding back going with my dad to the store and sticking in the vacuum tube testers that's funny. [laughter] Yeah, good times - good times. Well we're about out of time Lee, so thank you again for your time. And I know we could go further and further but I will share the link to your information about your books, and I will also share the link you shared with me for the design concept people that download white papers, and if you think of anything else just let me know and we'll put it on the show notes here. So we don't leave people feeling hopeless. We get them registered for DesignCon and get some papers in their hand, and get some books in their hands so they could do their job better. One last thing we talked about I oughta mention, if you can - if you do those - what do you call the thing we did in Munich? Oh AltiumLIve. Oh yeah if you keep doing those I would argue you should start offering these training courses. Okay, all right you heard it here from the mouth of Lee Ritchey. I have to go show this to the CEO later - proof! It's been my pleasure. Thanks so much Lee. And we will talk to you soon again. This has been Judy Warner with the OnTrack podcast. Thank you for joining us and thank you Lee Ritchey, have a good day. Have a good day. Bye.

Why is Spread Glass popular? Chris Hunrath from Insulectro

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 30, 2018 37:04

Why is spread glass popular? What can you use instead of FR4? Listen and learn from industry veteran Chris Hunrath, who joins us from the San Jose Insulectro facility for a deep dive into what material sets are used in printed circuit board assembly and manufacturing. Get expert insights and learn about new materials on the market to help with your PCB design before going to fabrication and assembly. Show Highlights: What is Insulectro? Operating for over 50 years, Insulectro provides materials for electronics, everything from laminates, prepregs, flex materials, copper foils, conductive inks, substrates, process chemistries, imaging materials and lamination materials. With 11 stocking locations, the newest in Toronto and 9 branches, Insulectro is a leader in providing electronic materials to industry. Prepregs - 175 different types to cut from in San Jose facility alone! Spread glass is becoming more popular - electrical and fabrication benefits because it is more electrically uniform. No open areas, the filaments are spread across (aka fanned out or mechanically spread) and this has signal benefits especially for differential pairs. Better from a drilling standpoint too. New materials are gaining traction - with low loss that laminate at normal temperatures Insulectro distributes for both Isola and DuPont Isola’s line-up of high-speed, low-loss material sets - Isola has a suite of laminates that are low loss, some of them with DKs close to the teflon range and they laminate at the normal temperatures which makes a composite build much simpler. Low-loss, low-Dk materials that can help with their signal integrity requirements I-Speed® - Low loss system, not as cheap as FR4 but its close and could be a good next step for people looking to upgrade material Having the right material set for a design is critical Challenges are more often in the fabrication than the design Copper is a really good moisture barrier, you have to bake the parts prior to assembly. I’ve seen people underestimate the baking and end up with scrap. Moisture is avoidable. Bonus Material: In Designer's After Hours, Chris Hunrath shares what kind of electric creatures lurk in La Jolla!! Links and Resources: Chris Hunrath on Linkedin Insulectro DuPont Isola HDPug Research on High Frequency Flex Signal Integrity Journal Understanding Glass Fabric by Isola Group Hi this is Judy Warner with the OnTrack podcast. Thanks again for joining us. Once again I have another amazing guest for us who is the go-to guy in PCB laminates. I am with Chris Hunrath today but before Chris and I get started I would like to please invite you to subscribe, or to favorite us on your RSS feed, or you can connect with me personally on LinkedIn. I share lots of stuff relative to engineers and PCB designers and on Altium I'm at @AltiumJudy and Altium is on Facebook Twitter and LinkedIn. So please give us a subscribe and a connection and we’d love to interact with you and hear more about what you'd like to hear on this podcast but I'm sure you're going to enjoy today's guest. Chris is the VP of technology at Insulectro and I'm gonna let Chris go ahead and tell you a little bit about Insulectro for those three people on the planet who might not know who Insulectro is. So, welcome Chris and tell us about Insulectro. Okay thanks. So yeah Insulectro has been around over 50 years. We supply materials to the circuit board industry - actually multiple industries - but mostly we've been focusing on electronic materials. Everything from laminates, prepregs, flex materials. copper foils, conductive inks. Different kinds of plastic substrates used with conductive inks, process chemistries, imaging materials, drilling materials, lamination materials. Also we have 11 stocking locations. We just opened one up in Toronto and we have nine branches. So I'm based in the San Jose branch in the Silicon Valley area so that's a little bit about Insulectro. Yeah nothing going on there in San Jose? Lots yeah, so since the San Jose facility is one of the four branches where we do fabrication on master sheets and master roles of prepreg and laminate we do cutting, tooling, vacuum packing, and will also do that on the lamination materials, the release films, and the press pads and things like that. So we do that in four branches… I'm going to ask you more about that later because you just told me about that yesterday and I had no idea you guys did that. Actually I saw you more as a distribution channel. But before I ask you about that, why don't you give us a little bit of background on your history in the industry and how you came to this? I always say no and no one does this on purpose, unless you're an EE right? So yeah those printed circuit boards - those of us that got pulled into the industry ,, have been here a long time. So I started actually back in 1983, I was going to school for chemistry and one of the shops back east, actually in New Jersey, was looking for someone to work in plating on the night shift, and ,, the rest is history as they say. I got pulled into the business and the next thing I knew I was coming to California to to work with our sales team. So that's how I got started in this, and then I joined Insulectro in 2001 and it's been great being with this company. So many different materials we get to work with and so many different customers. I think you're a familiar name and face - being the VP of Technology but you also do trade shows and stuff. You present a lot and are really articulate explaining the technology of laminates because it's gotten a lot more complicated than it used to be back in 1983. I started in ‘84 by the way, and it used to just be, we'll get some FR4 some, prepreg and you're off to the races. Right yep, back then it was FR4 and polyimide. A little side note, actually the company I worked for made multi wire circuit boards so we also had an adhesive to embed the wires and that's a whole nother story for another time. Primarily it was FR4 and and polyimide and now there are so many different materials and then if you add the Flex materials on top. There's a lot to to work with, it's a lot of complexity but also a lot of opportunity. I mean electronics are going into everything and we're seeing that with our printed electronics products as well ,. A lot of interesting applications from wearables to medical to consumer electronics so that's been pretty cool to be a part of that as well. Yeah so tell us about what you're seeing on the front lines of current technology and marketing trends that are having an impact on laminate suppliers - ultimately since our audience here is mostly engineers and PCB designers - how that's sort of flowing down and what the impact is? Okay. Yeah so big question sorry. Yeah that's okay, that's all right. It's become a bigger opportunity - a big part of our business - but if you look at materials in general, everybody knows people are looking for higher speeds and high-speed digital and they're looking for lower loss in RF applications the Internet of Things also even data communications and those types of things; car electronics, radar, self-driving cars. All these things need low loss materials. One of our challenges - and again - it's an opportunity as a supplier to the industry; is having the right stuff available for customers and certainly the Bay Area. It's always been a quick turn market, but it's that the time window has shrunk and one of our challenges is supplying all these different materials to our customers, and of course with every laminate system, every resin system you have the different core thicknesses, the different copper weights and then you have the prepregs with different thicknesses, and resin contents. Add to that also spread glass. It’s becoming very popular I'm sure most of the people who watch this will be familiar with the spread glass systems. They have electrical and fabrication benefits but but again, it adds to the part numbers, the variety of materials we have to stock. So we we currently have here, just in San Jose, we have a hundred and seventy-five rolls of prepreg we cut from for customers. And ,, it always seems like our customers need something we don't have in stock. Yeah. It's the one thing they need for that application. But you know we try and up our game here and have the right things. And that comes from going to our customers and talking to the people in their design group, in their sales department and asking them; what do you see? You know, years ago we used to work on forecasts. Customers would have a very predictable usage on materials and they'd have forecasts out for some time. We would base our stock on that and we do forecasting today but it's not the same thing anymore. I mean customers may get an order and they have four days to turn it and they don't know what the build’s gonna be until the stackup’s done and and that creates those challenges. But you know, we try again, we try and improve what we stock and what we have here and get better and better at that. It's just never boring that's for sure. Yeah right, you gotta have a big crystal ball… Yeah just talk a little about spread glass. Yeah spread glass now that kind of puzzles me in context of high speed so I'm curious. Teach us about spread glass? So there's different kinds of glass, what they call standard E glass and then of course the low dielectric constant glass. I'll talk a little bit more about that in a few minutes. But the spread glass is basically that the the fibers, instead of having a crossover and a weave - like you would in a fabric for like clothing - the actual filaments and the weave are spread out, so you don't have open areas and crossover areas, or areas of higher density glass and that makes the system more electrically uniform. So when you have traces that go through the PCB they’re not either going through high resin content areas, or high glass content areas because they'll have different signal properties so you want to make it more uniform. Are they more in glass spindles - are you saying it's not woven? Well it is woven but instead of having a high concentration of glass with open areas of just pure resin, the filaments are spread across so you're filling in the open areas. Okay so they're kind of fanned out you're saying? Yes exactly there's different terminologies there’s mechanically spread, there's flat glass, but but basically what ends up happening is, the crossover areas where you would have what we call glass knuckles, they're thinner and of course, the open areas now have some glass. So again the system is more uniform it's a composite. So the composite’s more uniform and and like I said that has signal benefits, especially for differential pairs. If you had one trace and a diff pair running over mostly resin, and one running over mostly glass, they'll have different propagation velocities. So you'd have different electrical results, so the spring glass is better for that. It is better from a drilling standpoint, either laser or mechanical drilling. Because you're not going through high concentrations of glass where the crossovers are so there is a benefit there. There are some caveats though, to how it works with filling ground planes. Because the resin doesn't easily move through the glass fabric - you could have some problems filling, so we have to offer not just the spread version, we have to offer the standard versions as well because very often, designs - if they're strip line - you'll have a reference plane on either side of a signal and those reference planes could be heavy copper and they require a certain amount of fill. So you need the standard fabrics to use as well in a stack up. So you might have a mixture of those types of systems - so yeah it does add some complexity. So now we're not only doing hybrid materials now we're doing hybrid prepreg you're saying? Well there are different varieties I guess you have to do it that way anyways because if you're doing hybrid you're matching the materials to the bond ply that you're using anyways I suppose, but now you're adding in this kind of third layer almost. Right. And then we also have standard copper foil and then we have HVLP or VLP copper and low-profile coppers, so so yeah so it adds. And then of course, all the different copper weights - really everything from 5 micron through four or five/six ounces, so it's all over the place. But yeah actually going on the hybrid thing too we are seeing a lot of mixing the resin systems. In other words you would never mix B-stages in the same layer in other words you wouldn't have one kind of resin melt but you can mix cores so you could have one type of resin system as long as it's fully cured adjacent to another kind of resin system and we see that with RF, because very often what you do is, you have your low loss layer on the outside and then you would have your - whether it's high-speed digital or just DC - you would have that in the other layers and that system would be mixed and there are challenges there too even if you're not mixing the B-stages. Some materials require higher lamination temperatures and if you're not using a standard material that can withstand that, you would have issues or you would have to use a low loss material that has normal laminating temperatures. And typically when we say normal laminating temperatures, we're talking in the 375 degrees Fahrenheit range. Whereas some of the more exotic PCB materials - the filled PTFE systems LCP FEP - they require much higher laminating temperatures more like 550 to 600 Fahrenheit. For a while I was at an RF - it really never took took flight - but I'm sure you remember not too many years ago, we got on the fusion bonding bandwagon. We thought that was going to solve all our problems but I remember being at a shop where I think we were running our lamp press at like 700 - 800 degrees Fahrenheit for 12 hours with some crazy profile. That's not very sustainable but it was homogenous DK and it had some great performance benefits but it really never took flight. So my gosh let's talk about hybrid a little bit more because I left the industry for a while to raise kids, and when I came back it was like Rumpelstiltskin waking up to all this high speed stuff and I was like wow! And what I did see was an awful lot of hybrids. So can you talk a little bit about what you think - certainly RF and microwave is an obvious one - but talk about what is driving the demand of high-speed digital RF and hybrid technology overall? Well it's - in very broad terms - it's about electronics, doing all kinds of different things from a design standpoint though it's about mixing, mixing proper material properties in composites that's what you do. You choose one material over another because of its properties and you separate those layers out to get what you need out of a design. So it's driven by cost, some of its also driven by how you would fabricate. In other words, if you had a material that was hard to laminate you could use that as a double-sided low loss layer and then bond the other layers. Conventionally that would run the DC or other signals you would have in the design. We do have some new materials, so one thing I didn't mention earlier is that we distribute for both Isola and DuPont. Okay. Isola does have a suite of laminates that are low loss, some of them even with DKs close to the Teflon range, and they laminate at normal temperatures. So making a composite build is a lot simpler. You don't have to do two separate laminations, unless you had buried micro vias. But you wouldn't do it because of the materials. You would do it because it's for the design but you can do it in one lamination cycle so that's one thing we're trying to bring to market and that's something that's been a growth item for us. Some of these new materials like Tera MT40 for example, the Astra MT77. Astra has the lower dielectric constant - a dielectric constant of just under three - that's for certain, for RF designs, whereas the I-Tera is for the mid-DK, what we call the 3.4 - 3.5 DK range but they're both low loss and they’re both laminated. Again at normal temperatures, so that seems to be getting some good traction. How do they stand up cost-wise against some of the traditional high speed laminate providers? Well as a resin system PTFE is expensive and then if you're reinforcing it with ceramic or fiberglass, that adds cost as well, so we actually stack up - no pun intended - pretty well with the PTFE-based product. It's not as well-known, many of the designers are familiar with the PTFE based laminates for RF applications so, they go with what they know very often, until they have a need and then they start looking at alternatives. And there's so many different, projects coming on with our customers, we're quite busy trying to keep that education process going. So I'm putting myself in a designer's shoes today and I was talking to Lee Ritchie yesterday and he was talking about how the speed curve has gone up near vertical in the last five years and I think you and I would both agree that we've seen that trend. I'm putting myself in a designer's shoes, so how do I get educated fast enough to keep up with all these moving pieces? Because like I said, when I left the industry and came back it was completely like a waterfall as far as onboarding all the different laminate manufacturers and then learning about matching bond, prepregs and bonding systems and cover weights. And then, let's just throw in, that we might have this on an aluminum carrier or whatever. How can we do a good job other than hosting a podcast so I get people educated? I think the IPC design councils are helpful for that. Some of our folks have presented, I presented, our other people presented. Certainly, if you're an OEM or a designer and you get boards from a board shop, reach out to the board shop and say, what are my options? The board shops have to live and breathe this stuff and certainly, folks like myself and folks at DuPont and Isola will also support the board shop in that effort. In fact that's becoming a bigger part of what I do. I travel with my customer to their customers and talk about their options and the pros and cons because you would think, in theory you would want the highest performance at the lowest cost but, it's not just single performance. It could be mechanical performance, it could be thermal performance, there are a lot of different attributes that you would need in the design and you don't know unless you talk, unless the designers were talking to the folks that have the materials background. You can't put all that together and I've seen projects where people have used the same old stuff and then they get unexpected results and so that's what we're trying to do. It's better for everybody if we hit it right the first time. So, that's what we do, we go in and we say, these are the options, this is when you use fired glass, this is when you use standard, this is when you go for the lowest loss possible, this is where you go for a better economy. We have a material called high speed that's very economical and it's pretty low loss, it's a 006 loss tangent and it's compact. It's not as cheap as FR4, but it's close to a lot of the other materials out there. So it's a nice scale of economy. Now it's not for every design but those who have been using FR4 for a long time and want to upgrade to a total low loss system, it might be a good next step. And that product has actually doing pretty well for us. The 4UIS has been growing pretty well and then the high-end products are growing pretty well. The products in between not so much, but, I think it's just a matter of what people need and the design. All right, that makes sense. Does Insulectro and/or DuPont and Isola put out resources online that designers can get a hold of? Yeah both companies, obviously all three of us actually, have websites with links to connect slash sheets, tech data sheets, and other things but I don't know if a website will ever be a good substitute for actually having a conversation with someone who's knowledgeable. Certainly that's a good place to start. The other thing too is sometimes a design will have some IPC slash sheet numbers on them, the specification sheets for different materials, and sometimes you're locked into that. So we've seen that with our customers, sometimes they're locked into a particular material set and it may not be the best. And again that goes back to having a conversation with the people involved. And sometimes they’re willing to change and sometimes not. Sometimes they have no choice. Certainly all old legacy military designs are examples where people are really stuck on very old old systems. And there's definitely a better mousetrap in those cases. But like I said, there's no substitute for having the conversation. So Insulectro for instance, we were just at IPC Apex and I'm sure Chris, you were doing presentations there. I assume that going to trade shows also, there would be opportunities to have face-to-face conversations? Yeah certainly, seek out - if you're buying boards - seek out your PCB shop. The folks at those trade shows, or sit in on some of the technical sessions, and then certainly, if Insulectro, Solar DuPont are there, great place to go get some information on materials. Great. Well I know I sound like I repeat myself often about this, but I've often said, and I used to blog on Microwave Journal to tell people, please go talk to your workshop, please go to your workshop because I think it kind of all ends and starts there and and because, like you said they have to deal with so many laminate and resin systems and all these things every day. A lot of times they could be helpful, it's just sometimes I think designers are so strapped for time. Sometimes they're doing the jobs of two people and so I'm always trying to help the designer get resources as best they can. Yeah and it's something we appreciate, and what we see happening too, is they'll pick up a data sheet and they look at differences there - sometimes there are very minor differences between resin contents and electrical performance. You don't know the dielectric constant of a loss and they'll pick the lowest on the datasheet, but that might not be the best for the fabrication and having the right material to make the board come out right, yield well, do well after assembly, do well in the field. You're not really giving up anything even if the loss is very minor, higher in loss, but yet the board performs well it's definitely a good trade. So that's part of the problem, sometimes some of the designers who are pressed for time will pick a particular material set. Yeah it might have the lowest numbers, but it may not be the best fabrication. If you can't build it, or if the board shop doesn't yield well, it doesn't do anybody any good. So I was just talking also to Kelly Dack, Chris. You would probably recognize his face. Anyways we were just talking about this and it's like what looks good on paper is... First thing, it isn’t always this linear process when it comes to design and fabricating. So, back to the hybrid designs. What would you say for someone that's designing hybrids, some of the the challenges are of those boards and some of the benefits? Obviously performance is one of the benefits. Yes performance and cost, because very often the very low loss materials, come at a premium, because of the resin systems - the cost of the resin systems - and the cost to make the materials and so on and so forth. So that is another benefit - it can be a challenge for the board shop and it really depends on the materials. The challenges are more often in fabrication than they are in the actual design part of it. Yeah, like I said before, it just varies so much, I mean one of the requirements usually for an RF design is to have a certain level of precision when it comes to forming the circuitry. When we say forming, it could be a plating and etching, it could be just print and etch, depending on the the technology used. And then you would laminate that into a standard FR4 system, and sometimes those materials aren't really compatible. So yeah, that goes back to being able to have materials that have the right CT properties, the right adhesion the right lamination properties. But you look at some of these high speed materials and sometimes they can be more fragile. I mean they might for instance - and correct me if I'm wrong here - this is second-hand knowledge here, but they might survive the fab process, and lamination cycles, or even multiple lamination cycles, because then you introduce buried and blind vias. And then there's multiple thermal excursions and then you take it to assembly and you've got through-hole and surface mount part and they have to go through another two thermal excursions. And so that it all adds up and it it's not obvious at the outset right? Yeah those are all good points, all things that have to be considered in the fabrication and use of the part and there's a lot there too. One of the things I'm seeing, is copper is a really good moisture barrier. So one of the things that we try and preach to our customers and their customers or the assemblers if it's a CM, is you have to bake the parts prior to assembly and you can't underestimate that. There was a really good paper put out around 2011 - 2012 at IPC that showed just how long it takes for the moisture to get around because if you have a strip line construction, or if you have a reference plane and RF design, that moisture has got to go around that copper plane. It can't go through it and I've seen people underestimate the baking and end up with with scrap. It's kind of a shame because if moisture is the only reason why you're doing the laminating and assembly it really is avoidable yeah sometimes it's a pain did it bake a board for two, four, six, sometimes 24 hours but, that's what it takes to yield well but it's it's still worth it and that’s something that comes up a lot. Well I know that I worked for a smaller art shop and we had the case where we were doing kind of pre-production quantities and the board was cooking along, no problem, and then one day it wasn't working. Guess what, it had rained for a week and we didn't have them in an airtight storage or whatever, so we had to completely look the way we were storing and make sure we were baking this, because in California, it doesn't rain that much and it wasn't first and foremost on our brains and when it came down to that, it was like what? Yeah didn't see that one coming at all. I've seen that happen yeah, I've seen that it where customers or assemblers, they don't bake for years and think everything is great and they want to know what's changed and it's well material’s the same... Had a heavy winter... Yeah and it turns out it was something like that, it's always best practice to bake and it varies so much by design - ground planes are a problem. In fact there was a great study done recently with HD Paragon, I don't know if you if your listeners are familiar? Maybe not, but we’ll put that link below in the show notes. Because they're an amazing asset to our industry. So they did a great study on crosshatch ground planes on flex so there's some performance trade-offs to the crosshatch ground planes, but they do create a window. Moisture will get in more easily but it can get out more easily and when - as opposed to a solid plane - there is a frequency cut off where that is usable and one of the things the study looked at was diamond-shaped versus round openings in the ground plane. But I always like to put, or recommend putting, openings in the ground plane when you can afford it - just as a moisture egress. Hmm, that’s new to me, so neat but it completely makes sense right? if you're locking in moisture inside of the laminate because you're capping it off, you're trapping it right? Right, and a lot of the PCB processes are water based or aqueous based chemistries, even up to the surface finish. You know, Enog one of the most popular surface finishes, it sits in a hot bath for 30 minutes, actually two hot baths. The gold bath in the NIP and the nickel plating bath or high temperature what, 180 Fahrenheit - 190 Fahrenheit for 20 or 30 minutes in each bath. That's a big opportunity for the moisture uptake on the part, and if you can imagine, that's near when the part is finished. It usually gets routed and cleaned and electrical tests and a few other things. But then it goes out to the company that does the assembly some assemblers require the board shop to bake, which is okay if you put it in a moisture proof bag, but even that's not a guarantee because the workshop loses control over when it was opened and how long it stays in the atmosphere before it gets assembled and so on and so forth... -or just before it gets bagged. Yeah right. And it may already be present and you're just vacuum sealing a moisture-laden board. It’s so many moving pieces, I always say, I wish my dear friends that were printed circuit board designers or engineers that are designing boards now understood the complexity of board manufacturing because you and I've been talking this whole time about just the laminates this is not drilling, laminating buried and blind vias, filling vias. There's so many moving pieces and I think sometimes copper bond treatments? Yeah all of that and I think in this day and age, a bare board is a line item on your bomb. It's not like pulling a component off the shelf and so I think the closer board fabricators and engineers can get together the better for both actually. Because sometimes I think the board fabricators also get exasperated with designers, but the technology is being driven in a certain way. And they're gonna be the first ones to see it and can actually help enable the board manufacturers in many cases so it kind of goes both ways An experienced designer will know what the board shop needs and that's again - that comes from communication - things like minimum clearances, designed for manufacturability, those types of things, and in fact all the board fabricators I know are very good about working with their customers to try. And again it's in everyone's best interest to yield well and have a part that survives. Absolutely, and back to Kelly Dack, we had a long conversation - actually two people here at Altium, all of our AEs and FEs here - are required to take the CID course and so two guys here recently took it and for the first time I got to look through the workbook. Holy cow this thing is like this thick and a huge percentage of that is the DFM things. It's understanding, so to hopefully save time and money and headache on the end of the designer. Well Chris, I know we've only got started but we need to do this again clearly, because the other thing I want to talk with you about is flex, because flex is on the rise and I know you'll have a lot of insight there and I would love to ask you more about that. But before we go I always do this thing at the end of the podcast called ‘designers after hours’ because most people in our industry usually have some kind of interesting hobby. or a lot of us, even though we kind of act left brained, we have a pretty active right brain too actually, so sometimes we're creative or do something interesting. So do you have anything that you enjoy doing after hours, sort of unique? Yeah so actually I've been I've been diving, gosh since the late 70s… Diving? Oh scuba diving I thought you said dieting, okay! Yeah so actually I started back east when I was living in New Jersey I actually did some shore diving and some wreck diving and that was a lot of fun. Now in California, when I was living in Southern California, it was Catalina Island and the Channel Islands and so on and so forth. But here in northern Cali the best place to go is Monterey. I've done some abalone diving up in Mendocino, but that's free diving that's not scuba. But, in fact, I've taken my sister my niece there. There's divers also and we've gone down to Monterey and I've done that so that's one of things I like to do. It's something I don't get to do as often as I like of course. I know we're all so busy. Well speaking of free diving for abalone my mom and dad grew up here in San Diego - I grew up in in Orange County just about two hours north of here - but my mom, when she was a teenager used to free dive for abalone in La Jolla Cove. So about a year ago I moved down here and I'm itching to go get certified and do diving here because there's some really neat dive spots here. But we went to the area where my mom used to free dive and my daughter came up from snorkeling one day and pulled up two abalone shells, which is so rare. Yeah Well down here it's so picked over it's like there's divers out every weekend so it's really rare to find live abalone anymore. But anyway, she brought up a couple of shells. Interesting fact about La Jolla, you can find electric rays down there so Rays are capable of delivering an electric shock. Really? Yeah well check it out they're pretty cool - but don't touch them - yeah, they're pretty cool. Yes my interest in electronics and nature stops. Well thank you Chris, so much, this has been fascinating and I want to ask you 50 more questions but if you will say yes we'll do this again in a month or so and we'll talk about flex. Sounds great. Okay thanks so much Chris. Again this has been Judy Warner and Chris Hunrath with the OnTrack podcast. Thanks for joining today, we look forward to you tuning in again and until then, remember to always stay OnTrack.

RF and Microwave PCB Design with John Bushie from ASC