Podcast appearances and mentions of Robert Axelrod

Veja o vídeo em expresso.pt/podcasts/45-graus Paulo Gama Mota é biólogo, doutorado pela Universidade de Coimbra, professor associado do Departamento de Ciências da Vida da FCTUC e investigador do CIBIO. Investiga o comportamento animal e a compreensão das suas causas evolutivas, incluindo a comunicação animal e selecção sexual. É docente em áreas relacionadas com a evolução e a evolução do comportamento. Mantém um grande interesse pela comunicação de ciência, tendo sido diretor de vários museus e responsável pelo projeto e diretor do Museu da Ciência da Universidade de Coimbra (2006-2015). _______________ Índice: (0:00) Introdução (7:33) Somos mais competitivos ou cooperativos? Debate Rousseau vs Hobbes | A importância da evolução cultural na espécie humana (Cultura nos chimpanzés). Burke and Wills expedition na Austrália (24:46) Porque somos uma espécie tão cooperativa? | Altruísmo genético (Seleção de parentesco vs altruísmo recíproco | Robert Axelrod e como a teoria dos jogos explica a cooperação | Tarefa de selecção de Wason | Seleção de grupo (41:34) Seleção de grupo cultural. Rob Boyd & Pete Richerson | Taxonomia de valores humanos (50:17) De onde vem a Religião? | Livro The Rise of Christianity, de Rodney Stark | Países com maior capital social (58:44): Como se consegue estudar a evolução cultural? | A roda só foi inventada uma vez | Estudo Joseph Heinrich (1:15:57) Porque gostamos de picante? (1:21:26) De onde vêm as variações que permitem a evolução cultural funcionar? (1:26:06) Porque os chimpanzés não fazem perguntas? | O bonobo Kanzi | Teoria da mente (1:35:53) Até que ponto a evolução cultural ajuda a explicar a História humana? (1:42:23) O eterno debate nature vs nurture | Wellesley effect nos ciclos menstruais das raparigas (1:56:09) Mitos da Biologia Evolutiva | A mutação do leite | Inteligência: genes vs cultura (2:12:11) Já parámos de evoluir por seleção natural? | Exemplo da lactase _______________ Bilhetes para o 45 Graus ao vivo Curso de Pensamento Crítico. Vouchers: curso completo (VER10COMPL), online apenas (VER10ONLINE) Workshop Argumentar com LógicaSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

He has been a lawyer, an instructor at the F.B.I. Academy, the owner of a frozen-yogurt chain, and a winner of the TV show Survivor. Today, Kwon works at Google, but things haven't always come easily for him. Steve Levitt talks to Kwon about his debilitating childhood anxieties, his compulsion to choose the hardest path in life, and how Kwon used game theory to stage a victory on Survivor. SOURCES:Yul Kwon, vice president of product management at Google. RESOURCES:Teacher Application for ASU Prep Tempe. EXTRAS:"Are Our Tools Becoming Part of Us?" by People I (Mostly) Admire (2024)."Yul Kwon: 'Hey, Do You Have Any Bright Ideas?' (Part 2)," by People I (Mostly) Admire (2021)."Robert Axelrod on Why Being Nice, Forgiving, and Provokable are the Best Strategies for Life," by People I (Mostly) Admire (2021).

In 1980, game theorist Robert Axelrod ran a famous Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma Tournament. He asked other game theorists to send in their best strategies in the form of “bots”, short pieces of code that took an opponent's actions as input and returned one of the classic Prisoner's Dilemma outputs of COOPERATE or DEFECT. For example, you might have a bot that COOPERATES a random 80% of the time, but DEFECTS against another bot that plays DEFECT more than 20% of the time, except on the last round, where it always DEFECTS, or if its opponent plays DEFECT in response to COOPERATE. In the “tournament”, each bot “encountered” other bots at random for a hundred rounds of Prisoners' Dilemma; after all the bots had finished their matches, the strategy with the highest total utility won. To everyone's surprise, the winner was a super-simple strategy called TIT-FOR-TAT: https://readscottalexander.com/posts/acx-the-early-christian-strategy 

Our societies, our norms, our values are all shaped by stories from the past. Devdutt Pattanaik joins Amit Varma in episode 404 of The Seen and the Unseen to discuss his life, our society and why we should take mythology seriously. (FOR FULL LINKED SHOW NOTES, GO TO SEENUNSEEN.IN.) Also check out 1. Devdutt Pattanaik on Instagram, Twitter, LinkedIn, Wikipedia, YouTube, Amazon and his own website. 2. Myth = Mithya: Decoding Hindu Mythology -- Devdutt Pattanaik. 3. The Girl Who Chose -- Devdutt Pattanaik. 4. The Boys Who Fought -- Devdutt Pattanaik. 5. Ramayana Versus Mahabharata -- Devdutt Pattanaik. 6. My Gita -- Devdutt Pattanaik. 7. Bahubali: 63 Insights into Jainism -- Devdutt Pattanaik. 8. Sati Savitri -- Devdutt Pattanaik. 9. Business Sutra -- Devdutt Pattanaik. 10. Ahimsa: 100 Reflections on the Harappan Civilization -- Devdutt Pattanaik. 11. Olympus -- Devdutt Pattanaik. 12. Eden -- Devdutt Pattanaik. 13. East vs West -- The Myths That Mystify -- Devdutt Pattanaik's 2009 TED Talk. 14. Today My Mother Came Home -- Devdutt Pattanaik. 15. The Incredible Curiosities of Mukulika Banerjee — Episode 276 of The Seen and the Unseen. 16. The Life and Times of Mrinal Pande — Episode 263 of The Seen and the Unseen. 17. Sara Rai Inhales Literature — Episode 255 of The Seen and the Unseen. 18. The Life and Times of Shanta Gokhale — Episode 311 of The Seen and the Unseen. 19. Yuganta -- Irawati Karve. 20. Women in Indian History — Episode 144 of The Seen and the Unseen (w Ira Mukhoty). 21. The Jewel in the Crown -- BBC TV series. 22. Heat and Dust -- James Ivory. 23. The Sexual Outlaw -- John Rechy. 24. Bombay Dost and Gay Bombay. 25. The Double ‘Thank You' Moment — John Stossel. 26. The Kama Sutra. 27. Liberty -- Isaiah Berlin. 28. Thought and Choice in Chess -- Adriaan de Groot. 29. The Seven Basic Plots -- Christopher Booker. 30. The Seven Basic Plots -- Episode 69 of Everything is Everything. 31. The Hero with a Thousand Faces -- Joseph Campbell. 32. The Big Questions -- Steven Landsburg. 33. 300 Ramayanas — AK Ramanujan. 33. The egg came before the chicken. 34. The Evolution of Cooperation — Robert Axelrod. 35. The Trees -- Philip Larkin. 36. Who We Are and How We Got Here — David Reich. 37. Early Indians — Tony Joseph. 38. Tony Joseph's episode on The Seen and the Unseen. 39. A Life in Indian Politics — Episode 149 of The Seen and the Unseen (w Jayaprakash Narayan). 40. The BJP Before Modi — Episode 202 of The Seen and the Unseen (w Vinay Sitapati). 41. Jugalbandi -- Vinay Sitapati. 42. Perfect Days -- Wim Wenders. 43. The Loneliness of the Indian Woman — Episode 259 of The Seen and the Unseen (w Shrayana Bhattacharya). 44. The Loneliness of the Indian Man — Episode 303 of The Seen and the Unseen (w Nikhil Taneja). 45. Mary Wollstonecraft and bell hooks. 46. If India Was Five Days Old -- Devdutt Pattanaik. 47. The Road to Freedom — Arthur C Brooks. 48. The Master and His Emissary -- Iain McGilchrist. 49. This Be The Verse — Philip Larkin. 50. Human -- Michael Gazzaniga. 51. The Elephant in the Brain — Kevin Simler and Robin Hanson. 52. The Blank Slate -- Steven Pinker. 53. Amitava Kumar Finds the Breath of Life — Episode 265 of The Seen and the Unseen. 54. Wanderers, Kings, Merchants — Peggy Mohan. 55. Understanding India Through Its Languages — Episode 232 of The Seen and the Unseen (w Peggy Mohan). 56. The Reformers -- Episode 28 of Everything is Everything. 57. The Golden Bough -- James Frazer. 58. Myth And Reality: Studies In The Formation Of Indian Culture -- DD Kosambi. 59. Srimad Bhagavatam -- Kamala Subramaniam. 60. Boris Vallejo on Instagram, Wikipedia and his own website. 61. The Last Temptation Of Christ -- Nikos Kazantzakis. 62. The Last Temptation Of Christ -- Martin Scorcese. 63. Jeff Bezos on The Lex Fridman Podcast.  64. The Poem of the Killing of Meghnad -- Michael Madhusudan Dutt. 65. Eichmann in Jerusalem: A Report on the Banality of Evil — Hannah Arendt. 66. The Crown -- Created by Peter Morgan. 67. Profit = Philanthropy — Amit Varma. 68. Imaginary Number — Vijay Seshadri. 69. The Buddha's Footprint -- Johan Elverskog. 70. A Prehistory of Hinduism -- Manu Devadevan. 71. The ‘Early Medieval' Origins of India -- Manu Devadevan. 72. Unmasking Buddhism -- Bernard Faure. 73. The Red Thread -- Bernard Faure. 74. The Power of Denial -- Bernard Faure. 75. The Thousand and One Lives of the Buddha -- Bernard Faure. 76. A Modern Look At Ancient Chinese Theory Of Language -- Chad Hansen. 77. Hermann Kulke, Umakant Mishra and Ganesh Devy on Amazon. 78. The Hours -- Michael Cunningham. 79. The Hours -- Stephen Daldry. 79. Ancestral Dravidian languages in Indus Civilization -- Bahata Ansumali Mukhopadhyay. 80. Myth -- Laurence Coupe. This episode is sponsored by Rang De, a platform that enables individuals to invest in farmers, rural entrepreneurs and artisans. Amit Varma and Ajay Shah have launched a new course called Life Lessons, which aims to be a launchpad towards learning essential life skills all of you need. For more details, and to sign up, click here. Amit and Ajay also bring out a weekly YouTube show, Everything is Everything. Have you watched it yet? You must! And have you read Amit's newsletter? Subscribe right away to The India Uncut Newsletter! It's free! Also check out Amit's online course, The Art of Clear Writing. Episode art: ‘Story' by Simahina.

So what if he is an academic? He is also an an original thinker with deep insights about education, elections, colonisation, politics, history, society. Yugank Goyal joins Amit Varma in episode 370 of The Seen and the Unseen to throw thought-bomb after thought-bomb at all of us. (FOR FULL LINKED SHOW NOTES, GO TO SEENUNSEEN.IN.) Also check out: 1. Yugank Goyal on Twitter, LinkedIn, EPW, Flame University and Google Scholar. 2. Who Moved My Vote? -- Yugank Goyal and Arun Kumar Kaushik. 3. Documenting India: The Centre for Knowledge Alternatives. 4. Fixing Indian Education — Episode 185 of The Seen and the Unseen (w Karthik Muralidharan). 5. Robert Sapolsky's biology lectures on YouTube. 6. Harvard's CS50 course. 7. Superforecasting — Philip Tetlock and Dan Gardner. 8. Fixing the Knowledge Society -- Episode 24 of Everything is Everything. 9. The Superiority of Economists -- Marion Fourcade, Etienne Ollion and Yann Algan. 10. Publish and Perish — Agnes Callard. 11. The Long Divergence — Timur Kuran. 12. The Incredible Insights of Timur Kuran — Episode 349 of The Seen and the Unseen. 13. Suyash Rai Embraces India's Complexity — Episode 307 of The Seen and the Unseen. 14. Premchand on Amazon and Wikipedia. 15. Dead Poet's Society -- Peter Weir. 16. Maithili Sharan Gupt and Jaishankar Prasad. 17. Kafan -- Premchand. 18. Elite Imitation in Public Policy — Episode 180 of The Seen and the Unseen (w Shruti Rajagopalan and Alex Tabarrok). 19. Is There an Indian Way of Thinking? — AK Ramanujan. 20. The Intimate Enemy -- Ashis Nandy. 21. The Colonial Constitution — Arghya Sengupta. 22. Arghya Sengupta and the Engine Room of Law -- Episode 366 of The Seen and the Unseen. 23. The History of British India -- James Mill. 24. SN Balagangadhara (aka Balu) on Amazon and Wikipedia. 25. Episodes of The Seen and the Unseen with Ramachandra Guha: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. 26. Episodes of The Seen and the Unseen with Manu Pillai: 1, 2, 3, 4. 27. Pride and Prejudice -- Jane Austen. 28. Ranjit Hoskote is Dancing in Chains -- Episode 363 of The Seen and the Unseen. 29. The UNIX Episode -- Episode 32 of Everything is Everything. 30. The Evolution of Everything -- Matt Ridley. 31. The Evolution of Everything -- Episode 96 of The Seen and the Unseen (w Matt Ridley). 32. The Evolution of Cooperation -- Robert Axelrod. 33. Kantara -- Rishab Shetty. 34. Early Indians — Episode 112 of The Seen and the Unseen (w Tony Joseph). 35. Early Indians — Tony Joseph. 36. Who We Are and How We Got Here — David Reich. 37. Alice Evans Studies the Great Gender Divergence — Episode 297 of The Seen and the Unseen. 38. The People of India -- Herbert Risley. 39. Rahul Matthan Seeks the Protocol — Episode 360 of The Seen and the Unseen. 40. Gangs of Wasseypur -- Anurag Kashyap. 41. Why Children Labour (2007) -- Amit Varma. 42. Laws Against Victimless Crimes Should Be Scrapped — Amit Varma. 43. Intimate City — Manjima Bhattacharjya. 44. Manjima Bhattacharjya: The Making of a Feminist — Episode 280 of The Seen and the Unseen. 45. A Life in Indian Politics — Episode 149 of The Seen and the Unseen (w Jayaprakash Narayan). 46. Politics — A limerick by Amit Varma. 47. India's Far From Free Markets (2005) — Amit Varma in the Wall Street Journal. 48. The Four Quadrants of Conformism — Paul Graham. 49. Public Choice Theory Explains SO MUCH -- Episode 33 of Everything is Everything. 50. Ramayana, the 1987 serial, on Wikipedia and YouTube. 51. 300 Ramayanas — AK Ramanujan. 52. The Life and Times of Vir Sanghvi — Episode 236 of The Seen and the Unseen. 53. The BJP Before Modi — Episode 202 of The Seen and the Unseen (w Vinay Sitapati). 54. The Intellectual Foundations of Hindutva — Episode 115 of The Seen and the Unseen (w Aakar Patel). 55. Cycle -- Prakash Kumte. 56. Mulshi Pattern -- Pravin Tarde. 57. The Heathen in His Blindness -- SN Balagangadhara. Amit's newsletter is explosively active again. Subscribe right away to The India Uncut Newsletter! It's free! Amit Varma and Ajay Shah have launched a new video podcast. Check out Everything is Everything on YouTube. Check out Amit's online course, The Art of Clear Writing. Episode art: ‘Look Inside the Box' by Simahina.

What is the difference between ch*tiya and dusht? Why are vegetarians evil? Why do Indians do the best bench pressing? Krish Ashok and Naren Shenoy join Amit Varma in episode 362 of The Seen and the Unseen for the most fun conversation ever. Really, ever. We got it certified. (FOR FULL LINKED SHOW NOTES, GO TO SEENUNSEEN.IN.) Also check out: 1. Krish Ashok on Twitter, Instagram, YouTube, his own website and Spotify/Apple Music/Soundcloud. 2. Naren Shenoy on Twitter, Instagram and Blogspot. 3. We Are All Amits From Africa -- Episode 343 of The Seen and the Unseen. 4. A Scientist in the Kitchen — Episode 204 of The Seen and the Unseen (w Krish Ashok). 5. Narendra Shenoy and Mr Narendra Shenoy — Episode 250 of The Seen and the Unseen. 6. Masala Lab: The Science of Indian Cooking — Krish Ashok. 7. We want Narendra Shenoy to write a book. 8. Fixing Indian Education — Episode 185 of The Seen and the Unseen (w Karthik Muralidharan). 9. Kashmir and Article 370 — Episode 134 of The Seen and the Unseen (w Srinath Raghavan). 10. Indian Society: The Last 30 Years — Episode 137 of The Seen and the Unseen (w Santosh Desai). 11. The Life and Times of Shanta Gokhale — Episode 311 of The Seen and the Unseen. 12. The Life and Times of Jerry Pinto — Episode 314 of The Seen and the Unseen. 13. The Life and Times of KP Krishnan — Episode 355 of The Seen and the Unseen. 14. Natasha Badhwar Lives the Examined Life — Episode 301 of The Seen and the Unseen. 15. The Adda at the End of the Universe — Episode 309 of The Seen and the Unseen (w Vikram Sathaye and Roshan Abbas). 16. Dance Dance For the Halva Waala — Episode 294 of The Seen and the Unseen (w Jai Arjun Singh and Subrat Mohanty). 17. Narendra Modi on climate change. 18. Yes Minister -- Jonathan Lynn and Antony Jay. 19. Yes Prime Minister -- Jonathan Lynn and Antony Jay. 20. The Overview Effect. 21. The Day Ryan Started Masturbating -- Amit Varma. 22. Security Check -- Varun Grover. 23. Nothing is Indian! Everything is Indian! -- Episode 12 of Everything is Everything. 24. The Restaurant at the End of the Universe -- Douglas Adams. 25. Arrival — Denis Villeneuve. 26. The Hidden Life of Trees — Peter Wohlleben. 27. Self-Esteem (and a Puddle) — Amit Varma's post with Douglas Adams's puddle quote. 28. Bittu Sahgal on Wikipedia, Instagram, Twitter and Amazon. 29. I Contain Multitudes -- Ed Yong. 30. Song of Myself — Walt Whitman. 31. How I Reversed My Type 2 Diabetes -- Episode 9 of Everything is Everything. 32. Fat Chance -- Robert Lustig on Fructose 2.0. 33. How Sugar & Processed Foods Impact Your Health -- Robert Lustig on The Huberman Lab Podcast. 34. Rahul Matthan Seeks the Protocol -- Episode 360 of The Seen and the Unseen. 35. Privacy 3.0 — Rahul Matthan. 36. Abby Philips Fights for Science and Medicine — Episode 310 of The Seen and the Unseen. 37. Shruti Jahagirdar's Twitter thread on Bournvita. 38. Shruti Jahagirdar is the Sporty One -- Episode 289 of The Seen and the Unseen. 39. The Incredible Curiosities of Mukulika Banerjee — Episode 276 of The Seen and the Unseen. 40. Seven Stories That Should Be Films -- Episode 23 of Everything is Everything. 41. What's Wrong With Indian Agriculture? -- Episode 18 of Everything is Everything. 42. The Walrus and the Carpenter -- Lewis Carroll. 43. There is no Frigate like a Book -- Emily Dickinson. 44. Why I'm Hopeful About Twitter -- Amit Varma. 45. A decontextualized reel of Dr Pal on The Ranveer Show. 46. The Liver Doctor's feisty response to the reel above. 47. The full interview of Dr Pal on The Ranveer Show. 48. The Gentle Wisdom of Pratap Bhanu Mehta — Episode 300 of The Seen and the Unseen. 49. Aakash Singh Rathore, the Ironman Philosopher — Episode 340 of The Seen and the Unseen. 50. Dunbar's number. 51. Snow Crash --  Neal Stephenson. 52. Carl Sagan and Neil deGrasse Tyson. 53. The Selfish Gene -- Richard Dawkins. 54. GianChand Whisky. 55. Beware of Quacks. Alternative Medicine is Injurious to Health — Amit Varma. 56. Homeopathic Faith — Amit Varma. 57. Homeopathy, quackery and fraud — James Randi. 58. Fallacy of Composition. 59. The Secret to a Happy Marriage -- Mike and Joelle. 60. I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud -- William Wordsworth. 61. WD 40 on Amazon. 62. Dog Songs -- Mary Oliver. 63. The Evolution of Cooperation -- Robert Axelrod. 64. The Interpreter -- Amit Varma (on Michael Gazzaniga's split-brain experiments). 65. Human -- Michael Gazzaniga. 66. The Blank Slate -- Steven Pinker. 67. Minority Report -- Steven Spielberg. 68. Free Will -- Sam Harris. 69. Determined: Life Without Free Will -- Robert Sapolsky. 70. Behave -- Robert Sapolsky. 71. Noise -- Daniel Kahneman, Olivier Sibony and Cass R. Sunstein. 72. Brave New World -- Aldous Huxley. 73. Cicada -- Shaun Tan. 74. Don't think too much of yourself. You're an accident — Amit Varma's column on Chris Cornell's death. 75. Are You Just One Version of Yourself? -- Episode 3 of Everything is Everything. 76. Lat Uljhi Suljha Ja Balam -- Bade Ghulam Ali Khan performs Raag Bihag. 77. Danish Husain and the Multiverse of Culture -- Episode 359 of The Seen and the Unseen. 78. Danish Husain's anecdote about Mahatma Gandhi and Bade Ghulam Ali Khan. 79. Pushpesh Pant Feasts on the Buffet of Life -- Episode 326 of The Seen and the Unseen. 80. Arijit Singh on Autotune. 81. How Music Works -- David Byrne. 82. Raga Lalita Gauri -- Mallikarjun Mansur. 83. Raag Lalita Gauri (1947) -- Kesarbai Kerkar. 84. Raga Vibhas -- Mallikarjun Mansur. 85. Mohe Rang Do Laal -- Song from Bajirao Mastani. 86. Raag Basanti Kedar -- Mallikarjun Mansur. 87. Travelling through Pakistan; from Karachi to K2 -- Salman Rashid on The Pakistan Experience, hosted by Shehzad Ghias Shaikh. 88. A rare video of Balasaraswathi dancing while singing Krishna Nee Begane. 89. Krishna Nee Begane Baro -- Madras String Quartet. 90. Albela Sajan -- Hard rock adaptation by Krish Ashok and Vijay Kannan. 91. [Don't Fear] The Reaper -- Blue Oyster Cult. 92. Krish Ashok's Sanskrit version of the song above. 93. Purple Haze -- Jimi Hendrix. 94. All That She Wants — Ace of Base. 95. Caste, Gender, Karnatik Music — Episode 162 of The Seen and the Unseen (w TM Krishna). 96. Brown Eyed Girl -- Van Morrison. 97. Astral Weeks -- Van Morrison. 98. Moondance -- Van Morrison. 99. Episode on Astral Weeks in the podcast, A History of Rock Music in 500 Songs. 100. In a Silent Way — Episode 316 of The Seen and the Unseen (w Gaurav Chintamani). 101. Advaita on YouTube Music, YouTube, Spotify, Instagram and Twitter. 102. Raman Negi on YouTube Music, YouTube, Spotify, Instagram and Twitter. 103. Greta Van Fleet and The Mars Volta on Spotify. 104. Shakti and Indian Ocean on Spotify. 105. Pink Floyd and Kendrick Lamar on Spotify. 106. Analysis of Food Pairing in Regional Cuisines of India -- Anupam Jain, Rakhi NK and Ganesh Bagler. 107. Krish Ashok's reel explaining the above paper. 108. Amitava Kumar Finds the Breath of Life -- Episode 265 of The Seen and the Unseen. 109. How to Show, Not Tell: The Complete Writing Guide -- Diane Callahan. 110. We Love Vaccines! We Love Freedom! -- Episode 27 of Everything is Everything. 111. Math Is Better Than the Brigadier's Girlfriend -- Episode 15 of Everything is Everything. 112. Chintaman and I -- Durgabai Deshmukh. 113. Kavitha Rao and Our Lady Doctors — Episode 235 of The Seen and the Unseen. 114. Lady Doctors -- Kavitha Rao. 115. Jeff Bezos on The Lex Fridman Podcast talking about one-way doors and two-way doors. 116. It is immoral to have children. Here's why — Amit Varma. 117. Population Is Not a Problem, but Our Greatest Strength — Amit Varma. 118. Our Population Is Our Greatest Asset -- Episode 20 of Everything is Everything. 119. ChuChuTV. 120. A Deep Dive Into Ukraine vs Russia — Episode 335 of The Seen and the Unseen (w Ajay Shah). 121. The State of the Ukraine War -- Episode 14 of Everything is Everything. 122. King Lear -- William Shakespeare. 123. Churchill: Walking with Destiny -- Andrew Roberts. 124. Churchill and the genocide myth — Zareer Masani. 125. Perplexity. This episode is sponsored by CTQ Compounds. Check out The Daily Reader and FutureStack. Use the code UNSEEN for Rs 2500 off. Amit Varma and Ajay Shah have launched a new video podcast. Check out Everything is Everything on YouTube. Check out Amit's online course, The Art of Clear Writing. And subscribe to The India Uncut Newsletter. It's free! Episode art: ‘'Let's Dance" by Simahina.

Mark Chussil is the founder of Advanced Competitive Strategies, Inc. He is an expert in qualitative and quantitative business war games, custom strategy simulators, executive education and management development programs. Highly rated speaker, published books and dozens of articles on business and competitive strategy. In this episode, Mark shares how simulating pricing strategies before actually implementing them can do away with costly outcomes thereby improving one's bottom line.    Why you have to check out today's podcast: Discover the essence of the Top Pricer Tournament Enhance your pricing strategy by utilizing simulation techniques to mitigate potential risks and minimize losses Find out fascinating insights and findings from the 'Top Pricer Tournament' and learn what to expect when participating in this exciting event   "If we choose a good strategy that turns out to be bad, what we have actually encountered is a false positive. And what we need to do a whole lot better in business is to be able to distinguish the false positives from the true positives. And that's what these simulations are about." - Mark Chussil   Topics Covered: 02:59 - Differentiating decision rules versus decisions 05:31 - Mark Chussil agreeing to what Mark Stiving says in reference to Axelrod's 'tit for tat' and 'tit for tat with forgiveness' 07:16 - Drawing inspiration from Axelrod's work, Mark describes his own contribution 09:51 - Mark Chussil's perspective on Mark Stiving's assertion that companies prioritizing profit outperform those aiming for market share 11:15 - Findings about 'tit for tat' on why it doesn't work 12:17 - What is 'Top Pricer Tournament' and how it relates to or differ from 'Prisoner's Dilemma' 16:07 - Surprising findings from his own 'Top Pricer Tournament' 21:37 - Things to expect when you join Top Pricer Tournament 24:58 - Mark's best pricing advice 27:12 - Relating strategy to a decision   Key Takeaways: "Strategy is a bet." - Mark Chussil "In the Top Pricer Tournaments, and in life in general, we have situations where we can make great decisions, but somebody else has made a better decision or somebody else has come up with something that we didn't think about." - Mark Chussil "I have seen people come up with strategies that I know I never would have thought of. And there's also a few that are in the Top Pricer Tournament that no human has selected yet, and that would outperform any of the ones that humans have selected so far." - Mark Chussil   People /Resources Mentioned: The Evolution of Cooperation by Robert Axelrod: https://www.amazon.com/Evolution-Cooperation-Revised-Robert-Axelrod/dp/0465005640   Connect with Mark Chussil: LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/markchussil/ Email: mchussil@competing.com   Connect with Mark Stiving: LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/stiving/ Email: mark@impactpricing.com  

The Blob is a 1988 American science fiction horror film co-written and directed by Chuck Russell. A remake of the 1958 film of the same name, it stars Shawnee Smith, Kevin Dillon, Donovan Leitch, Jeffrey DeMunn, Paul McCrane, Art LaFleur, Robert Axelrod, Joe Seneca, Del Close and Candy Clark. The plot follows an acidic, amoeba-like organism that crashes down to Earth in a military satellite, which devours and dissolves anything in its path as it grows. It is the third film in The Blob film series. FRUMESS is POWERED by ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠www.riotstickers.com/frumess⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ GET 1000 STICKERS FOR $79  RIGHT HERE - NO PROMO CODE NEED! JOIN THE PATREON FOR LESS THAN A $2 CUP OF COFFEE!! ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.patreon.com/Frumess ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠

Summer travel plans are forcing us into a brief hiatus, We expect to be back in late August to talk about news including Lionsgate's planned acquisition of Entertainment One.For this episode, we turn the clock back to 2008 and Anime Central in Chicago. Jason David Frank, Robert Axelrod, Steve Cardenas and Karan Ashley held court for fan press at one of the first conventions to invite guests from the franchise. Here unguarded reminiscing on the show's early days and lots of laughs. Thanks to Lisa J of No Pink Spandex for her help in recording the original episode from whence this came and to Rangercast listener Lee Sands for saving the file after all these years.Support this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/rangercast/donations

Access to quality healthcare is a major challenge across Pakistan. This is especially true for those of us who are abroad and need to find quality healthcare for our loved ones back home. Human-Healthcare aims to solve this problem, providing a one-stop concierge service for healthcare needs in the country. In this episode, Uzair talks to Dr. Atif Zafar about the startup, how and why it was founded, and the ways in which it is providing quality care in the country. We also talked about some of the challenges the team has faced, and the plans for growth. Atif Zafar is a physician leader originally from Karachi, Pakistan. He is trained in the US including at the Cleveland Clinic. He is currently working as the chief of the stroke program at a major university hospital in Toronto. He is also a faculty, teaching medical students, residents, and fellows at the University of Toronto. He has built clinical programs both in the US and Canada. His latest effort is very unique. The startup human-healthcare.com has been launched in Karachi where overseas Pakistanis can get their family experience VIP medical care at home under the supervision of US, UK, and Canada-based specialists. Chapters: 0:00 Introduction 2:30 Vision and mission 11:45 What has worked and not worked? 19:10 Recruiting talent and building the ecosystem 24:10 How to get their services? 35:10 Providing specialist services to patients 41:20 Growth strategy 44:33 Reading recommendations Reading recommendations: - Antifragile by Nassim Taleb - Presuasion by Robert Cialdini - The Evolution of Cooperation by Robert Axelrod

As Promised in the last episode here is the Four State Comic Con panel we did back in early 2016 featuring Vernon Wells, titled "Power Rangers: Good Vs Evil" the panel also featured convention guests Michael Copon, and the late Robert Axelrod.    1) Did you know you can donate to our show to help us offset the costs in getting new(ish) equipment by using this link: https://gofund.me/d30ee486 2) Help out our O.G. co-host Big Candy by getting yourself some wearable merch by going here: http://tee.pub/lic/WidsgeTHv7A 3) We just got partnered with Dubby Energy! (think G Fuel) So head on over to https://www.dubby.gg/ and use lcmpodcast at checkout for 10% off your order. 4) We Also have a Patreon if you wish to help us that way. If you do just had here: https://www.patreon.com/TheLongCoatMafiaPodcast   Where to find Sasha the Princess of Darkness: Her YouTube Channel: www.youtube.com/c/sashatheprincessofdarkness  Follow her on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/SashaThePrincessOfDarkness/   Follow her on Twitter here: https://twitter.com/PrncessODrkness      Don't forget if you wish to find out more about us and wish to listen to our audio podcast you may do so by following the links below Our Standard Links To Find Our Show And Social Media: Our Website: https://thelongcoatmafia.podbean.com Our Facebook page: https://www.facebook.com/thelongcoatmafiapodcast Our Twitter: https://twitter.com/longcoatmafia Our Email: longcoatmafia@gmail.com Instagram: https://instagram.com/longcoatmafia/ Our Twitch Channel: https://www.twitch.tv/longcoatmafiapod Our TikTok: @lcmpodcast Our Youtube Channel: https://tinyurl.com/lcmpodyoutube Our Amazon Wish List: https://www.amazon.com/hz/wishlist/ls/1U413BUZEYXGO   We are also found on Apple Podcasts ( http://tinyurl.com/lcmpitunes ), Amazon Music ( https://tinyurl.com/lcmpamazonmusic ), Google Podcasts ( https://tinyurl.com/lcmpgooglepod  ), Spotify ( https://tinyurl.com/tlcmpspotify  ) and where podcasts are found.

For scheduling reasons, we are taking a few weeks off. But we're not leaving you empty-handed.Robert Axelrod is best known for being the voice of Lord Zedd and Finster, among other things, on Mighty Morphin Power Rangers. A prolific voice actor, he followed Tony Oliver and other Robotech regulars over to Saban. His credits included Wizardmon and Ankylomon from Digimon, Emperor Darius in the William Winckler Productions dub of Dino Mech Gaiking and various roles in shows like Cowboy Bebop, Samurai Champloo and Hajime no Ippo. In later years, he reached broader audiences through his work with the comedy duo Tim and Eric. He died in 2019 after a long illness.In 2006, he gave about 20 minutes of his time to a nervous 17-year-old kid. Here is a lightly edited version of that conversation.Use our affiliate link to get 10% off at Manta Sleep.Support Rangercast by shopping on Amazon.Photo by 5of7 - CC BY-SA 2.0Thanks to Rangercast listener Lee Sands for preserving the archived audio of this conversation.Support this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/rangercast/donations

This week we take a look at the 1988 film The Blob.This is Episode #367!The Blob is a 1988 American science fiction horror film co-written and directed by Chuck Russell. A remake of the 1958 film of the same name, it stars Shawnee Smith, Kevin Dillon, Donovan Leitch, Jeffrey DeMunn, Paul McCrane, Art LaFleur, Robert Axelrod, Joe Seneca, Del Close and Candy Clark. The plot follows an acidic, amoeba-like organism that crashes down to Earth in a military satellite, which devours and dissolves anything in its path as it grows.Filmed in Abbeville, Louisiana, The Blob was theatrically released in August 1988 by Tri-Star Pictures and was a box office failure, grossing $8.2 million against its budget of approximately $10 million. Though it received a mixed response from critics, the film has since accrued a cult following.

After stumbling across a mysterious black disc, an alien private investigator, Lemro, must discover why everyone wants it and what it does.  A film so bizarre it has to be seen to be believed. In this episode, Nigel and Kaitlyn discuss showing vs. telling, the economics of giving away drugs, and alien FBI agents.  You won't want to miss it!  Alien Private Eye Directed by: Vik Rubenfeld Written by: Vik Rubenfeld Starring: Nicholas Hill, Cliff Adudell, John Alexander, Robert Axelrod, Brenda Winston Don't forget to hit that subscribe button!  Support us on Patreon at www.patreon.com/ajourneyintofilm Want merch? Click this link here Follow us on Instagram and Twitter   This has been a production of AJourneyIntoFilm.com

Neuer Beitrag von Matthias Horx zur Ukraine, der sachlich, empathisch und vielschichtig auf die aktuelle Situation und Zukunft schaut.   Hier geht es zum Blogbeitrag: https://ms-perspektive.de/kolumne-94-von-matthias-horx-die-kunst-des-siegens Diesmal veröffentliche eine Kolumne von Matthias Horx zur Ukraine-Krise in Text- und Audioform. Mir hat es gut getan, den Beitrag zu lesen. Ich habe darin eine Erklärung für meine Zerrissenheit bezüglich der Maßnahmen gefunden, auf welche militärische Art die Ukraine unterstützt werden sollte, aber auch Hoffnung, dass sich ein derartiger Angriffskrieg langfristig immer zu einer Niederlage für den Aggressor herausstellen wird. Vielleicht hilft es Dir auch. Der nachfolgende Text stammt aus der Zukunfts-Kolumne von Matthias Horx: www.horx.com/die-zukunfts-kolumne Siehe auch: www.zukunftsinstitut.de. Kann die Ukraine tatsächlich diesen Krieg „gewinnen“? Über politische Klugheit und die Weisheit der Zukunft. © www.facebook.com/woskerskiART „Wenn du dich und den Feind kennst, brauchst du den Ausgang von hundert Schlachten nicht zu fürchten. Wenn du dich selbst kennst, doch nicht den Feind, wirst du für jeden Sieg, den du erringst, eine Niederlage erleiden. Wenn du weder den Feind noch dich selbst kennst, wirst du in jeder Schlacht unterliegen.“ — Sun Tzu, Die Kunst des Krieges 1. Die Botschaft des Dr. Seltsam Vor knapp sieben Jahren, im Juli 2015, kam es in Wladimir Putins Staatsresidenz, 30 Kilometer vor Moskau, zu einer denkwürdigen Begegnung. Oliver Stone, der Regisseur des amerikanischen Moral-Humanismus, Vietnam-Veteran und Regisseur von Filmen wie Platoon oder JFK, drehte einen Dokumentarfilm über den Staatsmann Putin. Um sich ihm zu nähern, führte er dem heutigen russischen Diktator einen Film vor. Der Film hieß „Dr. Seltsam oder wie ich lernte, die Bombe zu lieben.“ Ein Meisterwerk von Stanley Kubrick aus dem Jahr 1964. Und das beste: Oliver Stone filmte die Reaktionen Putins: www.irishtimes.com In Kubrick‘s Apokalypse-Komödie kommt ein halbverrückter Spieltheoretiker und „Prophet“ mit seltsamem Akzent vor (Dr. Seltsam, gespielt von Peter Sellers). Dr. Seltsam weiß alles über die Zukunft, und weil er alles weiß, ist er verrückt geworden. Eine weitere Schlüsselrolle spielt ein amerikanischer General, der besessen ist von der Idee, die Kommunisten hätten chemische Substanzen ins Trinkwasser gemixt, um die „bodily fluids“ der Amerikaner zu verderben. Männer werden dadurch impotent. Querdenker gab es auch damals schon. Nicht nur im Film wimmelte es von Verschwörungsdenkern. Im Plot von „Dr. Seltsam“ wird das Konzept der nuklearen Abschreckung durch einen „system flaw“ – einen idiotischen Zufall – ausgehebelt. Die Strategen des CIA haben „zufällig“ vergessen, der russischen Gegenseite mitzuteilen, dass sie eine DOOMSDAY-Maschine konstruiert haben. Einen automatischen Startmechanismus der Atomraketen für den Fall eines Angriffs. Falls der Präsident zögern sollte, den roten Knopf zu drücken, werden alle Raketen und Bomber im Fall eines Angriffs unverzüglich auf RED ALERT und Abschuss gestellt. Deshalb lässt sich ein Irrtum nicht mehr korrigieren. Am Schluss reitet ein amerikanischer Bomberpilot juchzend auf einer Wasserstoffbombe auf Russlands Boden zu. Er sieht die Bombe als ein wildes Pferd, das er zähmen muss. Das Narrativ des Cowboys, eines uramerikanischen Motivs. Wladimir Putin und der Regisseur Oliver Stone beim Viewing des Films „Dr. Seltsam oder wie ich lernte die Bombe zu lieben“, Juli 2015 © www.irishtimes.com Putin fiel zu dem Film irgendwie nicht viel ein. „Es gibt einiges in dem Film, was uns nachdenklich macht…“, sagte er im anschließenden Gespräch. „Eigentlich hat sich ja seitdem nicht viel verändert… Es ist heute noch schwieriger und gefährlicher solche Waffensysteme zu kontrollieren…“ © www.irishtimes.com Beim Abgang überreicht Stone Putin einen Umschlag mit der DVD des Films. Putin tritt durch eine Tür, öffnet den Umschlag, und kommt noch einmal zurück. „Typisches amerikanisches Geschenk! Nichts drin!“ Er hält die leere Hülle der DVD in den Händen. Oliver Stone entschuldigt sich und holt die DVD aus dem Abspielgerät. Man verabschiedet sich. 2. Schwere Waffen Kann die Ukraine diesen Krieg wirklich gewinnen? Darüber bilden sich jetzt in Medien, Köpfen, Gefühlen rasch neue Deutungs-Mehrheiten. Die russische Offensive, so heißt es, hat sich vor den Toren Kiews festgelaufen. Putin hat sich „verkalkuliert“. Wir müssen den Ukrainern einfach SCHWERE WAFFEN liefern! Das ist das GEBOT der Stunde! Dann können sie diesen Krieg gewinnen. All das klingt betörend. Einfach. Geboten eben. Aus moralischen, kriegstaktischen Gründen. Aus dem Recht auf Selbstverteidigung heraus. Auch aus Scham und Schuldgefühl: „Wie konnten wir nur solange stumm zusehen!?“ Wer, außer den rechten Populisten und den wackeren Friedens-Fundamentalisten, möchte das nicht: Dass die tapferen Ukrainer, die auch für unsere Freiheit kämpfen, den Usurpator besiegen? Aber was ist das überhaupt? Siegen? 3. Das Abschreckungs-Paradox In Los Alamos, dem Zentrum der amerikanischen Bombenforschung, war die Atombombe in den letzten Kriegsjahren unter ungeheurem Aufwand von Geist und Geld als ein Instrument erfunden worden, grausame Massen-Kriege für immer zu beenden (siehe dazu die ergreifende Serie „Manhattan“, bei Amazon Prime). www.amazon.de/Manhattan-Staffel-1-dt-OV Führend bei der Entwicklung dieser Massenvernichtungswaffe, waren Wissenschaftler, die den „killing fields” Europas entkommen waren. Ungarische Mathematiker. Jüdische Emigranten, die ihre Verwandten in den Nazi-Konzentrationslagern verloren hatten, nicht wenige von ihnen aus dem Gebiet, der heutigen Ukraine. Physiker, die dem linken Humanismus nahestanden, wie Edward Teller. Einige dieser Wissenschaftler gingen von Los Alamos direkt hinüber ins Lager der Spieltheoretiker, etwa John von Neumann, ein genialerer Kybernetiker und Quantenphysiker (siehe auch meine Kolumne „Future War“). In den frühen 60er Jahren erarbeiteten die Spieltheoretiker in den amerikanischen Think-Tanks das Konzept der nuklearen Abschreckung. Ein regelbasiertes Spiel, das den Untergang der Menschheit durch die Möglichkeit des Untergangs verhindern sollte. Wenn beide Parteien den anderen vernichten können. Und beide Parteien WISSEN, dass ein Erstschlag durch einen umso vernichtenderen Zweitschlag beantwortet wird. Wird keiner mit der Weltzerstörung anfangen. Auch mörderische konventionelle Kriege, wie in den zwei Weltkriegen, könnten so vermieden werden. Denn die könnten ja jederzeit eskalieren. Allerdings verhedderten sich die Spieltheoretiker im Laufe ihrer Arbeit in immer mehr Paradoxien. Je mehr sie rechneten und rechneten, modellierten und modellierten, umso weniger ging ihre Rechnung vom „Gleichgewicht des Schreckens“ auf. Der Bomberkommandant auf dem Ritt in die Apokalypse Screenshot: www.moviepilot.de Was Kubricks Dr. Seltsam auf den Punkt brachte, offenbarte sich immer deutlicher: Gleichgewichte des Schreckens funktionieren nur bei perfekter Information. Und: Es kommt vor allem auf die KOMMUNIKATION an, ob ein Regelsystem hält. Information kann jedoch ebenso wenig „perfekt“ sein wie Kommunikation. Beides ist störanfällig, manipulierbar, verrauscht. Und hängt letztlich vom menschlichen Willen ab. Wenn Information und Kommunikation chaotisch werden, fällt man leicht in Verschwörungswahn und tief eingelernte Reflexe zurück. Etwa in den Cowboy-Wahn. Die Idee, die ganze Welt befreien und zähmen zu müssen. Oder den Zaren-Wahn. Die Vorstellung, das größte, beste und mächtigste Großreich aller Zeiten besitzen zu wollen. Der Commander in Chief fürchtet um seine Potenz. Screenshot: www.moviepilot.de 4. Der Ernstfall-Test Im ersten großen Test der nuklearen Abschreckung, in der Kuba-Krise von 1962, zwei Jahre bevor Kubrick seine Satire veröffentlichte, saßen Spieltheoretiker wie Thomas C. Schelling im Krisenstab des US-Präsidenten. Siehe Tim Hartford, Logic of Life S. 36 ff S. 51 John F. Kennedy vermied durch seinen hellen Geist vor allem EINEN Fehler: Die Entscheidungen den Militärs zu überlassen, die ständig auf den Einsatz „ihrer Kapazitäten“ drängten. (siehe den Film „Thirteen Days“ von 2000). Die Kennedy-Administration legte großen Welt auf das rote Telefon, die Direktverbindung zum Kreml (so wie heute wieder das US-Verteidigungsministerium in der Ukraine-Krise). Die Kuba-Krise wurde beigelegt, indem ein „Hidden Deal“ geschlossen wurde. Die UdSSR zog ihre Atomraketen aus Kuba ab, und die USA ihre Atomraketen aus der Türkei. Wichtig war, dass die Einzelheiten des Deals nie veröffentlicht wurden. Die Welt wurde in aller Diskretion, ohne Beteiligung der öffentlichen Medien und des Propagandaapparates, gerettet. Es gibt so etwas wie die Weisheit des Schweigens. 5. Das Gesetz von Kraft und Gegenkraft Die Ukraine hat in diesem Krieg ein Momentum genutzt, das in der Kriegsgeschichte wohlbekannt ist. Das Phänomen des KULMINATIONSPUNKTS DES ANGRIFFS. Der Historiker Wolfgang Schivelbusch beschreibt dieses Phänomen in seinem Buch „Rückzug – Geschichten eines Tabus“. Es gibt in der Militärgeschichte viele grandiose Siege, die sich im Moment ihres Eintretens in Niederlagen verwandelten. In katastrophische Erfolge. Etwa Napoleons Eroberung Moskaus im Jahr 1812. Als die Grande Armee nach 3.000 Kilometern Fußmarsch mit Fanfarenklängen in die Stadt einzog, ohne nennenswerten Widerstand, war die Stadt leer. Kein Gegner in Sicht. Leere Straßen. Verrammelte Fenster. Die Folge war: Ratlosigkeit. Mit allem konnte der Oberstratege Napoleon umgehen, außer dem Mangel eines Gegners. Dann brannten auch noch Teile der Stadt. Chaos brach aus, die Moral der französischen Truppen zerfiel. Napoleons Schicksal war besiegelt. Schivelbusch beschreibt diesen Effekt der Sieges-Niederlage auch am Beispiel zweier Entscheidungsschlachten der Weltkriege, an der Marne und in Dünkirchen. Im Ersten Weltkrieg waren es die Pariser Taxifahrer, welche die französischen Soldaten zur Front fuhren, wo sie die deutsche Offensive an der Marne zu Stillstand brachten. Die Frontbeobachter berichteten schon stolz davon, dass sie in ihren Feldstechern Notre Dame sehen konnten. Im Zweiten Weltkrieg kam es nach dem Rückzug der englischen Armee zu einer Reorganisation des weltweiten Widerstands gegen Hitler. Ähnlich war es auch in Vietnam. Im Irak. Und in Afghanistan. Und eben auch jetzt in der Ukraine. „Im Moment des Angriffs mag mag der Angreifer im Vorteil sein, wenn er mit überlegenen Kräften angreift. Weil er das Überraschungsmoment und die Wucht des ersten Schlages auf seiner Seite hat. Doch dieser Vorteil ist von kurzer Dauer. Nach dem Prinzip des Stundenglases oder der kommunizierenden Röhren, kommt die Energie, die der Angreifer durch FRIKTION verliert, dem Verteidiger zugute. Dieser braucht nur warten, bis sich das Kräfteverhältnis umkehrt.“ Das nennt Clausewitz den Kulminationspunkt des Scheiterns. Clausewitz spricht vom „Zurückgeben des Stoßes“ – “die Gewalt eines Rückstoßes ist gewöhnlich viel größer, als die Kraft des Vorstoßes war. Der Affekt (oder Reflex) der Vergeltung vermag Energiereserven zu mobilisieren, über die der Angreifer nicht mehr verfügt.” (Schivelbusch S. 66). Eine kleine Einführung in die systemisch-dynamische Spieltheorie Die fundamentale Spieltheorie sagt uns, dass es in unserem Universum DREI Arten von „Spielen“ gibt. Diese Abläufe beschreiben sowohl die Logik des Lebens, der Evolution, der Zivilisation, wie auch menschlicher Kommunikationsprozesse. Win-Win-Spiele, in denen beide – oder mehrere Parteien – gegenseitige Vorteile generieren. Echte Kooperation, fairer Handel, sinnvolle Arbeitsteilung, Vertrauen, Zuneigung, Liebe, ökologische Vielfalt – all das erzeugt systemische Überschüsse, die grösser sind als die Summe der Investitionen. Durch NON-ZERO-SUM-Games, „Nichtnullsummenspiele“, wird die Welt dauerhaft bereichert. Der Komplexität wird etwas hinzugefügt. Man könnte auch sagen: Fortschritt entsteht. Win-Lose-Spiele, in denen EINE Partei verlieren muss, wenn die andere gewinnt. Bei Tennis etwa, siehe Boris Becker, gibt es immer nur einen Gewinner, der alle anderen hinter sich lässt, dabei aber auch selbst Verluste erleidet. In frontaler Konkurrenz, Spekulation und Korruption entstehen ungünstige Verluste. Auch wenn es einen SIEGER gibt, werden die Verluste in die Zukunft verschoben – und kehren von dort zurück. Lose-Lose-Spiele, in denen BEIDE Parteien verlieren. Neben verheerenden Ehescheidungen ist der Krieg das Beispiel für ein doppeltes Verlustspiel. Krieg ist immer eine Vernichtung von Weltpotential, bei der auch der Sieger verliert. Allerdings können sich auch Kriegsgeschehen asymmetrisch umkehren. Durch kathartische Prozesse entstehen neue Selbstorganisationen, aus Chaos und Zerstörung entsteht – irgendwann – neue Ordnung. Aus Tod entsteht Leben. Aus Verlust entsteht neue Zukunfts-Energie. Tit for Tat: Wie Du mir, so ich Dir, revisited Anatol Rapoport (1911-2007) emigrierte als 11-jähriger aus dem heutigen Losowa in der Ukraine in die USA, er lebte in Chicago und Wien. © en.wikipedia.org Er war Musiker, Mathematiker, Systemwissenschaftler und Philosoph, dazu noch Psychologe und Biologe. Rapoport legte die Grundlagen der angewandten Spieltheorie und teilte „Spiele“ in mehrere Dimensionen auf: Kampf („fight“): Gewalttätige Auseinandersetzung, endet mit der Unterwerfung oder physischen Zerstörung des Verlierers. Spiel („game“): Kräftemessen nach festen Regeln, endet mit der freiwilligen Aufgabe eines Teilnehmers. Debatte („debate“): Versuch, das eigene Normen- und Wertesystem auch dem Gegenüber schmackhaft zu machen. Kriege sind verschlungene Mischungen aus allen drei Komponenten. Die von Rapoport formulierte Tit-for-Tat-Strategie bildet einen wesentlichen Kern der erweiterten Spieltheorie, die auf Konfliktlösungen abzielt. Dabei geht es darum, die inneren Konstruktionen des „Gegners“ zu verstehen und zu integrieren. Die beste Strategie, die langfristig am meisten Erfolge zeigt, ist eine „positive Reaktionsstrategie mit eingebauter Flexibilität“. Sie beinhaltet zwar das Prinzip der Reziprozität „Auge um Auge, Zahn um Zahn: Tue anderen so, wie sie dir getan haben.“ Aber auch der beschränkten Vergeltung, um Strafen gering und Belohnungen hoch zu halten, unabhängig davon, wie das Gegenüber sich verhält. Die Strategie hat außerdem die Regel, zu Beginn einer Interaktion auf jeden Fall kooperativ zu handeln. Tit for Tat plus ist eine freundliche Strategie mit klaren Reaktionen: Nettigkeit: Man beginnt das Spiel immer kooperativ. Provozierbarkeit: Auf unkooperatives Verhalten der Gegenseite folgt Vergeltung. Auf kooperatives Verhalten wird mit Kooperation geantwortet. Nachsichtigkeit: Sobald die andere Partei nach einer Defektion wieder Kooperationsbereitschaft zeigt, nimmt man die Kooperation wieder auf. Trenne in Konflikten immer Person und Verhalten! Klarheit: Durch die Einfachheit der Strategie ist das eigene Verhalten leicht berechenbar. Siehe auch: Robert Axelrod, Die Evolution der Kooperation, 2000 6. Das Spielfeld erweitern Was also ist „Siegen”? Das ist ein bisschen kompliziert. Seit der der Zeit der „symbolischen Schlachten”, als wohl-geordnete Heere in Reih und Glied aufeinander zumarschierten und irgendwann der Sieg „ausgezählt“ wurde (headcount, meistens sogar in Übereinkunft der Kriegsparteien), sind lange vorbei. Kriege sind heute nicht nur materielle „Events“, in denen Menschenleben und Material der Einsatz sind. Kriege sind symbolische, politische, mentale, semantische Geschehen, die weit über das Schlachtfeld hinausreichen. Im hypermedialen Zeitalter werden sie vor allem als DISKURSE begonnen oder beendet. Die Angriffs-Kriege der vergangenen Jahrzehnte – spätestens seit Vietnam – wurden stets ASSYMETRISCH VERLOREN – wobei Öffentlichkeiten, „public opinions“, eine wichtige Rolle spielten. Überlegene Feuerkraft führte dabei immer ins Desaster, in die am Ende klägliche Niederlage. Das haben besonders die Amerikaner erfahren, in Vietnam, Irak, Somalia, Afghanistan. Und endgültig in Syrien. Seit dem Irak-Desaster hat die Supermacht Amerika keinen Interventionskrieg mehr geführt. Aus Amerikas Niederlagen hat das russische Militär viel gelernt. Auch Russlands militärische „Siege“ – Grosny, Syrien etc. – entstanden aus asymmetrischer Verschiebung. Dazu gehörte die Strategie, die Regeln des internationalen Rechts gnadenlos auszuhebeln. Der russische „Barbarismus“, in dem Kindergärten und Krankenhäuser angegriffen werden und jede Grausamkeit grundsätzlich der Gegenseite angelogen wird, besteht aus bewusstem Regelbruch. Und ist sehr erfolgreich. Brutalisierte Gewalt gegen die Zivilbevölkerung setzt den Gegner und seine Verbündeten nicht nur in Angst und Schrecken. Sondern in ein schreckliches Dilemma: Das Paradox der reziproken Eskalation. Jeder Gegenangriff führt zu einer Verschrecklichung der Situation. Jedes Zögern ebenfalls. Jede Zurückhaltung ist Verrat am Menschlichen, Humanitären. Jede Entschlossenheit auch. Wenn man die Unterlegenen stärkt, vermehrt man den Blutzoll. Man macht sich schuldig. Wenn man sich heraushält, vermehrt man den Tod und die Verzweiflung. Man macht sich schuldig. Wenn man einen Krieg tatsächlich gewinnen will, muss man das Spielfeld erweitern. Man muss das „level playing field“ auf eine höhere Ebene verlegen. Und neue Mitspieler und Verbündete finden. Die weltweite öffentliche Meinung. Die Interessen anderer Länder. Globale Akteure der Zivilgesellschaft wie UNO, NGOS, Internationale Organisationen.Die Kraft von Kunst und Kultur. Kulturelle und religiöse Institutionen. Die Lösungen neuer Kapitalinteressen und Technologien (Die Energie-Revolution). Das Einzige, was diesen Krieg wirklich mit einer Niederlage Russlands beenden könnte, wäre eine überwältigende globale Mehrheit gegen den Krieg. Eine aktive, beharrende, entschlossene Welt-Mehrheit für die Einhaltung oder Wiederherstellung des Völkerrechts. Das ist aber nicht möglich, solange die vielen Völkerrechts-Verletzungen der Supermacht Amerika im Raum stehen, ohne bearbeitet und verziehen worden zu sein. Denn der Vorwurf der Doppelmoral ist die eigentliche semantische Waffe in diesem Krieg. Ukrainische Briefmarke zeigt dem russischen Kriegsschiff Moskwa den Mittelfinger, © www.derstandard.at Die ukrainische Regierung hat, im Zusammenspiel mit der ukrainischen Zivilbevölkerung, bereits eine äußerst kluge Symbolpolitik betrieben. Sie hat auf unvergleichliche Weise die Selbstorganisations-Kräfte der Bevölkerung mobilisiert. Die Ukraine spielt ihre erfolgreichsten Spiele nicht auf dem Schlachtfeld, sondern im kollektiven Wahrnehmungsraum. In den globalen MEMEN, den Inszenierungen der Widerstands-Empathie. David gegen Goliath, ein Kampf auf dem moralischen Spielfeld. Für den Frieden jedoch ist die Moral eine ungünstige Währung. Sie wirkt ja immer auf beiden Seiten, dient als Bestätigung, Rechtfertigung, ja Begründung der Gewalt. 7. Die dunkle Resonanz Die acht Szenarien, die ich in Kolumne Nr. 92 beschrieben habe, verdichten sich immer mehr zu einem wahrscheinlichen Verlauf. Die östliche Ukraine wird besetzt, durch eine Orgie der Zerstörung, in der das russische Militär noch einmal alle seine Grenzüberschreitungen vorführt. Wie weit das gehen wird, wissen wir nicht. Hier rollt der historische Würfel des Zufalls. Die Zerstörung wird dann als Sieg verkauft werden. Doch die Eroberung eines auf Jahrzehnte verseuchten und verminten Ruinen-Trümmerfelds, das man selbst erzeugt hat, erfordert einen hohen Preis. Eine gigantische Minus-Rechnung muss in einen Triumph umgedeutet werden. Damit könnte sich das Imperium, wie schon viele Imperien zuvor, überheben. In Andrei Tarkowskis dystopischem Film STALKER reisen drei Personen in eine radioaktive Landschaft, die den Ruinen von Mariupol oder der Zone von Tschernobyl ähnelt. Alles schimmelt, rostet, dampft. Irgendwo in dieser ruinösen Landschaft soll sich ein Raum befinden, in dem alle Wünsche endlich erfüllt werden. Man muss sich in diesem Raum nur das wünschen, was man wirklich will. Die Reisenden erreichen diesen Raum nie. Sie vergessen unterwegs, was sie sich wünschen könnten. Sie zerstreiten sich darüber, was überhaupt wünschenswert sein könnte. Und ob man diesen Raum nicht lieber zerstören sollte. Weil er gefährlich ist. 8. Cyber-Nations Zu den Erweiterungs-Optionen des Spielfelds gehört auch das, was man die ankommende Emigration nennen könnte. Aus Vertreibung wird dann Migration. Vertreibung ist immer ein schrecklicher Heimatverlust. Aber es kann auch ein kreativer Welt-Zugewinn werden. So, wie die jüdischen Künstler und Intellektuellen, die Wiener und Berliner Physiker und Naturwissenschaftler im Zweiten Weltkrieg „den Westen“ bereicherten, werden Millionen Ukrainer UND Russen zu einer globalen Bereicherung führen. Der größte Kriegsverlust Russlands ist der „brain drain“, der Verlust von unfassbar vielen Talenten, humanen Potentialen, kreativen Menschen. Der zweite Weltkrieg wurde nicht zuletzt dadurch entschieden, dass Millionen von Menschen in ihren Aufnahme-Ländern große Potentiale von Wissen, Energie und Wandel freisetzten. Hier könnte das vielgerühmte „Metaverse“ endlich einmal zeigen, was es kann. Stellen wir uns vor: In einer neuen CYBER-NATION tun sich die Dissidenten Russlands UND die Vertriebenen der Ukraine zusammen. Solche virtuellen Neu-Staaten können im 21. Jahrhundert reale Machtpotentiale entwickeln. Sie können intensiv auf die Ursprungsländer zurückwirken. Das virtuelle Territorium wird wichtiger als das physische Territorium. Die Besatzung wird sinnlos. Sie scheitert an sich selbst. 9. Bewaffneter Pazifismus Vielleicht lässt es sich nicht verhindern, dass die Ukrainer nun SCHWERE WAFFEN erhalten. Manchmal entwickeln sich die Dynamiken in einer Weise, in der sie nicht aufzuhalten sind. Die buddhistische Lebensweisheit geht von einer wichtigen Differenz zwischen MITLEID und MITFÜHLEN aus. Während Mitleid immer auch einen narzisstischen Aspekt hat – es zieht uns in das Leiden und die Angst mit hinein, es bindet uns an unsere affektive Reaktion – führt Mitgefühl zu einer Zuneigung, in der wir in Empathie einen kühlen Kopf bewahren können. Auch dieser Krieg wird nur asymmetrisch zu gewinnen sein. Wenn „wir“ den Ukrainern schwere Waffen liefern, nehmen wir ihnen womöglich ihre wahre Möglichkeit auf Erfolg. Es könnte sein, dass wir ihren asymmetrischen Sieg verhindern, indem wir sie ihrem Gegner angleichen. Zum Siegen gehört auch, auf die richtige Weise verlieren zu können. Um dann auf einer neuen Ebene weiterzukämpfen. Die Re-Militarisierung, die wir in Europa nun vollziehen müssen, kann nicht in die alten Militarisierungsformen zurückführen. Die Finnen haben das schon lange verstanden, ebenso wie die Letten und Litauer, oder die Schweizer. Ein bloßes „Gegenrüsten“ auf derselben Ebene ist sinnlos. Eine Gesellschaft jedoch, die sich mit Hightech-Defensiv-Waffen und heller Entschlossenheit ihr Land für jeden territorialen Aggressor „unsinnig“ machen kann, ist die richtige Antwort auf das Ende der nuklearen Abschreckung. Individualismus, Vitalität, politische Freiheit, Innovationskraft, Zivilität und Verteidigungsfähigkeit können erstaunlicherweise zusammengehen. Wie die Ukraine, aber auch das Beispiel Israel – in großen Teilen – zeigen. Hoffen wir also auf asymmetrische Weisheit. Hoffen wir auf die Klugheit unserer Politiker, in diesem Konflikt in Sinne von Nicht-Nullsummen-Spielen zu agieren. Dazu bedarf es des wiederholten Ebenenwechsels. Vertrauen wir auf die menschlichen Fähigkeiten, in großer Paradoxie innere Klarheit zu behalten. Das Spiel auf einer höheren Ebene zu spielen. Eine Verhandlungs-Streitmacht zu entwickeln. Hoffen wir auf eine neue Poesie des Friedens. Ein Spielfeld, das sich aus der Zukunft heraus entfaltet. P.S.: Dieser Text bezieht sich auf eine Unmenge kluger und weniger kluger Gedanken in der momentanen Kriegsdebatte. Sehr wertvoll war ein Interview mit dem ehemaligen Pazifisten Arvid Bell, der heute eine „Negotiation Task Force“ an der Harvard University führt, die die Rolle von Verhandlungsstrategien in internationalen Konflikten erforscht („Der Westen nimmt sich wichtiger, als er noch ist“, ZEIT online 17. April 22). Und ein Hinweis auf den wunderbaren Text „Ukraine is our Past and Future“ des Journalisten und Filmproduzenten Peter Pomerantsev, veröffentlicht in TIME Magazine, 6..4.22: Once again, Ukraine is making us rethink our values, our laws, our policies, our defense. This war is not just a problem you can localize to Russia-Ukraine. There's an increasingly coordinated network of dictatorships and soft authoritarians who think the 21st century belongs to them. Working out how to help Ukraine win is the first step to fathom this defining question. As so many times a global fault-line in our thinking, one that we wanted to ignore, is being made apparent in Ukraine. The Ukrainian writer Igor Pomerantsev once defined poetry as a bat flying through the night suddenly illuminated in the flashlight of our focus. That metaphor can apply to politics as well. Ukraine is the place where the invisible is surfaced, where the suppressed will be remembered, where horror is made into meaning. For their freedom and ours. www.time.com Geboren in Kiew, aufgewachsen in Deutschland, lebt Peter Pomerantsev heute in London. Er ist Autor des Buches “Nothing is true and everything ist possible” und “This Is Not Propaganda: Adventures in the War Against Reality”. Ein großes Dankeschön an Matthias Horx für den interessanten Beitrag und die freundliche Erlaubnis ihn teilen zu dürfen! Ich hoffe, es hilft Dir vielleicht wieder etwas mehr mit Mitgefühl auf den Konflikt zu schauen und dabei dennoch aktiv und handelnd zu bleiben, statt im Dunkel zu versinken. Alles liebe und bestmögliche Gesundheit wünscht Dir, Nele

This is Blacklisted Cinema, where you are encouraged to talk during the movie. The movie this episode The Blob is a 1988 American science fiction horror film co-written & directed by Chuck Russell. A remake of the 1958 film of the same name, it stars Shawnee Smith, Kevin Dillon, Donovan Leitch, Jeffrey DeMunn, Paul McCrane, Art LaFleur, Robert Axelrod, Joe Seneca, Del Close & Candy Clark.A deadly entity from space crashes near a small town and begins consuming everyone in its path. Panic ensues as shady government scientists try to contain the horrific creature.Subscribe to us on itunes rate 5* @ https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/blacklisted-podcast/id1058504075?mt=2PodOmatic http://blacklisted.podomatic.com/Stitcher http://www.stitcher.com/podcast/blacklisted?refid=stprGoogle Play https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9ibGFja2xpc3RlZC5wb2RvbWF0aWMuY29tL3JzczIueG1s IHeartRadio https://www.iheart.com/podcast/256-blacklisted-podcast-30972563/Spotify https://open.spotify.com/show/01L8OZCsaKQZrN2Lm2vb22Amazon Music https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/56990534-aeAudible https://www.audible.com/pd/Blacklisted-Podcast-Podcast/B08K57VXZCOr wherever you steal your free podcast.

Welcome to The Nonlinear Library, where we use Text-to-Speech software to convert the best writing from the Rationalist and EA communities into audio. This is: Prisoner's Dilemma Tournament Results, published by prase on the LessWrong. About two weeks ago I announced an open competition for LessWrong readers inspired by Robert Axelrod's famous tournaments. The competitors had to submit a strategy which would play an iterated prisoner's dilemma of fixed length: first in the round-robin tournament where the strategy plays a hundred-turn match against each of its competitors exactly once, and second in the evolutionary tournament where the strategies are randomly paired against each other and their gain is translated in number of their copies present in next generation; the strategy with the highest number of copies after generation 100 wins. More details about the rules were described in the announcement. This post summarises the results. The Zoo of Strategies I have received 25 contest entries containing 21 distinct strategies. Those I have divided into six classes based on superficial similarities (except the last class, which is a catch-all category for everything which doesn't belong anywhere else, something like adverbs within the classification of parts of speech or now defunct vermes in the animal kingdom). The first class is formed by Tit-for-tat variants, probably the most obvious choice for a potentially successful strategy. Apparently so obvious that at least one commenter declared high confidence that tit-for-tat will make more than half of the strategy pool. That was actually a good example of misplaced confidence, since the number of received tit-for-tat variants (where I put anything which behaves like tit-for-tat except for isolated deviations) was only six, two of them being identical and thus counted as one. Moreover there wasn't a single true tit-for-tatter among the contestants; the closest we got was A (-, -): On the first turn of each match, cooperate. On every other turn, with probability 0.0000004839, cooperate; otherwise play the move that the opponent played on the immediately preceding turn. (In the presentation of strategies, the letter in bold serves as a unique identificator. The following parentheses include the name of the strategy — if the author has provided one — and the name of the author. I use the author's original description of the strategy when possible. If that's too long, an abbreviated paraphrase is given. If I found the original description ambiguous, I may give a slightly reformulated version based on subsequent clarifications with the author.) The author of A was the only one who requested his/her name should be withheld and the strategy is nameless, so both arguments in the bracket are empty. The reason for the obscure probability was to make the strategy unique. The author says: I wish to enter a trivial variation on the tit-for-tat strategy. (The trivial variation is to force the strategy to be unique; I wish to punish defectorish strategies by having lots of tit-for-tat-style strategies in the pool.) This was perhaps a slight abuse of rules, but since I am responsible for failing to make the rules immune to abuse, I had to accept the strategy as it is. Anyway, it turned out that the trivial variation was needless for the stated purpose. The remaining strategies from this class were more or less standard with B being the most obvious choice. B (-, Alexei): Tit-for-Tat, but always defect on last turn. C (-, Caerbannog): Tit-for-tat with 20% chance of forgiving after opponent's defection. Defect on the last turn. D (-, fubarobfusco and DuncanS): Tit-for-tat with 10% chance of forgiving. E (-, Jem): First two turns cooperate. Later tit-for-tat with chance of forgiving equal to 1/2x where x is equal to number of opponent's defections after own cooperations. Last turn defect. The next category of strategies I call Avengers. The Avengers play a nice strategy until the opponent's def...

Learn more about Jacques  and the Party Scientist's Laboratory:Jacques' LinkedInJacques' WebsiteEpisode resources:The Business of Belonging: How to Make Community your Competitive Advantage“Healthy at 100: The Scientifically Proven Secrets of the World's Healthiest and Longest-Lived Peoples” by John Robbins“The Evolution of Cooperation” by Robert Axelrod “Conflict=Energy: The Transformative Practice of Authentic Relating” book by Jason DiggesSend your stories and feedback on this episode to pod@cmxhub.comIf you enjoyed this episode then please either:Subscribe, rate, and review on Apple PodcastsFollow on Spotify

The prisoner's dilemma is a classic game-theory problem. Robert, a political scientist at the University of Michigan, has spent his career studying it — and the ways humans can cooperate, or betray each other, for their own benefit. He and Steve talk about the best way to play it and how it shows up in real world situations, from war zones to Steve's own life.

Robert Axelrod is best known for voicing Lord Zedd and Finster on Mighty Morphin Power Rangers. Robert is a kind soul and it was a real pleasure to chat with one of my all time favorite villains from Power Rangers. We talk about Power Rangers and several of the other projects that Robert worked on in his very long acting career. He started in the entertainment world at age 5 and has some fun stories to share. I hope you enjoy todays episode. You can find Who Did That Voice the podcast on all podcasting platforms, on social media and on YouTube.Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/whodidthatvoiceTwitter: https://twitter.com/whodidthatvoiceInstagram: https://www.instagram.com/whodidthatvoiceTikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@whodidthatvoiceYouTube: https://www.youtube.com/whodidthatvoice24

Matsyanyaaya: Not So Great Game Theory in AfghanistanBig fish eating small fish = Foreign Policy in action— Guest Post by Ameya NaikUS intelligence agencies considered it likely that the Taliban would retake control of all or most of Afghanistan following US withdrawal. Their estimate, however, was that this would take weeks or even months; the idea that Kabul would fall in a matter of days was considered a worst-case scenario. Now that the worst case has played out, analysts are scrambling to explain why. One narrative thus has it that ANA was so poorly-trained - and its leadership so corrupt - that once U.S. military contractors left the field, Afghan forces had neither the motivation nor the acumen to resist the Taliban advance. As President Biden himself put it "...we could not provide them... the will to fight."To test that claim, we can turn to Game Theory.Game Theory stylises any decision involving two or more players as a "game". Each player can receive some "payoff" (or outcome) from the game. Payoffs are "contingent", i.e. the payoff a player receives depends partly on their own decisions, partly on the decisions of the other player or players. One assumes players will act rationally, making choices that maximise their payoffs. Thus, if we know the payoffs each player can receive, we can predict their choices, and thereby also the outcome of the game.The most famous example of this is the Prisoner’s Dilemma: a game in which two people suspected of committing a crime are being questioned independently. If both deny committing any crime, the authorities will only be able to convict them of a minor offence (slightly bad outcome). However, if one of them bears witness against the other, the authority will let the snitch go free (best outcome) while convicting the other of a major offence (worst outcome). The textbook prediction is that both suspects will crack, and wind up with the worst combination of outcomes. However, the classical Prisoner's Dilemma is limited in one important way: it is a single-turn game. The players only make a choice once, at the same time, without knowledge of each others' choices - and then the game ends. A more realistic scenario is what is known as a repeated game. A repeated game has multiple turns: the same players interact, under the same rules, with knowledge of the choice made by the other players in the previous turn. Imagine that the suspects are schoolchildren and the authority is the Principal of the school. No one is going to jail; even if neither child knows what the other is saying to the Principal, they do know they will both interact on multiple occasions thereafter, both in class and outside it. Even with the same payoff structure, the outcome starts to look different: knowing that we have to meet the other person every day makes us far less likely to crack - or "defect", in game theory jargon - because they could punish our defection on the next turn. In a repeated game, players make decisions "in the shadow of the future".The political scientist Robert Axelrod modelled a repeated game in The Evolution of Cooperation. He demonstrates that the optimal strategy for such games is what he calls "Nice Tit-for-Tat".Start by complying (being nice to the other player)If they comply, continue complying (happily ever after)If they defect, punish them by defecting on your next turn.If they respond to your defection by complying, they have accepted the punishment, so go back to complying again.If they defect again, you should also defect again (Tit-for-Tat) - a downward spiral until and unless they switch to complying.A key insight from Axelrod's work is that this strategy only works if the total number of turns is unknown. Why? If the number of turns is known, we can try to pull a fast one - complying until the penultimate turn, but then defecting on the very last one (turn N), when there is no possibility of punishment thereafter.The other player is not a fool. They know we are likely to defect on the final turn, so they will take precautions: they will defect preemptively, on the penultimate turn (N-1). Since we know they will do this, we will defect on the turn before that (N-2). They know we will do this, so they will defect on the turn before that one (N-3) - and so on till the whole chain unravels.The deterrence of future punishment only works if the number of turns is unknown. We can think of this as an infinite game or at least an indefinite one.What does all this have to do with Afghanistan? When President Trump committed to pulling out U.S. troops by a specific date, and then when President Biden made clear he would uphold that commitment (even with a different date), they converted an infinite game into a finite one. An open-ended U.S. presence was a signal of potentially unending US involvement, complete with punishment for behaviour the US considered unacceptable - for instance, overthrowing the US-supported government in Kabul.Afghan leaders broadly shared the assessment of the U.S. intelligence agencies: the Afghan government could not survive if US support was withdrawn. (Whether this is objectively true is beside the point; it seems to have been the mental model of the Afghan provincial governors, military leaders, and in all likelihood Afghan soldiers themselves.) With withdrawal confirmed, why bother resisting - especially given the Taliban's inhuman tactics, including targeting family members of soldiers, and threatening reprisal killings once they take power?Once the average Afghan believed that a Taliban victory was inevitable, the finite game unravelled. Players chose to defect (surrender / retreat / literally defect to the Taliban) at every step, and the timeline towards the fall of Kabul accelerated dramatically.Biden is precisely wrong. The US was providing Afghan leaders and forces with the will to fight, not by training and equipping them, but by making the prospect of a Taliban victory impossible. Given U.S. domestic sentiment favoured withdrawal, a better question might have been: even without a U.S. military presence on the ground, could the US establish deterrence against the Taliban?India Policy Watch #1: NMP, Another Gamechanger? Insights on burning policy issues in India— RSJThe Union government this week announced a National Monetisation Pipeline (NMP) with the aim to unlock value in existing infrastructure projects. The idea is simple and draws from the pioneering “Asset Recycling Initiative” done in Australia between 2013-16. Select assets that are already generating revenues (like roads, railway stations, power plants), lease them out to private sector bidders for a defined period, transfer the revenue rights to them, take an upfront payment for the lease, work out some revenue share arrangement on an ongoing basis, and have a few checks and balances to ensure the private sector doesn’t gouge the consumers on pricing or runs the asset to the ground over the years. That’s it.  The government expects to raise ₹6 lakh crores in the next four years from this which it will use to fund greenfield infrastructure projects. To make sense of this number, the Union budget size this year was around ₹35 lakh crores. In the speech, the FM had reiterated the intent to spend ₹110 lakh crores over the next 4 years to create a National Infrastructure Pipeline. About 85% of that amount was to be raised through the traditional sources of capital (government borrowings) and the balance was to be taken up through innovative mechanisms. One such mechanism was the creation of a new Development Finance Institution (DFI) which would build a lending portfolio of ₹5 lakh crores in three years. The other mechanism is the NMP announced this week. So, what do I think of this? Let’s look at the reasons for doing this. Our economic engine was slowing down even before the pandemic. Things have gotten worse since. The government can manage to keep its base in thrall with its favourite social and cultural issues for a while but the hard economic realities will eventually bite. This is true even for this government regardless of their narrative building skills. We have a yawning infrastructure deficit in the country. It is a prerequisite for growth. Investment in infrastructure has a tremendous multiplier effect and it has the potential to generate new jobs.  The government has to take the lead in starting the Capex cycle. The private sector has burnt its fingers in the last decade and huge NPAs in the banking system are proof of it. The private sector, for all its vociferous support to all government initiatives, has barely contributed to the gross capital formation in the last decade. The interest rates globally are at an all-time low and there’s a capital glut everywhere. China is no longer a safe option with its crackdown on private capital. There’s no better time for India to raise capital. The government has limited fiscal space given the impact of the pandemic on its revenues. It is looking for ways to raise funds without widening the deficit further. India isn’t considered a great destination for launching greenfield projects. The state is capricious and the ease of doing business isn’t great. So, the best option is to offer brownfield projects for monetisation. They are less risky because they are already ‘live’ and, possibly under-utilised. The idea is to have the private sector come in with better quality resources and efficiencies to generate an incremental return over what these projects were already doing. The government receives its ‘fair share’ and the private sector ‘sweats’ the asset more efficiently to make its returns. Win-win for all. An outright sale of these assets is out of the question. It will be politically untenable even within the BJP. A long term lease might be as good as a sale considering many of these assets won’t have that kind of a lifetime. But lease sounds politically more palatable than sale in a country that’s reflexively socialist. It is difficult to argue with the rationale above. This is not one of those instances in public policy where everyone is clamouring let’s do something; this looks like something; so, let’s do this. The solution arrived at fits the problem statement. That is not a bad start when you look at the history of ‘gamechanger’ moves of this government.  But the usual arguments against it have been made in the past few days. Let me run through them: “We are handing over our core national assets to the private sector or foreigners.” This is quite bizarre. This is a lease and the state, like we have repeated many times over, holds unbelievable powers in India to change the rules of the game midway. In fact, this is one of the reasons why we might have few takers for this programme. The history of raising the foreigner or private sector bogey has done us no good over the years. But this never goes out of fashion. “This will lead to the monopoly of two industrial houses who are already entrenched in this ecosystem.” There is a real danger of this happening. It is likely that we won’t have too many bidders for these assets or the game is rigged to favour a few industrial houses. The nature of assets being monetised is such that monopolies are natural in them. You have only one 4 lane road to take between two cities, for instance. So, a couple of companies controlling many of these assets could mean exploitative pricing. My counter to this is a bit cynical. We have a problem with monopolies in many sectors regardless of NMP. This has to be countered through anti-trust laws, debates in parliament, litigation and public awareness. Scuppering NMP won’t change this truth. In fact, a well designed, transparent NMP auction process might allow better funded and more credible options to emerge. That should be the focus here. “This is well-intentioned but implementation will be key.” This is true for everything. Of course, we will need to have more specific details of the assets and their current revenue streams, we will need to provide clarity on how regulatory actions in future don’t impact the financial projections of these assets, we will need safeguards on maintenance and development of these assets when they are under lease and on future pricing of the consumers. The track record of this government isn’t great on implementation after making a big announcement. But that doesn’t mean there should be no attempt to do anything new. My hope is they learn from the past and put a plan that works.  “There should have been consultations and debates in parliament on this.” This is a necessary condition for any initiative of this kind. The private sector bidders are looking for stability in their revenue stream for a long duration (25 years or more). They will be reassured if they were to see a broader consensus across the political spectrum on this. The ability of the state governments led by those in opposition to throw legal or regulatory spanners in the works in the future shouldn’t be underestimated. The Union government would have made it easier for everyone by at least making an effort to have a discussion with the states and other political parties. But that ship has unfortunately sailed a long time back. This isn’t a government that believes in such niceties and any attempt to start now isn’t going to take it anywhere. This is the great tragedy of our current times. We cannot agree on a good idea in good faith. The Union government holds the can on this one. The pessimist in me expects this ‘big idea’ to follow the same course as other such ideas of this government in the past. Demonetisation, GST, Make In India, Aatmanirbhar Bharat etc. We will have sporadic successes and we will soon forget it and get started on another new thing. That will be a pity. Because we really need a multi-year Capex cycle to get going for our future.India Policy Watch #2: Shivshankar Menon on India And Asian Geopolitics Insights on burning policy issues in India— RSJWhat should be the primary objective of India’s foreign policy? I often ask this question to people who are well-read and have a view on world affairs and India’s place in it. The answers often disappoint me. This isn’t because they are wrong. I mean who can say what’s the right answer for such questions. It is because they don’t give an answer that I think is right. Heh! So, imagine my happiness in reading a book where the author and I are on the same page on this vital question. That the author happens to have been a Foreign Secretary and a National Security Advisor of India in the past makes this the newsletter equivalent of “chhota munh, badi baat” on my part.  Anyway, I had written a couple of weeks on The Long Game by Vijay Gokhale and I had mentioned in passing about Shivshankar Menon’s India And Asian Geopolitics: The Past, Present. Menon’s book is a broader analysis of India’s choices in a century where Asia will play a bigger role in the world with the inevitable rise of China. It is a deeply insightful and richly argued book. Menon is an old school liberal with a keen intellect, a comprehensive understanding of geopolitics and a believer in the values on which the modern Indian state was founded. I have taken a few extracts from his book where he discusses the central objective that should guide India’s policy towards the world.  To begin with – what should be the task of our foreign and security policy apparatus and how have we seen ourselves in the global order? Menon writes: “Since Indian independence, the primary function of Indian policy has been the great national task of transforming India into a prosperous, strong, and modern country. The task of the foreign and security policy apparatus is to identify, deter, and defeat threats to national security that could prevent that transformation and to create an enabling environment for India’s transformation. This will remain the nation’s purpose for a long time to come, so long as India has poor, illiterate people who live insecure lives threatened by disease and who cannot fulfil their potential. Why should many Indians live in what Juvenal called ‘a state of ambitious poverty’ which affects all Indian in so many ways? Until recently India has a vision of both its place in the world and of the order it preferred. That was of an order that was rule-based, democratic, and plural, that would assist in the transformation of India. To this end, India saw itself as a responsible stakeholder in the international system, was a willing contributor to international peacekeeping and to solidarity among developing countries, and was an active participant in the multilateral order. India was one of the greatest beneficiaries of globalisation decades.” Menon is no fan of our newfound desire to be a ‘’vishwaguru”. This isn’t because he doesn’t believe in our civilisational values. It is just that he is a realist. No ‘soft power’ of this nebulous kind is going to help us with our objectives. He argues: “For the last few years, however, India seems adrift in terms of a vision of India’s role and place in the world. There has been an obsession with India as “a leading power” and its standing in the international order. Spokespersons for the Modi government have spoken of statecraft as “a battle of civilisations, battle of cultures, basically the battle of minds.” They have also concentrated on India’s civilisational glory and spoke of regaining it, PM Modi has spoken since 2015 of India as a vishwaguru, or world teacher. The idea of vishwaguru probably plays well with Modi’s core Hindu constituency at home but is hardly a realistic goal when contemporary India is a net importer of knowledge, is not known for innovation, and must still do a great deal to spread primary education to its people and raise educational standards to acceptable levels in its institutions of learning. Nor is it clear how vishwaguru status would address the immediate problem of livelihood and security that the Indian people and nation face. Becoming a vishwaguru is hardly the answer to India’s security, economy, and development needs and what they require from the international system. In any case, the first Modi government saw precious little done to move India towards this nebulous goal, which may be just as well.  India is and has been an important player on the world stage with its own interest and will continue to be so. And yet, the purpose of our participation in the international community is not to see how many people we can outdo or push down. It is to uplift our own people and to improve their condition…” And lastly, Menon might be among the last of the dying breed of Nehruvian but he is objective about Nehru’s foreign policy lapses: “The narrative about India as a great power seems driven more by a desire for status and recognition than by the outcomes the quest for great-power status is likely to produce for the Indian people, society, state, the subcontinent, and the world. What is missing is a vision of India’s place in the international system and its goals, as Nehru was able to articulate in his time, even though he was not always entirely in touch with the realities of power and therefore saw some of his policies fail.” The book is a wonderful history of our foreign policy written with insight and passion. You might occasionally disagree with his views but, in the end, you are left in no doubt this is a book written by a man who feels deeply for India. India Policy Watch #3: Today’s EhrlichiansInsights on burning policy issues in India— Pranay KotashaneWe consistently write here on why the oft-repeated narrative that India’s population is the root cause of its ills, is problematic. This week, I came across an excerpt in Jason Crawford’s delightful MIT Tech Review article discussing this narrative. He writes:The 1968 book The Population Bomb, by Paul and Anne Ehrlich, opened with a call for surrender: “The battle to feed all of humanity is over. In the 1970s hundreds of millions of people will starve to death in spite of any crash programs embarked upon now. At this late date nothing can prevent a substantial increase in the world death rate.” In 1970, Paul Ehrlich reinforced the defeatism, saying that in a few years “further efforts will be futile” and “you may as well look after yourself and your friends and enjoy what little time you have left.” Because they saw the situation as hopeless, the Ehrlichs supported a proposal to cut off aid to countries such as India that were seen as not doing enough to limit population growth.This book went on to be a hit in the 1970s. The population alarm it amplified eventually led to the Indira Gandhi government’s draconic sterilisation programmes and China’s one-child policy. Though Ehrlich’s alarmist prediction was falsified, the fear-mongering continues to resonate even today in our policy discourse. Today’s Ehrlichians argue, without batting an eyelid, that states having relatively higher population growth rates should be penalised financially and electorally. Financially, by making the Finance Commission transfers contingent on their population growth rates, just like Ehrlich argued for cutting off aid to India. And electorally, by stalling delimitation of constituencies. Now, there are perfectly good reasons for making Finance Commission grants contingent on the states’ governance record. Similarly, there is a debate to be held whether another round of electoral delimitation might be of any use when our parliamentarians are shackled by the anti-defection law. And yet, it’s the Ehrlichian argument that often gets deployed. At a philosophical level, by making “We, the people” itself a problem, it provides the Indian state with a ready excuse for its underperformance. At a factual level, it ignores that India’s population growth rates across states are on a decline. All states are at different points of the same journey. We should shun these Ehrlichian notions. They became irrelevant a long time ago. PS: It turns out that linking fiscal transfers to population control was also an Emergency creation. The National Population Policy of 1976, among other things, made 8% of the Union government’s assistance to state plans contingent on their performance in family planning. A Framework a Week: Public Policy SolutionismTools for thinking public policy— Pranay KotasthaneThis week, instead of a framework I have a desirable “frame of mind” for participating in Indian public policy discourse. The inspiration comes from the same essay by Jasan Crawford I quoted above. Titled Why I’m a Proud Solutionist, the essay says:“To embrace both the reality of problems and the possibility of overcoming them, we should be fundamentally neither optimists nor pessimists, but solutionists.”..The term “solutionism,” usually in the form of “technocratic solutionism,” has been used since the 1960s to mean the belief that every problem can be fixed with technology. This is wrong, and so “solutionism” has been a term of derision. But if we discard any assumptions about the form that solutions must take, we can reclaim it to mean simply the belief that problems are real, but solvable...Solutionists may seem like optimists because solutionism is fundamentally positive. It advocates vigorously advancing against problems, neither retreating nor surrendering. But it is as far from a Panglossian, “all is for the best” optimism as it is from a fatalistic, doomsday pessimism. It is a third way that avoids both complacency and defeatism, and we should wear the term with pride.”Wise words, these. Given the daunting challenges that India faces, it is easy to fall into the traps of visceral pessimism or unreal optimism. Or to end with sterile conclusions such as problems are complex, “we don’t have enough data”, or “there’s a long historical chain that explains our current problems”. Academics might deride solutionism for its attempt to solve something layered and complicated, libertarians might mistake this mindset for centralisation, and bureaucrats might hate it because some solutions go beyond incrementalism.Each of these criticisms has some merit but the public policy mindset must attempt to learn from them instead of discarding solutionism. Without this mindset, confronting tough trade-offs inherent in every policy alternative becomes impossible; every problem comes across as a wicked one. Moreover, it is easy to find PolicyWTFs — there is no shortage in the Indian context. But a solutionist frame of mind can help us reflect on policy successes instead of limiting ourselves to lampooning policy failures. Finally, a solutionist mindset makes for better stories. Given how stories are so central to human existence, it is important to give chance to the idea that even intractable problems — such as climate change — can be solved. It’s only this belief that can ward off cynicism. HomeWorkReading and listening recommendations on public policy matters[Paper] A well-written review of India’s population control policies by Gabe T Wang[Article] A Smithsonian piece by Charles Mann on the book that incited a worldwide fear of overpopulation[Article] John Lloyd in Quillete on a brand of anti-racism in the UK that’s endangering individual liberty. [Article] Andy Mukherjee writing in The Print on Asset Monetisation: What is the best asset monetisation plan? Modi govt can learn important lessons from Australia Get on the email list at publicpolicy.substack.com

* Re broadcast from 2016. Cloverleaf Radio's hosts The Host with the Most Jimmy Falcon and Gorgeous Ladies of Wrestling's Gremlina welcome Actor Robert Axelrod, best known as the voice of Lord Zedd I'm the "Power Rangers" franchise. Check it out!! --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/jianetwork/support

“I think the most critical thing is education for critical thinking. The ability to listen to a political argument or an argument of any sort, on COVID, for example, or climate change, and not necessarily understand the science behind that, but to understand how to evaluate the credibility of the speaker, how to evaluate the logic of the arguments and to see whether a conspiracy theory is behind this that has no grounding… And so I think what's especially important in would be an educational in critical thinking.”Robert Axelrod, Professor Emeritus of Political Science and Public Policy at the University of Michigan where he has taught for over 4 decades. Receiving a PH.D. at Yale in Political Science, he is best known for his work and research concerning the evolution of cooperation and political behavior into the modern age, including topics like international and cyber security. He is an award-winning and extensively published scholar who has taught across the country, consulting for organizations like The UN, the World Bank, and the US Department of Defense. In 2012 he was awarded with the National Medal of Science by former US president Barack Obama concerning his extensive work in the behavioral social sciences. In this interview, Axelrod sits down with Mia to talk about his work, the current political climate, and his hopes for future political thinking and action.·fordschool.umich.edu/faculty/robert-axelrod
· www.creativeprocess.info

Robert Axelrod is a Professor Emeritus of Political Science and Public Policy at the University of Michigan where he has taught for over 4 decades. Receiving a PH.D. at Yale in Political Science, he is best known for his work and research concerning the evolution of cooperation and political behavior into the modern age, including topics like international and cyber security. He is an award-winning and extensively published scholar who has taught across the country, consulting for organizations like The UN, the World Bank, and the US Department of Defense. In 2012 he was awarded with the National Medal of Science by former US president Barack Obama concerning his extensive work in the behavioral social sciences. In this interview, Axelrod sits down with Mia to talk about his work, the current political climate, and his hopes for future political thinking and action.·fordschool.umich.edu/faculty/robert-axelrod
· www.creativeprocess.info

“I think the most critical thing is education for critical thinking. The ability to listen to a political argument or an argument of any sort, on COVID, for example, or climate change, and not necessarily understand the science behind that, but to understand how to evaluate the credibility of the speaker, how to evaluate the logic of the arguments and to see whether a conspiracy theory is behind this that has no grounding… And so I think what's especially important in would be an educational in critical thinking.”Robert Axelrod, Professor Emeritus of Political Science and Public Policy at the University of Michigan where he has taught for over 4 decades. Receiving a PH.D. at Yale in Political Science, he is best known for his work and research concerning the evolution of cooperation and political behavior into the modern age, including topics like international and cyber security. He is an award-winning and extensively published scholar who has taught across the country, consulting for organizations like The UN, the World Bank, and the US Department of Defense. In 2012 he was awarded with the National Medal of Science by former US president Barack Obama concerning his extensive work in the behavioral social sciences. In this interview, Axelrod sits down with Mia to talk about his work, the current political climate, and his hopes for future political thinking and action.·fordschool.umich.edu/faculty/robert-axelrod
· www.creativeprocess.info

“I think the most critical thing is education for critical thinking. The ability to listen to a political argument or an argument of any sort, on COVID, for example, or climate change, and not necessarily understand the science behind that, but to understand how to evaluate the credibility of the speaker, how to evaluate the logic of the arguments and to see whether a conspiracy theory is behind this that has no grounding… And so I think what's especially important in would be an educational in critical thinking.”Robert Axelrod, Professor Emeritus of Political Science and Public Policy at the University of Michigan where he has taught for over 4 decades. Receiving a PH.D. at Yale in Political Science, he is best known for his work and research concerning the evolution of cooperation and political behavior into the modern age, including topics like international and cyber security. He is an award-winning and extensively published scholar who has taught across the country, consulting for organizations like The UN, the World Bank, and the US Department of Defense. In 2012 he was awarded with the National Medal of Science by former US president Barack Obama concerning his extensive work in the behavioral social sciences. In this interview, Axelrod sits down with Mia to talk about his work, the current political climate, and his hopes for future political thinking and action.·fordschool.umich.edu/faculty/robert-axelrod
· www.creativeprocess.info

Robert Axelrod is a Professor Emeritus of Political Science and Public Policy at the University of Michigan where he has taught for over 4 decades. Receiving a PH.D. at Yale in Political Science, he is best known for his work and research concerning the evolution of cooperation and political behavior into the modern age, including topics like international and cyber security. He is an award-winning and extensively published scholar who has taught across the country, consulting for organizations like The UN, the World Bank, and the US Department of Defense. In 2012 he was awarded with the National Medal of Science by former US president Barack Obama concerning his extensive work in the behavioral social sciences. In this interview, Axelrod sits down with Mia to talk about his work, the current political climate, and his hopes for future political thinking and action.·fordschool.umich.edu/faculty/robert-axelrod
· www.creativeprocess.info

Robert Axelrod is a Professor Emeritus of Political Science and Public Policy at the University of Michigan where he has taught for over 4 decades. Receiving a PH.D. at Yale in Political Science, he is best known for his work and research concerning the evolution of cooperation and political behavior into the modern age, including topics like international and cyber security. He is an award-winning and extensively published scholar who has taught across the country, consulting for organizations like The UN, the World Bank, and the US Department of Defense. In 2012 he was awarded with the National Medal of Science by former US president Barack Obama concerning his extensive work in the behavioral social sciences. In this interview, Axelrod sits down with Mia to talk about his work, the current political climate, and his hopes for future political thinking and action.·fordschool.umich.edu/faculty/robert-axelrod
· www.creativeprocess.info

“I think the most critical thing is education for critical thinking. The ability to listen to a political argument or an argument of any sort, on COVID, for example, or climate change, and not necessarily understand the science behind that, but to understand how to evaluate the credibility of the speaker, how to evaluate the logic of the arguments and to see whether a conspiracy theory is behind this that has no grounding… And so I think what's especially important in would be an educational in critical thinking.”Robert Axelrod, Professor Emeritus of Political Science and Public Policy at the University of Michigan where he has taught for over 4 decades. Receiving a PH.D. at Yale in Political Science, he is best known for his work and research concerning the evolution of cooperation and political behavior into the modern age, including topics like international and cyber security. He is an award-winning and extensively published scholar who has taught across the country, consulting for organizations like The UN, the World Bank, and the US Department of Defense. In 2012 he was awarded with the National Medal of Science by former US president Barack Obama concerning his extensive work in the behavioral social sciences. In this interview, Axelrod sits down with Mia to talk about his work, the current political climate, and his hopes for future political thinking and action.·fordschool.umich.edu/faculty/robert-axelrod
· www.creativeprocess.info

SPC Ep 42: "Kung Fu Kitty Kontest" Princess Vi has started a fighting tournament! The Pizza Cats engage in Mortal Kombat against the assembled Street Fighters to see if they'll end up Dead or Alive! Does Speedy have the Killer Instinct to win, or will he be undone by the Fatal Fury of this Samurai Showdown!? ... Tekken. Plus, a tip of the hat to SPC all-star Robert Axelrod!   The Samurai Pizza Cast is Andrew Power, AJ Moralas, and Miriam Gibson Spiritual Advisor: MANDU, The Wonder Cat Singing Sensation: Colin White Contact and Follow the Show: E-mail - spccast@gmail.com Twitter - @pizzacast Samurai Pizza Cats/Kyatto Ninden Teyandee © SOTSU/Tatsunoko Productions

This week as part our Four State Comic Con Retrospective series we share with you the first panel we ever did for Four State Comic Con. This panel was recorded on April 30th 2016 and the episode was released in May 2016. The panel was titled "Power Rangers: Good Vs Evil"  and featured guests Vernon Wells, Michael Copon, and now late Robert Axelrod.    Our Standard Links To Find Our Show And Social Media: Our Facebook page: https://www.facebook.com/thelongcoatmafiapodcast Our Website: https://thelongcoatmafia.podbean.com Our Twitter: https://twitter.com/longcoatmafia Our Email: longcoatmafia@gmail.com Instagram: https://instagram.com/longcoatmafia/ Our Mixer Channel: https://mixer.com/LCMP  Our Twitch Channel: https://www.twitch.tv/longcoatmafiapod  Our TikTok: @lcmpodcast Our Youtube Channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCMKjdXi_jiauKC5xTVNkJiw We are also found on iTunes, stitcher.com, Google Play, Spotify, the Podbean App and where podcasts are found

Since the term was coined in 1956, artificial intelligence has been a kind of mirror that tells us more about our theories of intelligence, and our hopes and fears about technology, than about whether we can make computers think. AI requires us to formulate and specify: what do we mean by computation and cognition, intelligence and thought? It is a topic rife with hype and strong opinions, driven more by funding and commercial goals than almost any other field of science...with the curious effect of making massive, world-changing technological advancements even as we lack a unifying theoretical framework to explain and guide the change. So-called machine intelligences are more and more a part of everyday human life, but we still don’t know if it is possible to make computers think, because we have no universal, satisfying definition of what thinking is. Meanwhile, we deploy technologies that we don’t fully understand to make decisions for us, sometimes with tragic consequences. To build machines with common sense, we have to answer fundamental questions such as, “How do humans learn?” “What is innate and what is taught?” “How much do sociality and evolution play a part in our intelligence, and are they necessary for AI?”This week’s guest is computer scientist Melanie Mitchell, Davis Professor of Complexity at SFI, Professor of Computer Science at Portland State University, founder of ComplexityExplorer.org, and author or editor of six books, including the acclaimed Complexity: A Guided Tour and her latest, Artificial Intelligence: A Guide for Thinking Humans. In this episode, we discuss how much left there is to learn about artificial intelligence, and how research in evolution, neuroscience, childhood development, and other disciplines might help shed light on what AI still lacks: the ability to truly think.Visit Melanie Mitchell’s Website for research papers and to buy her book, Artificial Intelligence: A Guide for Thinking Humans. Follow Melanie on Twitter.Watch Melanie's SFI Community Lecture on AI.Join our Facebook discussion group to meet like minds and talk about each episode.Podcast Theme Music by Mitch Mignano.Follow us on social media:Twitter • YouTube • Facebook • Instagram • LinkedInMore discussions with Melanie:Lex FridmanEconTalkJim RuttWBUR On PointMelanie's AMA on The Next Web

NPS Special 04: Remembering Robert Axelrod (15:20, 11 MB) [MP3 Direct Download] Show Notes Hosted by: Lisa J, Jer, and Brandon Topics: Originally recorded on Tuesday, October 8, 2019. We remember Robert Axelrod, Voice Actor of Lord Zedd and Finster.

Ever wanted to known more about a certain Power Rangers character? Join Joe, Matt & Scotty as they dig deep into the stories behind the most iconic characters in Power Rangers history. We also would like to send out condolences out to the family and friends of fallen voice actor for Might Morphin Power Rangers Robert Alexrod aka "Lord Zedd & Finster".

WE MADE IT TO 100 EPISODES!!! We are so glad you can join us for this show as we got something good for you. We play a special game of 20 questions with Swaggonzero and we talk about that new Bad Boys trailer. The pasting of Robert Axelrod and Kevin Hart. All this and more so kick back and feel the NERDGASM!!

WE MADE IT TO 100 EPISODES!!! We are so glad you can join us for this show as we got something good for you. We play a special game of 20 questions with Swaggonzero and we talk about that new Bad Boys trailer. The pasting of Robert Axelrod and Kevin Hart. All this and more so kick back and feel the NERDGASM!!

In the early 60s, Robert Axelrod was a math major messing around with refrigerator-sized computers. Then a dramatic global crisis made him wonder about the space between a rock and a hard place, and whether being good may be a good strategy. With help from Andrew Zolli and Steve Strogatz, we tackle the prisoner’s dilemma, a classic thought experiment, and learn about a simple strategy to navigate the waters of cooperation and betrayal. Then Axelrod, along with Stanley Weintraub, takes us back to the trenches of World War I, to the winter of 1914, and an unlikely Christmas party along the Western Front.    

The full five Core team comes at you again to discuss the debut of Kamen Rider Vulcan, how an actual good song is misused for boring evil in Ryusoulger, and in honor of Robert Axelrod, we discuss the trilogy of Mighty Morphin Power Rangers where Lord Zedd and Rita Repulsa get married. Does it hold up well? Hmm...  Casters Present:  Blue Pink Yellow Dream Savage  Show Notes: https://www.patreon.com/posts/29961025 Required Viewing: Kamen Rider Zero-One 02, Kishiryu Sentai Ryusoulger 25, Mighty Morphin Power Rangers (Season 2) 41-43  YouTube Version: [youtube=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-d5KG-0I1d4] Feed the Castrangers and get $7 off your first order with SkipTheDishes! https://www.skipthedishes.com/r/6YaJc65HKg

Welcome back, we have another fun episode for you all this week. First up we have an absolute idiot in Russia insulting adult comic book readers. Now, we must apologise for the response to this segment, we Nerds love our comics and really enjoy reading them. As fans we love the artwork, the complexity of the stories, the downright fun of it all, and the insane gadgets that end up becoming a reality. Although we are still waiting to see the Fantastic 4’s flying car. Now things get heated in this as you might expect, but wow, you will love this. Would you like to learn more?Next up we have Australian Dragons and their last surviving cousins living overseas. For all those people who have decided to live abroad after they finish university you aren’t the first. Oh no, not even close. You are a few thousand years behind these guys. Now as typical Aussies they like to relax over a nice steak; enjoy a bit of time in the sun, and when they get angry fighting like a legend. Just in case you are wondering who we are talking about it is the, yeah nah. You will need to listen in to find out.Do you wish you could go play certain games you had on an old phone but are having trouble finding it? Perhaps it is a game on a friend’s phone and no matter how hard you look you just never seem to know where they got it from. Well things are about to get worse, because Infinity Blade are no longer supporting some of their games. So, better check out what this means for that bundle of games you have in your library and read those acknowledged agreements and game licences. Are you freaking out? Well listen in to find out what is happening before it is too late.As usual we have the shout outs, remembrances, birthdays and special events of interest. We would like to say thank you to all the awesome fire fighters battling the numerous bush fires raging around Australia. For all those people who have lost homes, businesses, jobs and all those things that make a life we hope you are safe. As always, stay safe, look out for each other and stay hydrated.EPISODE NOTES:Russian Politician vs adult comic book reader - https://www.bleedingcool.com/2019/09/08/russian-minister-of-culture-vladimir-medinsky-calls-adult-comic-book-readers-morons/Komodo Dragons - https://www.insidescience.org/news/how-last-dragons-survived-extinctionApp Archiving- https://www.reddit.com/r/Games/comments/d1eys0/are_infinity_blade_games_no_longer_available_to/- https://support.apple.com/en-au/HT208436Games currently playingDJ- Warframe - https://store.steampowered.com/app/230410/Warframe/Professor– Space Run - https://store.steampowered.com/app/275670/Space_Run/Buck– The Orville Interactive Fan Experience - https://store.steampowered.com/app/1096200/The_Orville__Interactive_Fan_Experience/Other topics discussedDisney Vs Disney Debates (TNC Podcast)- https://thatsnotcanon.com/disneyvsdisneypodcastJames Oliver Rigney Jr. aka Robert Jordan (American author of epic fantasy. He is best known for the Wheel of Time series, which comprises 14 books and a prequel novel.)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_JordanGeorge Raymond Richard Martin aka George R. R. Martin (American novelist and short story writer in the fantasy,horror, and science fiction genres, screenwriter, and television producer. He is best known for his series of epic fantasy novels, A Song of Ice and Fire, which was adapted into the HBO series Game of Thrones)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_R._R._MartinBerserk (Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Kentaro Miura.)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berserk_(manga)Ouran High Host Club (manga series by Bisco Hatori.)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ouran_High_School_Host_ClubThe Phantom (American adventure comic strip, first published by Lee Falk in February 1936)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_PhantomWynonna Earp (weird West comic book miniseries created and owned by Beau Smith.)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wynonna_EarpThe Boys (American comic book series, written by Garth Ennis and co-created, designed, and illustrated by Darick Robertson)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Boys_(comics)Hack/Slash (comic book series, launched from several one shots of the same name, published by Image Comics. The series was created by writer and sometime penciller Tim Seeley.)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hack/SlashThe Punisher (fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PunisherJoker star Marc Maron blasts outraged Marvel fans- https://www.cinemablend.com/news/2478614/joker-star-marc-maron-blasts-outraged-marvel-fans-after-superhero-movie-backlashParthenogenesis (natural form of asexual reproduction in which growth and development of embryos occur without fertilization.)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ParthenogenesisQUT joins top 200 universities worldwide- https://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/national/queensland/qut-joins-global-elite-universities-in-new-rankings-20190911-p52qdd.htmlSwedish scientist suggests cannibalism as a solution to climate change- https://futurism.com/the-byte/scientist-cannibalism-climate-changeKomodo Dragons (also known as the Komodo monitor, is a species of lizard found in the Indonesian islands of Komodo, Rinca, Flores, and Gili Motang)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komodo_dragonCan cats live on a vegan diet- https://www.petmd.com/blogs/thedailyvet/lorieahuston/2014/june/vegan-diets-cats-31822What happens to feeding your pet a vegan diet- https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-04-07/can-your-pet-become-vegan/10969616Komodo Dragon facts- https://www.livescience.com/27402-komodo-dragons.htmlNintendo sues RomUniverse for copyright infringement- https://www.businessinsider.com.au/nintendo-sues-romuniverse-copyright-infringement-claims-2019-9?r=US&IR=THow to play iPod games on PC- https://itstillworks.com/play-ipod-games-pc-7715671.htmlFlappy Bird (mobile game developed by Vietnamese video game artist and programmer Dong Nguyen under his game development company dotGears.)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flappy_BirdPrince of Persia (1989 fantasy cinematic platformer originally developed and published by Brøderbund and designed by Jordan Mechner for the Apple II.)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_of_Persia_(1989_video_game)Accursed Farms (YouTube channel)- Channel - https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCJ6KZTTnkE-s2XFJJmoTAkw- Games as a service is a fraud - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tUAX0gnZ3NwFallout 76 charging $7 for a fridge and people are not happy- https://www.gamesradar.com/fallout-76-players-arent-happy-about-being-charged-dollar7-for-a-fridge/Warframe market- https://warframe.fandom.com/wiki/MarketReplicator (In Star Trek a replicator is a machine that can create (and recycle) things.)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Replicator_(Star_Trek)CBS kills Star Trek fan project- https://www.pcmag.com/news/364042/cbs-kills-star-trek-stage-9-fan-projectGirl gives birthday cake to Queensland Firefighters- https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/499154903701389312/621667655765721089/70147954_10157763711869669_3177814528142344192_n.pngBardot (Australian girl group which formed in 1999 on the Australian reality television series Popstars.)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bardot_(Australian_band)The Nomad Soul (adventure game developed by Quantic Dream and published by Eidos Interactive.)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Nomad_SoulDr Zhivago (novel by Boris Pasternak, first published in 1957 in Italy.)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctor_Zhivago_(novel)Indian lunar lander falls silent- https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2019/09/india-chandrayaan-2-landing-attempt-moon-lunar-south-pole/You, Me, and a Poltergeist (TNC Podcast)- https://thatsnotcanon.com/ymaappodcastShoutouts8 Sept 1965 – The Monkees were born, a small ad in New York’s Daily Variety on this day attracted 437 young men interested in forming the world’s first "manufactured" boy band –The Monkees. It happened after young movie and TV director Bob Rafelson, looking for his big break, dreamt up a show about a struggling rock band. He ran a production company called Raybert with his business partner Bert Schneider, whose father was the head of Columbia Pictures. The TV division of Columbia agreed in 1965 to go ahead with the project. All that was then needed was a band – or, at least, “four insane boys” who could literally play the part. - https://www.onthisday.com/articles/hey-hey-were-the-monkees9 Sept 1999 – Sega Dreamcast was released in America, it was the first in the sixth generation of video game consoles, preceding Sony's PlayStation 2, Nintendo's GameCube and Microsoft's Xbox. The Dreamcast was Sega's final home console, marking the end of the company's 18 years in the console market. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dreamcast9 Sept 1839 - English scientist and astronomer John Herschel takes 1st glass plate photograph, which still exists, and experimented with some colour reproduction, noting that rays of different parts of the spectrum tended to impart their own colour to a photographic paper. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Herschel11 Sept 2019 - Tribute to the firefighters - https://10daily.com.au/news/australia/a190911uqndh/a-tribute-to-our-amazing-firies-in-10-incredible-photos-20190911Remembrances7 Sept 2019 - Robert Axelrod also credited as Axel Roberts and Myron Mensah, American actor. He was primarily known for his voice work, which included Digimon, Cowboy Bebop and Space Pirate Captain Harlock, having started voice acting for the English-language versions of anime in 1980; providing the voice of Lord Zedd, the main antagonist of the Mighty Morphin Power Rangers; and Finster, the original Mighty Morphin Power Rangers monster maker. He also portrayed a Paul McCartney look-alike on the popular sitcom Family Matters, and later in his career appeared in several productions by comedy duo Tim & Eric. He died at the age of 70 in Los Angeles,California - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Axelrod_(actor)9 Sept 1976 - Mao Zedong, also known as Chairman Mao, was a Chinese communist revolutionary who became the founding father of the People's Republic of China (PRC), which he ruled as the Chairman of the Communist Party of China from its establishment in 1949 until his death in 1976. Idelogically a Marxist–Leninist, his theories, military strategies, and political policies are collectively known as Maoism. A controversial figure, Mao is regarded as one of the most important and influential individuals in modern world history. He is also known as a political intellect, theorist, military strategist, poet, and visionary. Supporters credit him with driving imperialism out of China, modernising the nation and building it into a world power, promoting the status of women, improving education and health care, as well as increasing life expectancy as China's population grew from around 550 million to over 900 million under his leadership. Conversely, his regime has been called autocratic and totalitarian, and condemned for bringing about mass repression and destroying religious and cultural artifacts and sites. It was additionally responsible for vast numbers of deaths with estimates ranging from 30 to 70 million victims through starvation, prison labour and mass executions. He died from a heart attack at the age of 82 in Beijing - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mao_Zedong9 Sept 1997 - Burgess Meredith, American actor, director, producer, and writer. Active for more than six decades, Meredith has been called "a virtuosic actor" and "one of the most accomplished actors of the century". A lifetime member of the Actors Studio by invitation, he won several Emmys, was the first male actor to win the Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor twice, and was nominated for two Academy Awards. He established himself as a leading man in Hollywood with critically acclaimed performances as George Milton in Of Mice and Men, Ernie Pyle in The Story of G.I. Joe, and the narrator ofA Walk in the Sun. Meredith was known later in his career for his appearances on The Twilight Zone and for portraying arch-villain The Penguin on the 1960s TV series Batman and boxing trainer Mickey Goldmill in the Rocky film series. For his performances in The Day of the Locust and Rocky, he received nominations for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. He later starred in the comedy Foul Play and the fantasy film Clash of the Titans. He narrated numerous films and documentaries during his long career, including Twilight Zone: The Movie. He died from complications of Alzheimer's disease and melanoma at the age of 89 in Malibu, California - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burgess_MeredithFamous Birthdays9 Sept 1828 - Count Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy, usually referred to in English as Leo Tolstoy, was a Russian writer who is regarded as one of the greatest authors of all time. He received multiple nominations for Nobel Prize in Literature every year from 1902 to 1906, and nominations for Nobel Peace Prize in 1901, 1902 and 1910, and his miss of the prize is a major Nobel prize controversy. he is best known for the novels War and Peace and Anna Karenina, often cited as pinnacles of realist fiction. He first achieved literary acclaim in his twenties with his semi-autobiographical trilogy, Childhood, Boyhood, and Youth, and Sevastopol Sketches, based upon his experiences in the Crimean War. Tolstoy's fiction includes dozens of short stories and several novellas such as The Death of Ivan Ilyich, Family Happiness, and Hadji Murad. He also wrote plays and numerous philosophical essays. In the 1870s Tolstoy experienced a profound moral crisis, followed by what he regarded as an equally profound spiritual awakening, as outlined in his non-fiction work A Confession. His literal interpretation of the ethical teachings of Jesus, centering on the Sermon on the Mount, caused him to become a fervent Christian anarchist and pacifist. Tolstoy's ideas on nonviolent resistance, expressed in such works as The Kingdom of God Is Within You, were to have a profound impact on such pivotal 20th-century figures as Mahatma Gandhi and Martin Luther King Jr. Tolstoy also became a dedicated advocate of Georgism, the economic philosophy of Henry George, which he incorporated into his writing, particularly Resurrection. He was born in Yasnaya Polyana, Tula Governorate - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy9 Sept 1890 - Colonel Harland David Sanders, American businessman, best known for founding fast food chicken restaurant chain Kentucky Fried Chicken (also known as KFC) and later acting as the company's brand ambassador and symbol. His name and image are still symbols of the company. The title 'colonel' was honorary – a Kentucky Colonel – not the military rank. Sanders held a number of jobs in his early life, such as steam engine stoker, insurance salesman and filling station operator. He began selling fried chicken from his roadside restaurant inNorth Corbin, Kentucky, during the Great Depression. During that time Sanders developed his "secret recipe" and his patented method of cooking chicken in a pressure fryer. Sanders recognized the potential of the restaurant franchising concept, and the first KFC franchise opened in South Salt Lake, Utah in 1952. When his original restaurant closed, he devoted himself full-time to franchising his fried chicken throughout the country. The company's rapid expansion across the United States and overseas became overwhelming for Sanders. In 1964, then 73 years old, he sold the company to a group of investors led by John Y. Brown Jr. and Jack C. Massey for $2 million ($16.2 million today). However, he retained control of operations in Canada, and he became a salaried brand ambassador for Kentucky Fried Chicken. He was born in Henryville, Indiana - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonel_Sanders9 Sept 1953 - Janet Fielding, Australian actress, known for her role in the BBC science fiction television series Doctor Who as companion of the Fourth Doctor, and later of the Fifth Doctor,Tegan Jovanka. She made a guest appearance on Jim'll Fix It in a Doctor Who-related sketch alongside Colin Baker'sDoctor in 1985 (A Fix with Sontarans). She played Mel during Sylvester McCoy's audition for the part of the Seventh Doctor. She was born in Brisbane, Queensland - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janet_FieldingEvents of Interest9 Sept 1983 - Vitas Gerulaitis bets his house that Martina Navratilova can't beat 100th ranked male tennis player- https://www.onthisday.com/people/martina-navratilova- http://www.mertovstennisdesk.com/2013/10/14/the-most-famous-100-player-in-atp-history/9 Sept 2012 – The Indian space agency puts into orbit its heaviest foreign satellite yet, in a streak of 21 consecutive successful PSLV launches. The satellite known as SPOT 6 along with SPOT 7 form a constellation of Earth-imaging satellites designed to provide continuity of high-resolution, wide-swath data up to 2024. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SPOT_(satellite)#SPOT_6_and_SPOT_711 Sept 1940 - The American Mathematical Society met at Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire, a few hundred miles north of the building of Bell Labs in New York, where was the Complex Number Computer. George Stibitz arranged to have the computer connected by telephone lines (28-wire teletype cable) to a teletype unit installed there. The Complex Number Computer worked well, and there is no doubt it impressed those who used it. The meeting was attended by many of America's most prominent mathematicians, as well as individuals who later led important computing projects. The Dartmouth demonstration foreshadowed the modern era of remote computing, but remote access of this type was not repeated for another ten years. - https://history-computer.com/ModernComputer/Relays/Stibitz.htmlIntroArtist – Goblins from MarsSong Title – Super Mario - Overworld Theme (GFM Trap Remix)Song Link - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-GNMe6kF0j0&index=4&list=PLHmTsVREU3Ar1AJWkimkl6Pux3R5PB-QJFollow us onFacebook - https://www.facebook.com/NerdsAmalgamated/Twitter - https://twitter.com/NAmalgamatedSpotify - https://open.spotify.com/show/6Nux69rftdBeeEXwD8GXrSiTunes - https://itunes.apple.com/au/podcast/top-shelf-nerds/id1347661094RSS - http://www.thatsnotcanonproductions.com/topshelfnerdspodcast?format=rssGeneral EnquiriesEmail - Nerds.Amalgamated@gmail.com

Big one again! with Tokyo Game Show this weekend we have a lot of video game news, a reboot of the Disney hit classic Gargoyles, new Batman movie news, and also a cast list reveal of the new Suicide Squad film by James Gunn! A lot of 2020 anime hype and Mangas ending and at the end we talk about the new Apple Arcade! This episode is dedicated to Eddie Money and Robert Axelrod! Rest in Paradise! --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/anime-summit/message

Stitch is out this week.  RIP Kylie Rae Harris, John Wesley, T. Boone Pickens, and Robert Axelrod.  This week we talk about Bill Burr, Dave Chapelle, Ghost Recon Breakpoint (beta), Gears of War 3, Borderlands 3, Dark Crystal Age of Resistance, Another Life, KFC Dating Anime Sim, Malik Yoba, Demon Slayer, and more! Smash film has a young son who was born with a lot of medical conditions. Let's all get together and help his family out in their time of need. gf.me/u/sjcgq6   Loot Crate:  Save 10% on any new subscription at www.trylootcrate.com/BthanBTI. Enter promo code: bridge10 for 10% savings. Gamefly:  Sign up for a premium FREE 30-Day (1 game out) trial at the following URL: www.gameflyoffer.com/BthanBTI. Come follow us:http://www.beenhadproductions.com/bthanbti SoundCloud: https://soundcloud.com/bthanbtiFacebook: https://www.facebook.com/BthanBTI/Twitch:  https://www.twitch.tv/bthanbtiTwitter: @BthanBTIiTunes: https://itun.es/i6SJ6PwYouTube: https://www.youtube.com/c/BlackerThanBlackTimesInfinity

On tonight's show, we drop a few kind words about Colossalcon East, pay tribute to Robert Axelrod, discuss shoujo rap battles, Rascal Does Not Dream of Bunny Girl Senpai The Movie, and a new Pokémon anime! Also, Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind kabuki play, new Pokemon x Tamagotchi crossover, and Studio Trigger did what with Steven Universe?! Meanwhile in Japan, a blacklight stamp to ID gropers, a bar where the staff thanks you, Tenga teams with mechas, and a tsundere pizza from Domino's Pizza?! --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/animejamsession/support

We say goodbye to our Wizardmon and Armadillomon

ROBERT AXELROD (https://www.edge.org/memberbio/robert_axelrod), Walgreen Professor for the Study of Human Understanding at the University of Michigan, is best known for his interdisciplinary work on the evolution of cooperation. He is author of The Evolution of Cooperation. The Conversation: https://www.edge.org/conversation/robert_axelrod-collaboration-and-the-evolution-of-disciplines

We live in a surreal and dangerous time – autocrats are on the rise and societies are regressing toward ethnic competition. Given this political moment, I decided to dedicate an episode of the podcast to the history of research on cooperation. My guest, Robert Axelrod, has been a professor of political science and public policy at the University of Michigan since 1974.  Prior to that, he was a professor at the University of California, Berkeley. He is a member of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences and a recipient of the MacArthur Foundation Fellowship, among many other awards. Pertinent to today’s episode, he received the 1990 National Academy of Sciences Award for Behavioral Research Relevant to the Prevention of Nuclear War. He also received the National Medal of Science from President Barack Obama. Axelrod is the author of seminal books in the field, such as The Evolution of Cooperation, published in 1984. In this episode, we discuss the famous computer competition on the prisoner’s dilemma that Axelrod ran in 1979, and the lessons learned regarding cooperation, altruistic behavior, kin selection, evolutionary stable strategies, and frequency dependent selection. The focus of our discussion is the winning strategy from the tournament, a strategy called tit for tat. We discuss modifications of tit for tat, including generosity and contrition to account for misunderstanding and misperception, and we discuss how this informs arms races and international relations. We also delve a bit into his interactions with Richard Dawkins, W.D. Hamilton, and E.O. Wilson, as well as his work related to cyberwarfare and cancer.

------------------Support the channel------------ Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/thedissenter PayPal: paypal.me/thedissenter ------------------Follow me on--------------------- Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/thedissenteryt/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/TheDissenterYT Dr. Moshe Hoffman is a Research Scientist at MIT Media Lab & Lecturer at Harvard's Department of Economics. He applies game theory, models of learning and evolution, and experimental methods, to try to decipher the (often subconscious and subtle) incentives that shape our social behavior, preferences, and ideologies. Dr. Hoffman obtained his Ph.D. in Economics from the University of Chicago, Booth School of Business and his B.S. in Economics from the University of Chicago. He also co-designed and teaches "Game Theory and Social Behavior" which lays out a lot of the evidence and models behind this approach. In this episode, we talk about Game Theory. We first establish the aspects of behavior Game Theory studies, and how it does it, referring to strategies of social interaction studied by Robert Axelrod, which Richard Dawkins talks about in The Selfish Gene. In the second part of the interview, we go through the critiques that Dr. Hoffman made of Evolutionary Psychology (https://twitter.com/Moshe_Hoffman/status/1073270050809937923), focusing on aesthetics, religion, and social norms and morality. Time Links: 00:49 What is game theory, and how it works 11:39 Evolved strategies and environmental cues 24:20 Dawkins, Axelrod, The Selfish Gene, and strategies of social interaction 31:58 The evolution of cooperation and altruism 33:47 Norm enforcement 37:35 Evolutionary Psychology (EP) 40:29 What Dr. Hoffman thinks EP gets wrong – pre-adaptations 51:44 Beauty, aesthetics, and artistic behavior 59:43 Extrinsic properties and social aspects of art 1:06:55 Conspicuous consumption 1:19:59 Religion, and other by-products of mental adaptations 1:27:12 How social norms evolve, and the case of Chinese foot-binding 1:33:21 Innate cognition and cultural evolution 1:36:12 Emergent properties and “novel” strategies of the mind 1:46:27 Follow Dr. Hoffman's work! -- Follow Dr. Hoffman's work: Faculty page: https://tinyurl.com/y7g2ubal Personal website: https://tinyurl.com/yboyxvxu Articles on Researchgate: https://tinyurl.com/ybxwknfs Twitter handle: @Moshe_Hoffman Twitter thread on Evolutionary Psychology: https://twitter.com/Moshe_Hoffman/status/1073270050809937923 -- A HUGE THANK YOU TO MY PATRONS: KARIN LIETZCKE, ANN BLANCHETTE, JUNOS, SCIMED, PER HELGE HAAKSTD LARSEN, LAU GUERREIRO, RUI BELEZA, MIGUEL ESTRADA, ANTÓNIO CUNHA, CHANTEL GELINAS, JIM FRANK, JERRY MULLER, FRANCIS FORD, HANS FREDRIK SUNDE, BRIAN RIVERA AND ADRIANO ANDRADE! I also leave you with the link to a recent montage video I did with the interviews I have released until the end of June 2018: https://youtu.be/efdb18WdZUo And check out my playlists on: PSYCHOLOGY: https://tinyurl.com/ybalf8km PHILOSOPHY: https://tinyurl.com/yb6a7d3p

Transforming Organizations with Andrea Farè RESSOURCES https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_0prjrDuPiU Jurgen Schmidhuber "The super intelligence end game" a brilliant forecast on the role of AI and mankind in the coming future. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=502ILHjX9EE "Agile product ownership explained" a master piece of clarity, much more informative than the sum of many books I've read on the topic. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sD0B-X9LJjs "Christopher Hitchens' talk at Google", a great example of engaging and refined dialectics, on a controversial theme (is religion a force of good or evil?) BOOKS ANDREA RECOMMENDS The Evolution of Cooperation by Robert Axelrod (shows why cooperation is needed and autonomously emerges even in hostile environments) nature seems to be able to cooperate on prisoner dilemma like problems much better than us. The Selfish Gene by Richard Dawkins the book analyses evolution from as if the gene was the actual subject of it, and humans were simply vessels that carry selfish genes on their journey to replication, it is interesting because it forces you to get rid of the anthropocentric view by which we distort most interpretations of what happens around us. Reinventing Organisations by Frederic Laloux an eye opening enquiry on modern organisational change Maverick by Ricardo Semler an incredible story of a great leader who has introduced self-management even before the definition existed BOOKS THAT WERE RECOMMENDED TO ANDREA BY PEOPLE HE TRUSTS Switch: how to change things when change is hard Adults in the room: my battle with Europe's deep establishment Talking to My Daughter About the Economy: A Brief History of Capitalism APPS @Voice Aloud Reader: neat android app that reads your books and web pages with a near human quality.

In this Fanbase Feature, Fanbase Press President Bryant Dillon talks with voice-over actor Robert Axelrod (Lord Zedd, Mighty Morphin Power Rangers) about his years of experience in working in television and film, his upcoming featured guest appearance at Comic Excitement Convention in Los Angeles, CA, and much more.

Actor Robert Axelrod joins us on this episode of The Jimmy Star Show with Ron Russell broadcast live from the W4CY studios on Wednesday June 15th , 2016.This show is broadcast live on Wednesday's at 3:00PM ET on W4CY Radio – (www.w4cy.com) part of Talk 4 Radio (http://www.talk4radio.com/) on the Talk 4 Media Network (http://www.talk4media.com/).

Actor Robert Axelrod joins us on this episode of The Jimmy Star Show with Ron Russell broadcast live from the W4CY studios on Wednesday June 15th , 2016. Support this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/the-jimmy-star-show-with-ron-russell9600/donations Advertising Inquiries: https://redcircle.com/brands Privacy & Opt-Out: https://redcircle.com/privacy

This week, Jeramy and Jack welcome Robert Axelrod to the show to talk about his career as a voice and screen actor, as well as what it was like to voice the most terrifying 'Power Ranger' villian of all, Lord Zedd!

Why do people stand in line? Or is it “on line”? Of course it isn’t. But the question remains. We talk with Dave Fagundes, scholar of, among many other things, roller derby, who has written the cutting edge article on why we form lines even without laws requiring them. Discussion ranges from cronuts to rock bands to carpool lanes to phone apps. This show’s links: Dave Fagundes’s faculty profile and writing The decision in Armstrong v. Exceptional Child Center and Steve Vladeck’s reaction, Steve’s having discussed this case in episode 38 David Fagundes, Waiting in Line: Norms, Markets, and the Law Episodes 31 and 32, in which there are links and discussion concerning the “knee defender” controversy and airline seat reclining David Fagundes, Talk Derby to Me: Intellectual Property Norms Governing Roller Derby Pseudonyms A stachexchange thread about standing “in line” vs. “on line” The word “spendy” dates from 1911 at the latest How Y’all, Youse and You Guys Talk, a quiz to see your personal dialect map Hella Blitzgeral, roller derbyist Lisa Bernstein, Opting out of the Legal System: Extralegal Contractual Relations in the Diamond Industry Robert Ellickson, Of Coase and Cattle: Dispute Resolution Among Neighbors in Shasta County (and more in his book, Order Without Law) Philosophy Bites: Lisa Bortolotti on Irrationality Louis Kaplow and Steven Shavell, Fairness versus Welfare: Notes on the Pareto Principle, Preferences, and Distributive Justice Leon Mann, Queue Culture: The Waiting Line as a Social System About cronuts Carol Rose, Possession as the Origin of Property Thomas Merrill and Henry Smith, Optimal Standardization in the Law of Property: The Numerus Clausus Principle An example of a “queuing app” About the “tit for tat” strategy and its connection to human nature in Robert Axelrod, The Evolution of Cooperation An excerpt on social norms from Dan Ariely’s Predictably Irrational The excerpt on videphones from David Foster Wallace’s Infinite Jest; see also Infinite Summer Michael Sandel, What Money Can’t Buy: The Moral Limits of Markets (his Tanner Lecture) Lior Strahilevitz, How Changes in Property Regimes Influence Social Norms: Commodifying California's Carpool Lanes David Fagundes, The Pink’s Paradox: Excessively Long Food Lines as Overly Strong Signals of Quality, referring to Pink’s Hot Dogs; see also Sally’s Apizza The set of policies for “Krzyzewskiville,” the grassy lawn at Duke where students line up for days to get basketball tickets Catherine Eade, Diplomatic (Snow) Storm Erupts After American Ambassador to Switzerland Criticises Its Ski Lift Queues About power distance index John Wiseman, Aspects of Social Organisation in a Nigerian Petrol Queue Lior Strahilevitz, Charismatic Code, Social Norms, and the Emergence of Cooperation on the File-Swapping Networks (discussing reciprocity cascades) Dan Kahan, The Logic of Reciprocity: Trust, Collective Action, and Law Felix Oberholzer-Gee, A Market for Time: Fairness and Efficiency in Waiting Lines Stanley Milgram, Response to Intrusion into Waiting Lines Special Guest: Dave Fagundes.

Scotty and Mike sit down with Barbara Goodson and Robert Axelrod. Who most of you know as Rita Repulsa and Lord Zedd!!! They talk of the resurgence in Power Rangers fandom, conventions, and oh so much more. Scotty even tries convincing Barbara that in 1994 there was a Rita figure. (Which unfortunately there was not. ...